CS210215B1 - Liquid nitrogen fertilizer - Google Patents

Abstract

The purpose of the invention was to find a liquid nitrogen fertilizer with reduced corrosive effects and with the possibility of adding trace and secondary elements without the risk of their precipitation. This object is met by a liquid nitrogen fertilizer containing 25 to *5% by weight of urea, 5 to 15% by weight of nitrate of polyvalent cations such as calcium, magnesium, ferric, manganese or manganese nitrate, 10 to 55% by weight of ammonium nitrate and 5 to 20% by weight of sulphite leachates.

Description

The invention relates to liquid nitrogen fertilizers.

Fertilizing nitrogen solutions are currently used worldwide, which contain nitrogen in the form of amide, ammonium and nitrate β with an average nitrogen content of 30% by weight. The preparation of these nitrogenous solutions is based on the dissolution of certain proportions of mono-amine and ammonium nitrate.

a disadvantage of fertilizer nitrogen solutions is the fact that they exhibit high corrosive effects, in particular on copper and their alloys, on iron, concrete and other materials. thus contributing to the pollution of the natural environment · Without reducing the nitrogen concentration, it is not possible to add secondary nutrients such as calcium or magnesium or microelements to existing nitrogen solutions; they are precipitated ·

The nitrogen nitrogen fertilizer according to the present invention, which contains 23 to 43% by weight of urea, 3 to 13% by weight, appears to be substantially more preferred. % of nitrates of polyvalent cations such as calcium, magnesium, ferric, copper or manganese nitrate, individually or in a mixture, 10 to 33 wt. % ammonium nitrate and 3 to 20 wt. sulphite extracts containing 20 to 60% by weight of dry matter.

The liquid nitrogen fertilizer according to the invention shows a significant reduction in the corrosive properties, in particular to copper and iron. This feature significantly increases the operability of the application technology and storage equipment by at least 50% ·

Depending on the amount of sulphite leachate added, some of the nitrogen is present in an immobilized form, which brings environmental and agrochemical advantages. Not to mention the positive effect of lignin present as a direct precursor of humus and sugars as an energy source for soil microflora.

The presence of sulphite leaches makes it possible to prepare nitrogenous solutions containing calcium, magnesium, iron, manganese, copper, zinc, etc., or a mixture thereof in any proportion without the risk of precipitation thereof from the fertilizer solution. According to the results obtained so far, the liquid nitrogen fertilizer according to the invention, which contains 27 wt. % of total nitrogen, at least 3 wt. % CaO and at most 7 wt. Other ammonium nitrate content The ammonium nitrate content guarantees the applicability of the fertilizer according to the invention even at temperatures close to 0 ° C.

The present invention makes it possible to prepare different types of fertilizer differentiated according to natural conditions, plant requirements and farm needs. The fertilizer according to the invention is prepared by successive dissolution of the individual components.

In the application of the fertilizer according to the present invention, yield gains in comparison with DAM (equivalent dose II) of up to 20% were found, with the forage fertilized with liquid nitrogen fertilizer according to the invention being more readily accepted by cattle than fertilized with DAM 390.

Examples

Example 1

To 800 g of sulfite liquors having a concentration of 52% by weight. 800 g of water was added and 200 g of calcium nitrate, 600 g of ammonium nitrate and 1600 g of urea were added successively. The fertilizer contains 24.5 wt. nitrogen, crystallization temperature -3 ° C.

Example 2

To 260 g of water was added 70 g of sulfite liquor with a concentration of 35% by weight. 50 g of calcium nitrate, 350 g of ammonium nitrate and 270 g of urea were successively dissolved in the resulting solution. The fertilizer contained 25.5% by weight. nitrogen, crystallization temperature -4 ° C.

Example 3

To 800 g of water was added 500 g of 52% by weight sulfite liquor. dry matter and 350 g of ferric nitrate was added. After dissolution, 1350 g of ammonium nitrate and 1600 g of urea were added successively. The fertilizer contained 24.2 wt. nitrogen, crystallization temperature -5 ° C. The iron content was 4 wt.

Example 4

First, a solution was prepared with 1200 g of water and 300 g of sulphite liquor having a concentration of 40% by weight. 250 g of ferric nitrate, 250 g of manganese nitrate, 250 g of copper nitrate and 240 g of zinc nitrate were dissolved. after dissolution 1000 g of ammonium nitrate and 1500 g of urea were added. The fertilizer contained 22 wt. % nitrogen and 3 wt. polyvalent cations, crystallization temperature -4 ° C.

Example 5

Liquid nitrogen fertilizer, produced on a pilot scale with weight ratios of individual components as in Example 2, was used for operational fertilization of a spring mix with the undergrowth of a rye at the State Farm Vyšši Brod of the Šumava branch enterprise. The fertilized portion had an area of 25 hectares, and a 10 hectare portion fertilized with commercial fertilizer DAM 390 served as a control.

On the control area and DAM, 11.5 t.ha '^ of green spring cucumber a

8.5 t.ha “· rye, total 19.8 t.ha“ ^ green matter · On the area with application of fertilizer according to the invention a green matter yield was achieved in spring mix 14.5 t.ha “\ for rye 9 , 6 t.ha ”\ total 24,1 t.ha ' ¹ forage. The overall yield increase achieved by the fertilizer according to the invention is

21.7% compared to β commercial fertilizer DAM 390.

In addition to proving a higher yield effect of fertilization according to the invention compared to fertilizer DAM 590, it was further found that the forage from the fertilized portion according to the invention was readily accepted by the animals while refusing animals with DAM fertilized.

Example 6

The fertilizer according to the invention produced by the pilot plant method according to the formula given in Example 2 was used in an operational manner to fertilize clover-grass mix and in its effects compared with ammonium nitrate with limestone. The fertilized parts had an area of 5.5 ha. Nitrogen dose was for the fertilizers according to the invention 70 kg .ha ^-1 apllkaoe was performed once at the beginning of vegetation. Ammonium nitrate with limestone was applied at the beginning of vegetation at a dose of 90 kg N.ha "\ The second mowing was to variant e nitrate fertilizer yet another 60 kg N ha ^ ^{the first} Thus, the total nitrogen dose on the nitrate fertilized control area was 150 kg.ha < -1 > or more than twice the nitrogen dose on the fertilizer compartment according to the invention.

A total of 4 cuts were made for both variants. The total yield of control variant e with a substantially higher nitrogen dose was 55.6 t.ha ^{-1 of} green fodder, for variant e fertilizing according to the invention 54.5 t.ha ** ¹ , which is 2.7% wolf.

In the experiment with the fertilizer according to the invention, the protracted nitrogen effect and the higher production effect of nitrogen have been shown. A yield of 0.22 t of green pioe was achieved per kg of nitrogen, 0.49 t of litter in the fertilizer variant of the invention, which is more than double.

Claims (1)

pSbdmSt OF THE INVENTION Liquid nitrogen fertilizer characterized in that it contains 25 to 45 wt. % urea, 5 to 15 wt. % by weight of nitrates of a disulfide cation such as calcium, magnesium, ferric, shear or manganese nitrate individually or in a mixture; % ammonium nitrate and 5 to 20 wt. % sulfite extracts containing 20 to 60 wt. dry matter. MTZO21 R