CS208918B1 - Transfer method of two-dimensional information and apparatus for execution of this method - Google Patents

Abstract

A system of transmission of two dimensional information at optical frequencies, applicable to television, video telephone lines etc. The system uses a coherent light flux (2) through a connecting line (4). The two dimensional signal is formed by two dimensional space modulation (9) of a coherent light flux, simultaneously sending a two dimensional reference signal along the line. The phase displacement of the reference signal does not exceed the time instability interval of the line. The output reference signal and the information signal are subject to combined treatment (13). The treatment will insure compensation for identical distortion suffered by the two signals along the line.

Description

Furthermore, the device is very expensive to transmit information over a long distance.

Also known is a method of simultaneously transmitting two-dimensional images over short distances of several meters, in which an amplitude-modulated luminous flux is transmitted through a beam of light conductors, each light conductor transmitting one light signal corresponding to a single decomposing element of the transmitting image.

There is also known a device for simultaneous transmission of a two-dimensional image which performs this method and comprises a light source in succession, an object that modulates the light signal, a bundle of light conductors whose number must match the number of image decomposition elements, which allows visual observation or other registration of the transmitted image.

Said method and apparatus for carrying it out have a number of drawbacks, namely the great attenuation of signals during long-distance transmission, the complicated connection of light lines at the inlet and outlet of the communication link line, the impossibility. the use of spatial phase modulation of the luminous flux and the difficulty of ensuring the connection between many participants.

These drawbacks are eliminated by the method of transmitting two-dimensional object information by a two-dimensional signal at a distance by means of a coherent luminous flux of the invention, which is based on the fact that ¹ the two-dimensional signal is transmitted in parallel. transmitting the two-dimensional reference signal over the same line following the two-dimensional signal in a time sequence not greater than the time instability of the communication link, and processing the two-dimensional signal and the two-dimensional reference signal at the receiving point together with the same two-dimensional signal and two-dimensional reference signal caused by the transmission line.

According to the invention, co-processing of the two-dimensional signal and the two-dimensional reference signal is accomplished by temporally and spatially combining the received two-dimensional signal and the two-dimensional reference signal and recording the two-dimensional signal hologram in relation to the received two-dimensional reference signal. information without distortion.

In the second variant of the method according to. According to the invention, the two-dimensional signal and the two-dimensional reference signal are processed together by recording the Fourier hologram of the two-dimensional signal and the inverse Fourier hologram of the two-dimensional reference signal in relation to the additional two-dimensional reference signal, successively modulating the additional coherence luminous flux by said Fourier holograms. . reconstructs the transmitted two-dimensional information without distortion.

In the method according to the invention, the two-dimensional signal and the two-dimensional reference signal split on the communication transmission line periodically in space according to the law of randomness.

The two-dimensional signals and two-dimensional reference signals are additionally formed on at least two subcarrier frequencies in the method according to the invention, which allows the transmission of the two-dimensional color information.

In another variant of the method of the invention, a two-dimensional hologram of three-dimensional is first recorded. of the object and the obtained two-dimensional hologram are used for spatial two-dimensional modulation of the coherence luminous flux, and when the two-dimensional signals and the two-dimensional reference signals are jointly processed, an additional reconstruction of the spatial image of the object from the obtained hologram is performed.

The apparatus implementing the method according to the invention consists of a coherent light source which is connected to a transmitter consisting of a commutator for forming successive two-dimensional coherence pulse signals from the coherent luminous flux corresponding to the two-dimensional signal and the two-dimensional reference signal connected to the unit. for a spatial distribution of signals which is connected both to a two-dimensional reference signal forming unit and to a modulator connected to a unit for optimally adapting the spatial spectrum of the two-dimensional signal to a two-dimensional operator of the transmission function of the communication transmission line; connected via the spatial merging unit of the two-dimensional signal and the two-dimensional reference signal to a controllable a unit for introducing a two-dimensional signal and a two-dimensional reference signal into a communication transmission line, wherein:. the communication transmission line is connected to a receiver consisting of a controllable unit for outputting the two-dimensional signal and the two-dimensional reference signal, which is connected both via a commutator to a signal processing unit and secondly via a synchronization signal generator to a signal processing unit.

The two-dimensional signal and two-dimensional reference signal processing unit comprises, according to the invention, a unit for spatially splitting these signals into a two-dimensional reference signal channel and a two-dimensional signal channel connected to the unit. spatially combining the two-dimensional signal and the two-dimensional reference signal in one of these channels, from the time combining unit of the two-dimensional signal and the two-dimensional reference signal connected between the two-dimensional signal and two-dimensional reference spatial splitting unit; a reference signal from a two-dimensional hologram recording unit connected to the reconstructing unit for transmitting two-dimensional information from the hologram using an additional light source.

The two-dimensional signal and two-dimensional reference signal processing unit further comprises an additional non-coherent luminous flux amplifier according to the invention which is arranged directly behind the two-dimensional signal and two-dimensional reference signal spatial combining unit and connected to the unit and the two-dimensional hologram recording unit light channels.

The two-dimensional signal processing unit and the two-dimensional reference signal unit further comprise, in accordance with the invention, consecutive elements connected by an optical light channel, a spatial Fourier transform unit connected to a two-dimensional signal channel and channel a two-dimensional reference signal from the recording unit. an inverse Fourier hologram of a reference signal, from a Fourier hologram recording unit of a two-dimensional signal, said units being connected by optical channels to a spatial signal splitting unit, as well as from an additional coherence light source connected by optical light sources. channels with a Fourier hologram recording unit and an inverse Fourier hologram recording unit, an inverse Fourier hologram recording unit, a Fourier modulated luminous flux retransforming unit coupled to the optical channel, an inverting Fourier hologram recording unit, and a two-dimensional information reconstruction unit from Fourier hologram connected by optical channel to unit for Fourier retransformation of modulated luminous flux.

