CS210263B1 - Polymer compound based on polyvinyl - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention addresses the issue of improving the anti-skid properties of polymer mixtures based on polyvinyl materials by adding ethoxylated fatty acids Cw to C22 with a melting point of no more than 110 °C to the mixtures.

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a polymer blend based on a polyvinyl chloride mass which contains ethoxylated fatty acids as an internal antistatic.

Antistatic properties, in particular reduced ability to electrify, can be achieved in two ways:

- incorporating a carrier of antistatic behavior into the polymer chain - introducing a suitable additive into the polymer substrates

Most technologies of preparation of antistatic materials prefer the second method, mainly because of simplicity and economic undemandingness.

The antistatic properties of polyvinyl materials are achieved by the addition of some surfactants - surfactants. Surfactants have the characteristic property of concentrating at the phase interface and thus reducing the surface energy. Thus, for example, in aqueous solutions, a number of organic compounds having a diffusible composition have this property, that is, they contain a polar group together with the hydrocarbon chain. Depending on their behavior in water, surfactants, antistatic agents, are divided into two groups, namely ionic and non-ionic. Typical representatives of ionic surfactants are quaternary ammonium bases. The non-ionic ones include the ethoxylation products of compounds containing active hydrogen in the molecule.

When antistatic agents are applied to polyvinyl-type materials, they often migrate. Separation results in a rapid disappearance of the antistatic effect. This undesirable effect is due to an imbalance between the diffusivity and the miscibility of the surfactant with the polymer substrate. The accompanying phenomenon of this process is insufficient antistatic efficiency at low temperatures and low relative humidity values. The low thermal stability of antistatic agents in the processing of polyvinyl materials leads to their destruction and loss of physico-mechanical properties.

These disadvantages are overcome by the weight of polyvinyl antistatic behavior according to the invention which contain 0.05 to 30 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the polymer product of ethoxylation of fatty acids, C ₀ through C ₂₂ with a melting point max. 110 ° C.

Supplementary lubricants, antioxidants, pigments, fungicides, UV stabilizers and other additives may also be present in the composition of the invention.

Polyvinyl plastic is meant polymers in which the chain is repeated basic structural unit -CH ₂ -CHX-, wherein X can be halogen, aryl, alkyl, nitrile and the like. Polyvinyl masses include tough polyvinylaromatic masses. Tough polyvinylaromatic mass is understood to mean polystyrene, which contains an unsaturated elastomer and / or terpolymers as modifying component, which, in addition to the styrene and elastomeric components, comprise another component, for example acrylonitrile, alpha-methylstyrene and the like. Typical representatives of tough polyvinylaromatic materials are tough polystyrene and ABS copolymer. Fatty acid ethoxylation product is a substance formed by the reaction of ethylene oxide and C ₁₀ to C ₂₂ fatty acids with a melting point of max. 110 ° C.

The polymer blend prepared according to the invention exhibits very good antistatic properties, which are given by an optimal balance between the miscibility of the ethoxylated C ₁₀ -C ₂₂ fatty acids and the polyvinyl substrate. The material prepared according to the invention shows a reduced ability to electrify. The rate of diffusion of the ethoxylated product from the polymer substrate and hence the antistatic effect time is determined by the optimum miscibility of the ethoxylation product of the C _{w w} -C ₂₂ mast fatty acids and the polyvinyl substrate. The material prepared according to the invention shows a reduced ability to electrify. The applied fatty acid ethoxylation product in the polymer blend may partially or completely replace the function of a lubricant or plasticizer. The mixture is harmless to health and can be easily processed by conventional forming technologies.

The very good properties of the polymer blends prepared according to the invention are demonstrated by the following examples. The surface resistance values determined according to CSN No. 34 6460 for the materials prepared according to the individual examples are given in Table I.

Example 1

A mixture was prepared which comprised 70 parts by weight of suspension PVC of K value 65 parts dioctyl phthalate 15 parts by weight of the product of ethoxylation of fatty acids, C ₀ through C ₂₂ with a melting point max. 110 ° C parts by weight of inorganic pigment by weight of heat stabilizer 0 5 parts by weight of UV stabilizer

The surface resistance of the material of the prepared mixture is given in Table 1. Example No. 2

A mixture was prepared comprising: 100 parts by weight of suspension polystyrene of the KRASTEN 127 type

2.5 parts by weight of the C ₀ to C ₂₂ fatty acid ethoxylation product with a melting point of max. 110 ° C by weight of inorganic pigment

The surface resistance of the material prepared from the mixture is presented in Table 1.

Example 3

A mixture was prepared comprising:

100 parts by weight of tough polystyrene containing 6.5% unsaturated elastomer parts by weight of C ₁₀ to C ₂₂ fatty acid ethoxylation product with a melting point of max. 110 ° C

The surface resistance of the material prepared from said mixture is presented in Table 1.

Example 4 '

A mixture was prepared comprising:

10 parts by weight of an ABS terpolymer having an elastomeric phase content of 15% by weight of the Cw-C ₂₂ fatty acid ethoxylation product with a melting point of max. 110 ° C

The surface resistance of the material prepared according to Example 5 is shown in Table 1.

Example 5

AND

A polymer blend was prepared comprising:

parts by weight of suspended polyvinyl chloride with a k-value of 70 parts by weight of dioctyl phthalate 5 parts by weight of inorganic pigment parts by weight of heat stabilizer 0.5 parts by weight of UV stabilizer 5 parts by weight of C ₁₀ to C ₂₂ fatty acid ethoxylation product with melting point max.

The surface resistance of the material prepared according to Example 5 is shown in Table 1.

k i Example 6

A polymer blend was prepared comprising:

and 70 parts by weight suspension polyvit nylchlorldu having a K value of 70 J10 weight of dioctyl phthalate (5 parts by weight of inorganic pigmenj here} 0.5 parts by weight UV stabilizer (22 weight parts of the product of ethoxylation of fatty acids, i.e. C _n to C ₂₂ m.p. [max 110 ° C: Surface resistance is given in Table 1.

{Example. 7: A blend was prepared comprising: (100 parts by weight of ABS terpolymer with an elastomeric phase content of 15% by weight)

10.1 parts by weight of the ethoxylation product ^{1 of} fatty acids C _w to C ₂₂ with a melting point * of at most 110 ° C

The surface resistance is given in Table 1.

{Table 1

. — 4 -——-— Jp. and Surface resistance () according to ČSN 34 6460 1 1,2.10 ’ 1 2 _u . 2,3.10 ¹² 13 4,2.10 ¹⁰ j 4 9,2.10 ¹¹ : 5 6.10 ’ í .6 ' 8,4.10 ⁸ i ⁷ 7,2.10 ¹²

Note:

surface resistance values in the range of J ^{10 10} to ^{10 12} are characteristic of materials with good antistatic properties. Values lower than 10 ¹⁰ represent materials with very good antistatic properties.

Claims (1)

SUBJECT OF THE INVENTION Polymeric blend based on polyvinyl fractions of polymer of the ethoxylation product polymer, characterized in that it contains 0.05 to 30 Cw- _C22 fatty acids with a melting point of 100 parts by weight of at most 110 ° C.