The device according to the invention has at least one subscriber device, which is embodied as a first subscriber device, a common communication link line with the first subscriber unit and a time synchronization unit common to all subscriber units connected by an optical channel to the communication link line, In the subscriber apparatus, a selector is connected, connected by an optical light channel to a communication transmission line and electrically to a commutator.

Transmitter of each subscriber. In a special embodiment, the apparatus comprises a device according to the invention. an additional encoder arranged in the plate-shaped two-dimensional signal channel with a specified phase distribution of the transmittance and reflectance coefficient downstream of the unit to optimally adapt the spatial spectrum of the two-dimensional signal to the two-dimensional transmission line operator in front of the unit for spatially merging the two-dimensional signal and two-dimensional a receiver signal of each subscriber apparatus comprising, in the two-dimensional signal channel, an additional plate-shaped decoder having a phase distribution of the transmittance and reflectance coefficients, complexly coupled to the transmission function of the encoder.

The transmission line of the device according to the invention is designed as a light guide with reflecting inner walls which ensure the propagation of the two-dimensional signal and the two-dimensional reference signal by their multiple reflection from the light walls. and having a cross-section greater than the aperture of the two-dimensional signal introduced into the light guide.

According to the invention, the light guide is constructed of individual hermetically sealed, adjacent, coaxial and inert gas-filled tube sections with optically transparent flanges.

According to the invention, at least one plate is inserted in the light path according to the invention in the path of propagation of the two-dimensional signal and the two-dimensional reference signal, in which the phase coefficient of transmittance or reflectance in the plate aperture changes. to reduce the effect of regular inhomogeneity of management and to ensure that the information transmitted is removed from the management. any part of the light conduit aperture. Inner surface of the light guide. has periodically repeating optically black portions.

Each controllable insertion unit and the controllable unit for outputting the two-dimensional signal and the two-dimensional reference signal to or from the communication line are implemented as a semipermeable mirror with a displacement mechanism electrically connected to the selector, or as an optical reflector plate which is electrically connected to a selector and an optical light channel with a commutator of corresponding subscriber devices.

The method according to the invention makes it possible to transmit two-dimensional information or two-dimensional images by light signals over distances of several tens and hundreds of kilometers in the event of various accidental distortions in the transmission transmission line. Apparatus for performing the method of the invention allows the transmission of two-dimensional information at optical frequencies, simultaneously among many participants in a multilateral operation ensures low loss in guiding light communications signal transmission line COM ₄ compensates for distortion arising in a media · line and achieves a large transmission capacity. The device according to the invention also enables amplification of the received two-dimensional reference and two-dimensional signals, the confidentiality of the transmitted information, reduces the influence of various factors causing stability disturbances such as propagation, vibration and the like environment parameters. Further advantages of the method and apparatus of the invention will be set forth below.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a device for carrying out a method for transmitting two-dimensional information according to the invention; FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a two-dimensional signal processing unit and a two-dimensional reference signal Fig. 3 is a block diagram of another embodiment of a two-dimensional signal processing unit and a two-dimensional reference signal; Fig. 4 is a block diagram of the apparatus of Fig. 1 with an encoder and a decoder; Fig. 6 shows a multi-mode light guide of the device according to the invention partially in section; Fig. 7 is a cross-section of the light guide in plane VII-VII in Fig. 6; Fig. 9 shows a further embodiment of the light guide in cross-section; Fig. 10 shows a unit built into the light guide for connecting a two-dimensional signal and a two-dimensional reference signal to the light guide or disconnecting from the light guide in partially sectional view; Fig. 11 is a block diagram of the signal processing unit of Fig. 2 for reconstructing the representation of a three-dimensional object from a transmitted two-dimensional hologram; Fig. 13 is a block diagram of the multidimensional light guide with hermetically closed coaxial tube sections; FIG. 3 is a block diagram of the apparatus of FIG. 1 intended to transmit a two-dimensional bar; FIG. 14 is a block diagram of the signal processing unit of FIG. Fig. 15 is an optical diagram of the apparatus of Fig. 1 using the two-dimensional signal and two-dimensional reference signal processing means of Fig. 2, an encoder and a decoder with a given phase distribution of the transmission coefficient and light conduction according to Fig. 6; 15 is an optical scheme of an encoder and a decoder embedded in the apparatus of FIG. 15 having a given phase distribution of the reflection coefficient; and FIG. 17 is an optical scheme of a two-dimensional signal processing unit and a two-dimensional reference signal of FIG.

The method of transmitting two-dimensional information and an object consists in utilizing a two-dimensional signal formed by two-dimensional spatial modulation of the coherence luminous flux and a two-dimensional reference signal separated from the two-dimensional signal by a time interval not exceeding the time instability interval of the communication transmission line. these signals are gradually transmitted. At the output of the communication transmission line, the received two-dimensional signal and the two-dimensional reference signal are jointly processed such that identical distortions of the two-dimensional signal and the two-dimensional reference signal are conditioned by the communication transmission line.

At the output of this communication line, the signal processing according to the first variant of the method according to the invention is co-processed in the following hologram recording of the two-dimensional signal, the signal with respect to the two-dimensional reference signal, temporally and spatially coupled. From this hologram, two-dimensional information transmitted through the reconstruction without distortion is obtained. Accordingly, the two-dimensional signal and the two-dimensional reference signal may be expressed after passing through the communication transmission line by the following equations:

a (x, _y ) = _a ( _x , y) _e V ^x ' ^y) e ^{jw (x} ' ^y) (1) A (x, y) = A (x, y) e ' ^{j <p (x} ' ^y) e ^{jw (x, y)} (2) where α (x, y) and A (x, y) denote the amplitudes of the two-dimensional signal and the two-dimensional reference signal, φ (x, y) and ψ (x, y) phase distribution the two-dimensional signal and the two-dimensional reference signal, _e jw (x, y), the transmission coefficient of the communication line as a distortion environment.

The intensity distribution on the hologram can then be expressed as follows:

J (x, y) = Ia (x, y) e- ^{j (x} ' ^y) е ^ ^(х ' ^у) 4- A (x, y) e- ^{j (p (x} ' ^y) ejw (x, ^y) y) | 2 _ = l (x, y) l ² + IA (x, y) l ² + a (x, y) A * (x, y) + a * (x, y) A (x, y) ) (3)

Therefore, the presence of the distortion medium in the hologram recording is compensated.

From the achieved hologram, undistorted two-dimensional information is obtained during the reconstruction.

In a second variant of the process of the invention, processing of Fourier hologram record signals from the two-dimensional signal and inverse Fourier hologram of the two-dimensional reference signal relative to the additional two-dimensional reference signal is successively modulated by the additional coherence luminous flux through said Fourier holograms. Enables the reconstruction of transmitted two-dimensional information without distortion.

The second variant of the method is based on the approximation of the transmission function of the communication transmission line by the integral expression of the type: _e = £ / ю (х, у) Л (Χ, γ, φ, η) dx dy (4) communication lines to input signal u (x, y), (ф, ^) а (х, у) —coordinates in the input and output plane

Я (х, у, <р, у) —the function that characterizes the characteristics of a particular transmission line (“transmission line operator”)

The integral is set according to the input aperture Ω.

Without losing generality, the scales of the x, y, φ, η axes can be the same, and can also be regarded as equal input and output apertures of the communication line, or the apertures of the units for input and output connections of the subscriber devices can be considered as straight.

The possibility of compensating signal distortion when propagating through the transmission line will be influenced to a decisive extent by the type of function λ (x, y, cp, η).

On the example of communication. the transmission line, which is designed as a light line with a quadratic cross section, it can be easily demonstrated that the "light line operator" L can be represented as a function of linear combinations of variable types (φ + χ), (η + y) ·

Due to multiple reflections on the inner walls of the light guide of the quadratic cross section occurs at. an output cross-section for brightening, which is equivalent to illuminating the cross-section with a plurality of light sources arranged in the input plane of the light guide, determining the arrangement and phase position of the light sources by the number and type of light wave reflections on the light guide walls; lights in a kaleidoscope. Such use of light lines is well known in the theory of high-frequency waveguides, in which the wave propagating in the waveguide is represented as the sum of the waves of a number of discrete sources.

The expression (4) for the light guidance of a quadratic cross-section can be represented in the following form:

ΰ (φ, η) - £ Μ ( ^χ , Υ) A (<-x ,, -y) dxdy +. [JM (x, y) B (£ -xj7 + y) dxdy + £ fm (x, y) C (§ + x, 77 + y) dxdy. + · '+ £ J' _l (x ^, y ^{) D (ξ} + ^x , »- y ^{) d} xdy (5) where A, B, C, D are light guide operator components that correspond to the cross-sectional shape of the light guide components for the light guide of the quadratic cross-section.

In the Fourier transform, the output illumination function δ (φ, η) is obtained taking into account that the sums in equation (5) represent composite functions:

F {# (ξ,?)} = ^ F {<0 (χ ^)) l · JJ ^ {^} ^^ ^-7 { _ft ^ (χ (-y)} F {B} - ^ + F « -Χ, -y)} + F {C + F {ω (-χγ)} F {D} (6)

Taking as a two-dimensional reference signal U _o , which is transmitted through the light guide, the point-of-light signal Uo = δ (x, y) = δ (x = 0, y = 0), ie F (Uq) = 1 , then provides the corresponding output signal, that of its Fourier transform, with the desired information on the light-line parameter between the respective subscriber stations:

F {f} ₀ = F (A) + F (B) + F (C) + F (D) (7)

To simplify the reconstruction of a two-dimensional signal, it may be expedient to make this signal

208918 transmitted in invariant form due to the reflection transformation and thus the change of the x, y axes. For a rectangular light guide, this means that not one image is transmitted, but four images that lie side by side in four quadrants and form a symmetrical image U4 with respect to the x and y axes,

F (U4 (x, y)) = F (U4 (± x, y)) = F {U} (8)

As shown in equations (4) to (8), for reconstructing the received image, the Fourier response to the two-dimensional reference signal must be divided after the Fourier transform of the received two-dimensional signal and the two-dimensional reference signal, and a Fourier retransformation.

To transmit the color information, the two-dimensional signal and the two-dimensional reference signal are additionally formed on at least two other subcarriers. The number of subcarriers can be increased depending on the requirement of which color scale to achieve.

In the described variants of the two-dimensional information transmission method according to the invention, two-dimensional translucent images, photographs and film images, two-dimensional optical modulators by which the transmitted image obtained by illuminating real objects can be recorded can be used.

Another variant of the method according to the invention is possible in which a two-dimensional hologram of a three-dimensional object is used as the object, whereby a three-dimensional image can be obtained after reconstruction. For this purpose, prior to forming the two-dimensional signal, a two-dimensional hologram of the three-dimensional object is pre-recorded and the two-dimensional hologram obtained is used for two-dimensional spatial modulation of coherence luminous flux. object.

To reduce the influence. regular inhomogeneities of the transmission line and allowed the output of the image from any part of the transmission line aperture, the two-dimensional signal is divided. and a two-dimensional reference signal in the broadcast transmission ounce periodically spatially according to the law of randomness.

In the method of the invention, the order of signal transmission and the two-dimensional reference signal is irrelevant.

One variant of the device for transmitting two-dimensional information at optical frequencies, which is an embodiment of the described method of transmitting two-dimensional object information, is shown in Fig. 1.

The device according to the invention comprises a subscriber apparatus 1 in which a coherent luminous flux from the coherent light source 2 is fed sequentially to a transmitter 3, a communication line 4 and a receiver 5.

The transmitter 3 comprises sequentially a coherent luminous flux. a commutator 6 forming two-dimensional coherence pulse signals from a coherent luminous flux according to the two-dimensional reference signal and the two-dimensional signal carrying the transmitted information, the sum duration of these pulse signals not exceeding the temporal instability interval of the communication line 4 and the spatial splitting unit which directs these pulse signals to the two-dimensional reference signal channel and to the two-dimensional signal channel. There is a unit in the 2-D reference channel. 8 'to form a two-dimensional reference signal to which a pulse signal corresponding to the signal distribution unit 7 is supplied. two-dimensional reference signal. In the two-dimensional signal channel there is a modulator 9 to which a pulse signal corresponding to the two-dimensional signal is supplied from the spatial separation unit 7 - signals and modulates the pulse signal with the two-dimensional signal, and the unit 10 for optimally matching the spatial spectrum of the two-dimensional signal to the two-dimensional transmission operator. the function of the communication line 4 to which the signal from the - modulator 9 is transmitted.

In addition, the transmitter 3 comprises further parts which are arranged consecutively in a coherent luminous flux operation, namely a unit 11 for spatially combining the two-dimensional reference signal and the two-dimensional signal to which the two-dimensional reference signal and the two-dimensional signal are supplied from the two-dimensional reference signal channels; a two-dimensional signal, and a controllable unit 12 for introducing the two-dimensional reference signal and the two-dimensional signal supplied from the unit 11 for spatially merging the two signals into the communication transmission line 4.

The receiver 5 comprises in succession a coherent luminous flux controllable unit 13 for outputting the two-dimensional reference signal and the two-dimensional signal from the communication transmission line 4, a commutator 14 which releases the two-dimensional reference signal and the two-dimensional signal. it compensates for distortions induced in the transmitted information by the communication transmission line 4, records this information and reproduces it.

For communication transmission lines, the transmission function of which can be represented by the irregular distortion caused by these lines as the transmission function of the "matrix", it comprises a unit 15 for processing the two-dimensional reference signal and the two-dimensional signal (Fig. 2). flow of the unit 16 for spatially splitting said signals into two-dimensional reference signal channels and a two-dimensional signal which is arranged downstream of the commutator 14. In the two-dimensional reference channel. The signal is a delay unit 17, designed as a delay line and designed to temporally merge the two-dimensional signal and the two-dimensional reference signal.

Delay units 17 for time. combining the two-dimensional signal and the two-dimensional reference signal is possible. with success. can also be used in a two-dimensional signal channel if this signal is transmitted by the communication transmission line before the two-dimensional reference signal.

The two-dimensional signal processing unit 15 and the two-dimensional reference signal unit also comprise further parts arranged in sequence in the path of the coherent luminous flux beam according to the two-dimensional reference signal channels and the two-dimensional signal unit 18 for spatial merging under the two-dimensional reference signal angle. and a two-dimensional signal supplied from these channels, a luminous flux amplifier 19 which is non-coherent in said unit 15, since it is designed to amplify an interference image, i.e. an amplitude image of a light distribution, unit 20 for recording a hologram of a two-dimensional signal. a reference signal, and a unit 21 - for reconstructing transmitted two-dimensional information from a hologram using an additional coherent light source 22, the luminous flux flows to the hologram recording unit 20 of the two-dimensional signal.

For long distance communication links, when the transmission function of the communication link line is not equivalent to the "matrix" transmission function due to distortions caused by that link, the two-dimensional reference signal and the two-dimensional signal processing unit 15 may include additional units, arranged in a row - in. the operation of the coherent luminous flux beams. It is a spatial Fourier transform unit 23, a spatial splitter unit 24 of a two-dimensional reference signal and a two-dimensional signal, a unit 25 for recording an inverse Fourier hologram of a two-dimensional reference signal to which the two-dimensional reference signal from the spatial distribution unit 24 and a Fourier hologram spatial recording unit 26 of a two-dimensional signal to which a two-dimensional signal from said unit 24 passes.

The recording of the Fourier hologram of the two-dimensional signal in the unit 26 and the inverse Fourier hologram of the two-dimensional reference signal in the unit 25 is performed relative to the supplemental reference signal transmitted from the complementary light source 27 producing coherence light. 26, in which it is modulated by a direct and inverse Fourier hologram of the two-dimensional and two-dimensional reference signal, and is routed further to the Fourier luminous flux retransformer unit 28 modulated by said units 25, 26 and 29 to reconstruct the transmitted two-dimensional information from a Fourier hologram coupled through an optical channel to a unit for Fourier modulation of the modulated luminous flux.

When it is necessary to ensure the confidentiality of the information to be transmitted, the transmitter 3 (FIG. 4) additionally comprises an encoder 30 in the Dy channel signal channel 30, with a given phase distribution of the passoff coefficient, or reflection. optimally adapting the spatial spectrum of the two-dimensional signal to the two-dimensional operator of the communication function of the communication line and in front of the unit 11 for spatially merging the two-dimensional reference signal and the two-dimensional. signal. The receiver 5 additionally comprises in the - channel two - dimensional signal a decoder 31 in. A plate-like shape with a phase distribution of the transmission or reflection coefficient, which is complexly associated with the transfer function of the encoder 30.

To ensure the transmission of two-dimensional information among many subscribers, a channel division is used in which each subscriber is given a certain time interval for transmission. If two-dimensional information is to be communicated to two subscribers in an individual case, the device is expanded according to FIG. by the subscriber apparatus 32 (FIG. 5), thereby creating a system which must include a time synchronization unit 33 common to the subscriber apparatuses 1 and 32, and generate synchronization signals for these subscriber apparatuses 1 and 32. The synchronization signals are transmitted by the communication means. a transmission line 34 on a particular light carrier frequency and a unit 35 for introducing a synchronization signal into the communication transmission line 34.

The difference of the light carrier frequency to which the synchronization signals are transmitted from the light carrier frequency of the two-dimensional signal and the two-dimensional reference signal makes it possible. filtering synchronization signals on reception. Synchronization signals represent a periodic sequence of light pulses that form a code - a combination of channel numbers and that include periodic repetitive pulse pulses.

If the transmission duration of the two-dimensional signal and the two-dimensional reference signal is 2 τ, the time interval between adjacent synchronization signals (30 ...... 100) x 2τ may last. Within this time interval, the receiver sets the desired duration of transmission of the information in accordance with the determined number of the coded synchronization signal of the link to the clock pulse.

The synchronization signal release unit comprises, in each receiver 5 of the subscriber apparatuses 1 and 32, a selector 36 to which the synchronization signals are fed from the broadcast transmission line 208918 ky 34 by the synchronization signal output unit 37. The selector 36 decodes the sequences of the coded synchronization signals and forms the control signals for the spatial distribution unit of the two-dimensional reference signal and the two-dimensional signal for the two-dimensional reference signal forming unit 8, for switching the controllable unit 12 for introducing the two-dimensional signal and the two-dimensional reference signal to the communication line 4. controllable units 13 for outputting the two-dimensional signal and the two-dimensional reference signal as well as the commutator 6 and the commutator 14 of the receiver 5 and the transmitter 3, thus providing time division of the respective subscriber apparatus 1 and 32 'to operate the two-dimensional signal processing unit 15; two-dimensional - reference signal.

In order to facilitate the exchange of two-dimensional information between many participants, a system is built from the required number of - subscriber devices according to - the number of participants. In doing so, the construction unit - for time synchronization - must generate synchronization signals for all subscriber devices.

In the apparatus of FIG. 1, synchronization signals are generated for the transmitter 3 in the structural unit 38 and supplied to the commutator 6 for forming the pulsed two-dimensional signal and the two-dimensional reference signal to the signal splitting unit 7 and the two-dimensional signal channel. The synchronization signals for the receiver 5 are generated by the synchronization signal generator 39 and fed to the signal processing unit 15 and to the controllable unit 13 for outputting signals from the communication transmission line 4.

In the two signal processing unit 15 of FIG. 2, the synchronization signals from the synchronization signal generator 39 and the selector 36 proceed to an additional coherence light source 22, a two-dimensional hologram recording unit 20 and a two-dimensional channel splitting unit 16 the reference signal and the two-dimensional signal.

As the transmission lines 4 and 34 for the apparatus of Figs. 1, 4, 5, either free space including a turbulent atmosphere or a light conduit with a plurality of correction lenses can be used.

In the signal processing unit 15 of FIG. 3, the synchronization signals from the synchronization signal generator 39 and the selector 36 proceed to the additional light source 27, the inverse Fourier hologram recording unit 25, the Fourier hologram recording unit 26, and 24 for spatially splitting signals into channels of a two-dimensional reference signal and a two-dimensional signal.

If the transmission of two-dimensional information over long distances is required and large energy losses are not acceptable, the communication system line 40 (Fig. 6), which is designed as a multividual light guide with reflecting inner walls, and the propagation of the two-dimensional the reference signal and the two-dimensional signal are provided by multiple reflections on the light guide walls

40.

The cross-section of the light guide 40 is substantially larger than the aperture of the two-dimensional signal introduced into the light guide 40. The light guide (FIG. 7) has a quadratic cross-section. The light guides (Fig. 8) and 42 (Fig. 9) may have a circular or triangular cross-section. The use of one or the other cross section of the light conduit requires a change in the parameters of the unit 10 to optimally match the spatial spectrum (FIGS. 1,4,5) to the two-dimensional reference signal and the two-dimensional signal of the transmission light operator 40.

The light guide 40 (FIG. 6) has a complex outer shape with curvature at different angles. In the curves of the light guide 40, mirrors 43,44 are built in to maintain small reflection angles of the two-dimensional reference signal and the two-dimensional signal on the walls of the light guide 40.

The effect of interfering light rays, which are reflected on the inner walls of the light guide at greater angles than a given divergent angle, is eliminated by performing periodically arranged optically black sections on the inner surface of the light guide 40 whose cross section is not less than the cross section of the light guide 40 and whose length corresponds to the cross section of the light guide 40 divided by the sine of the divergent beam angle.

The controllable unit 13 for introducing the two-dimensional signal and the two-dimensional reference signal into the light conduit 40 and the controllable unit 13 for extracting said signals from the light conduit 40 are embodied as a semipermeable mirror which guides the two-dimensional signal and the two-dimensional reference signal in one or both directions. In order to minimize interference between the subscriber devices, the cross-sectional area of the mirror is much smaller than the cross-sectional area of the light guide 40. As a result of the signals supplied from the selector 36 which is electrically connected to the generally known mechanism 46 operating positions such that during the breaks of the subscriber apparatus 1 (FIG. 5) or 32, no signal losses are propagated which propagate in the light guide 40 or into its operating position during operation corresponding to his user unit 1 or 32nd

In a second embodiment, each of the controllable units 12 (FIG. 10) and 13 for introducing or discharging the two-dimensional and two-dimensional reference signals into or out of the light line 40 is embodied as an optical reflector plate 47 which is controlled by selector signals 36, electrically coupled to the image plate 47 such that during operation of the corresponding subscriber 1 (FIG. 5) or 32, the reflective plate 47 reflects a two-dimensional reference signal or two-dimensional signal to the commutator 14 input for temporally releasing both signals in the receiver 5 of the same subscriber. In FIG. 10, this position of the reflector plate 47 is indicated by dashed arrows.

In the light guide 40 (FIG. 6), there are between the insertion units 12 and the regulated discharge unit 13 for two-dimensional and two-dimensional; a specific reference signal in or from the light guide 40 incorporates wafers 48 and 49 in which the phase coefficient of transmittance or reflection changes randomly in the aperture of the wafers and which are intended to attenuate the effect of regular light inhomogeneities; the two-dimensional information transmitted from each part of the aperture portion The light guide 40 is selected according to the particular light guide.

The plates 48, 49 can either pass the luminous flux, in which case both the plates 48, 49 are made as optically transmissive or reflect, wherein the plates 48, 49 are designed as a mirror. AND

If the reflector plate 49 has to be installed in a rectilinear section of the light guide 40, an elbow 50 for mounting the reflector plate 49 is assumed in this section. The luminous flux to this elbow 50 is rectified from the light guide 40 by the mirror system 51.

To reduce the influence of environmental factors on transmission quality, which may also lead to thermal and mechanical deformation, the light guide 40 (FIG. 11) is constructed from hermetically sealed, adjacent, coaxial and inert gas 54 filled sections of tube 57 with optically transparent The inert gas 54 may be, for example, argon.

For transmitting images of a three-dimensional object by means of a two-dimensional hologram through a communication transmission line 4 (FIG. 1), 34 (FIG. 5), and light line 40 (FIG. 6), the two-dimensional signal processing unit 15 and the two-dimensional reference signal of FIG. a unit 55 (FIG. 12) for recording a two-dimensional hologram of a three-dimensional object in relation to a reference signal generated by the light source 22. In addition, synchronization signals from the synchronization signal generator 39 and the modulated coherence luminous flux from the unit 20. To record the hologram of the two-dimensional signal, the reconstruction of the transmitted image is performed in the unit 21 to which the signal from the additional unit 55 for recording the hologram of the two-dimensional signal and the two-dimensional reference signal is supplied.

For the same purpose, the signal processing unit 15 of FIG. 3 comprises an additional unit 56 (FIG. 13) for recording two-dimensional holograms of a three-dimensional object in relation to a supplemental reference signal that is supplied from the light source 27. also, the synchronization signals from the synchronization signal generator 39 and the modulated coherence luminous flux from the Fourier transform modulated luminous flux unit 28 are inputted to the two-dimensional holograms of the three-dimensional object. Reconstruction of the transmitted image is performed in the transmitted two-dimensional information reconstruction unit 29, to which a signal from the additional unit 56 is supplied.

To transmit two-dimensional color images, the apparatus of Fig. 4 is equipped with two additional coherence light sources 57, 58 (Fig. 14) whose luminous fluxes transmitted on other color subcarriers are supplied to commutators 59 and 60. Two-dimensional signal and the two-dimensional reference signal, formed on three subcarriers, proceeds to the unit 61 for merging into one optical channel, then proceeding to the unit 7 for spatially splitting the two-dimensional reference signal and the two-dimensional signal into two-dimensional reference signal and two-dimensional signals light source beams.

The two-dimensional signal and two-dimensional reference signal processing unit 15 comprises in this case additional units 62, 63 for splitting the two-dimensional reference signal and the two-dimensional signal into three channels, each of which is designed for one color subcarrier frequency. In conjunction with this arrangement, the two-dimensional signal processing unit 15 includes a complementary unit 64, 65 for spatially combining the two-dimensional reference signal and the two-dimensional signal of the non-coherence amplifier 66, 67 (FIG. 14) to amplify the obtained interference image. for recording holograms of two-dimensional signals in relation to two-dimensional reference signals, additional light sources 70, 71 for producing coherence light at other color subcarriers that correspond to subcarriers of coherence light sources 57 and 58, and a unit 72 for merging images transmitted and reconstructed on three color subcarriers.

A variant of FIG. 4 of the apparatus for carrying out the method according to the invention will be described below, for which a communication line of the transmission line according to FIG. 6 is used as the light line 40. An optical scheme of this apparatus is shown in FIG. 15.

In this scheme, the coherent light source 2 represents a pulsed laser controlled by synchronization signals with a telescopic jig that forms a light beam with a desired cross-section. This source can be designed as a laser

208918 with continuous operation, for example, as a heliumneon laser.

The commutator 6, which causes time modulation of laser radiation to form two-dimensional reference and two-dimensional signal transmissions in accordance with synchronization signals, is a Kerr cell, but can also be implemented as an electro-optical modulator based on the Pockels effect and built on crystals KDP, ADP or other electro-optical materials that are sufficiently fast acting.

The unit 7 for spatially splitting the two-dimensional reference signal and the two-dimensional signal into physically different channels is provided as a single input and two output electro-optic reflective plate in which it is used to deflect a beam of light beams of known electro-optical crystals. The reflective plate can also be built on the basis of an ultrasonic cell, but its rapid action is reduced.

The modulator 9, which modulates a two-dimensional signal from the pulse signal, is designed as a unit for transillumination of cine films or slides, but may also be an electro-optical modulator matrix, electrically controlled transparent image, multi-channel ultrasonic light modulator or modulator based on the known "eidophor" with an oil film or a metallised plastic film whose deformation modulates the luminous flux.

The unit 10 for optimally adapting the spatial spectrum of the two-dimensional signal to the two-dimensional operator of the communication function of the communication line is implemented as a mirror or prism system, for example when the communication line is in the shape of a rectangular tube that quadruples the transmitted image to symmetrical, that is, an even spectrum. In the case of a circular light tube, said unit 10 may consist of conical mirror surfaces or lenses with a conical profile.

The unit 10 is a plate of transparent material with variable optical and physical thickness in the cross-section that varies in both coordinate directions according to the Law of Apparent Randomness, with the smallest thickness change step equal to the dimension of the transmitted image resolution cross-section through the encoder 30 or greater than this element.

In the two-dimensional reference signal channel, the two-dimensional reference signal forming unit 8 is made similar to the two-dimensional signal channel unit 10, and can also be performed as a transparent image with a given amplitude and phase transmittance coefficient distribution, for example as a spherical lens with an aperture in the course of the coherent luminous flux beams to form a two-dimensional reference signal with a spherical phase front.

The spatial merging unit of the two-dimensional signal and the two-dimensional reference signal is a mirror system that conducts the two-dimensional signal and the two-dimensional reference signal into one optical channel. Prisms can be used instead of mirrors.

As a controllable unit 12 for introducing the two-dimensional signal and the two-dimensional reference signal into the transmission line, which in this case is the light line 40, a mechanically controlled, rotatable semipermeable mirror is used as described above. not shown in the drawing, the light pulses are directed to a controllable unit 13 for outputting the two-dimensional signal and the two-dimensional reference signal of the receiver along the light guide axis 40. In the idle state the mirror surface is oriented parallel to the axis of the light guide 40. The communication line may also be implemented as an optical reflective plate.

The communication transmission line is a multividual tube-shaped light guide 40 with ground walls. Free space or correction lens light lines or correction mirror light lines may also be used as communication transmission lines.

For splitting the signals according to the randomness law, there is a plate 48 of transparent material of thickness in the light guide 40 which varies in the cross-section of the plate 48 according to the apparent randomness law similar to the encoder described.

30.

The controllable unit 13 for outputting the two-dimensional signal from the communication transmission line does not show substantially any difference from the controllable unit 12 for inserting the two-dimensional signal α, the two-dimensional reference signal into the communication line and can be composed of said elements, i.e. electromagnetically controlled semipermeable mirrors or optical reflectors. platiček.

The commutator 14, which causes the transmission of the two-dimensional signal and the two-dimensional reference signal intended for the respective subscriber, is identical in design to the commutator 6 of the transmitter 3, but may vary somewhat so that the received signal exhibits substantially less power and it is possible to reduce the requirements for structural elements, electro-optical crystals.

In the respective optical scheme, the two-dimensional signal processing unit 15 and the two-dimensional reference signal processing unit 15 are implemented according to FIG. 2.

The spatial distribution unit 16 of the signals into the two-dimensional signal channel and into the two-dimensional reference signal channel is a controlled reflective plate and may be performed in accordance with the described spatial distribution unit 7.

The decoder 31 differs from the encoder 30 only in that the law of changing the optical thickness of the cross-section is complexly associated with the law of changing the optical thickness of the encoder 30, i.e. the thickness increase in the encoder 30 corresponds to the reduction of the optical thickness in the decoder 31.

The delay unit 17 for combining the two-dimensional and two-dimensional reference signals is a group of mirrors 73 that reflect the beam of light _t several times from input to output at a distance of optical path length corresponding to the desired signal delay. The delay line also includes spherical lenses 74 for correcting the phase front, the focal length of which is adapted to the length of the optical path of the signal in the delay unit 17 so that the light distribution in the cross-section of the input and output of the delay unit is identical. Instead of mirrors, a prism unit 17 with internal total reflection can be used.

The spatial merging unit of the two-dimensional signal and the two-dimensional reference signal is similar to that of the spatial merging unit of the two-dimensional signal and the two-dimensional reference signal, namely a mirror or prism system. In contrast to the unit 11, the adjustment of the optical elements in the unit 18 is effected by applying the two-dimensional reference signal and the two-dimensional signal to the output cross-section of the unit from different directions as required when recording holograms with a reference wave.

The non-burst luminous flux amplifier 19 is designed as an electron-optical transducer whose photocathode is located in the output plane of the spatial merging unit of the two-dimensional signal and the two-dimensional reference signal.

The two-dimensional hologram recording unit 20 is a known unit having a photoelectric resistance layer influenced by light radiation and an adjacent Seignettodielectric, in which the light scattering coefficient that strikes its surface varies according to the distribution of the electrical voltage. The two-dimensional signal hologram recording unit 20 may also be based on known photochromatic materials in which the absorption spectrum changes by irradiation, or on the basis of elastomeric materials in which electric field or deformation occurs. of crystals.

The additional coherence light source 22 is a pulsed laser with a telescopic device for forming the desired cross-section of the light beam, but it can be designed in the same way as the light source 2 as a continuous operation laser.

The unit for reconstructing the transmission of the two-dimensional information 3 of the holograms is intended for photographic registration and is designed as a camera or a film camera, but may also be a screen with an optical system for visual observation.

In the variant of FIG. 16, the encoder 30 and the decoder 31 are configured as metal or metallized mirror plates on which the luminous flux is directed through the auxiliary mirrors 75 and 76. The relief of the surface of the light reflecting plate is shaped according to the law of apparent randomness and the width of the spatial signal spectrum after passing the encoder 30.

In a second embodiment (FIG. 17), the two-dimensional signal processing unit 15 and the two-dimensional reference signal unit 23 comprise a spatial Fourier transform of the two-dimensional signal and the two-dimensional reference signal as an objective, a spatial distribution unit of said signals. Reflective Control Plate, Inverse Fourier Hologram Recording Unit 25, and Fourier Hologram Recording Unit 26 similar to those described above for hologram recording, except that one of these units sets the recording mode to perform inverse recording and that it comprises an additional coherence light source 27 similar to that described above, a unit 28 for the Fourier retransformation of the modulated luminous flux 23 for the spatial transformation of both said signals. as well as a series of mirrors 77 or prisms which provide the desired beam removal between the units. The modulated luminous flux Fourier retransformer unit 29 is shown. Fig. 17 is similar to the described unit 21 for reconstructing the transmission of two-dimensional information from the hologram.

The clear optical scheme for the transmission of spatial and color images is a repetition of the scheme described except for the obvious additions in accordance with FIGS. 12, 13 and 14.

All of the above optical elements are generally known and have been described in the literature.

The two-dimensional information transmission apparatus at the optical frequencies of the invention operates as follows.

The coherence luminous flux proceeds from the coherence light source (Fig. 1) to the commutator 6 of the transmitter 3, in which two two-dimensional pulse signals are formed in each working cycle at a given clock frequency corresponding to the two-dimensional reference signal and the two-dimensional signal. The formation of these pulse signals is accomplished by amplitude modulation of the light produced by the source 2, wherein the duration of each pulse signal is usually equal to or greater than the interval of the signal dispersion when the signal passes through the respective communication line 4. than the characteristic instability time of the communication link parameters - see the numerical example below. The transmission of the light of the two-dimensional reference signal may comprise several successive times

208918 pulses. The light signals produced, which represent amplitude-modulated two-dimensional light pulses, i.e. light pulses and given a fixed amplitude and phase distribution in the luminous flux cross-section, proceed in spreading light to the spatial distribution unit of the two signals. consent to the control synchronization signals common to the respective transmitter 3 into two in the space of physically different channels, the two-dimensional reference signal channel and the two-dimensional signal channel. In said unit 7 it is also possible to simultaneously form said cross sections of light signals.

The two-dimensional light pulse signal propagating in the two-dimensional reference signal channel is modulated in amplitude and phase in the two-dimensional reference signal forming unit 8 to produce the desired two-dimensional, for example spherical phase distribution, in the luminous flux cross-section. If the two-dimensional reference signal consists of a series of pulses, a different amplitude-phase distribution can be set for each pulse.

The two-dimensional light pulse signal propagating in the two-dimensional signal channel proceeds sequentially by the modulator 9, in which the amplitude and phase are modulated in the luminous flux cross-section by the running two-dimensional signal, and then by the unit 10 for optimizing the spatial spectrum of the two-dimensional signal. In the transmission function operator of the communication line 4, in which the additional set spatial amplitude-phase modulation of the two-dimensional pulse signal occurs, for example, the conversion of the two-dimensional signal into a kind of signal with a symmetrical spatial spectrum.

After passing through the two-dimensional reference signal and two-dimensional signal channels, the two-dimensional light pulses proceed to the individual inputs of the spatial merging unit of the two-dimensional signal and the two-dimensional reference signal in which they are fed to a single optical channel.

From the output of the spatial merging unit of the two-dimensional signal and the two-dimensional reference signal, the two-dimensional signal and the two-dimensional reference signal are fed to a controllable unit 12 for introducing the two-dimensional and two-dimensional reference signals into the communication transmission line 4. transferring the controlled elements of the unit 12 to an operating position and adjusting the operating state in which the two-dimensional signal and the two-dimensional reference signal applied to the input of said controllable unit 12 are directed along the axis of the communication transmission line 4 to the subscriber receiver 5. After the transmission, i.e., after these signals have been passed through the controllable unit 12, the elements of the unit are brought into a rest state, in which minimal disturbances of signal propagation in the communication transmission line 4 occur.

Therefore, each cycle of information transmission includes duration. propagation of light in the emitter 3, and typically substantially greater time to set the control elements of said control unit 12 into an operating position and to bring them to a rest operating state.

The two-dimensional reference signal and the two-dimensional signal introduced into the communication line 4 are propagated therein towards the subscriber apparatus and are subject to the type of communication line and quality. its execution by characteristic transformations such as attenuation, spatial modulation distortion, spatial spectrum distortion and temporal dispersion.

For receiving the signals, the timing of the controlled elements of the control unit 13 for timing the two-dimensional signal and the two-dimensional reference signal to the operating position is performed in the receiver 5 by synchronization signals so as to allow a portion of the luminous flux to be diverted from the communication transmission line. 4 to the receiver 5.

The pulses from the two-dimensional reference signal and the two-dimensional signal removed from the communication transmission line 4 by the controllable signaling unit 13 proceed to a commutator 14 which sorts the two-dimensional reference signal and the two-dimensional signal of the transmitter 3 for the receiver 5 of the subscriber. The divided two-dimensional light signals are fed to a signal processing unit 15, in which the distortion caused by the communication transmission line is compensated by co-processing the two-dimensional reference signal and the two-dimensional signal.

In the signal processing unit 15 (FIG. 2), in the spatial signal splitting unit 16, the received two-dimensional reference and two-dimensional signals are divided into spatially separated channels, whereupon one of these signals in turn is input to the delay unit 17 for input. time combining the two-dimensional signal and the two-dimensional reference signal, wherein when passing through one of said signals, a phase correction of the wave front is required, which is required relative to the additional light signal path in said delay unit 17.

A time-sedated two-dimensional reference signal and a two-dimensional signal advancing to the inputs of the spatial merging unit 18 of said two signals in which both light beams corresponding to the two-dimensional signal and the two-dimensional reference signal are seduced in the spatial region to at the output of said unit 18, formed an interference image, i.e., a hologram of the received two-dimensional signal relative to the received two-dimensional reference signal. This reference image (amplitude distribution), which is obtained at the input of the non-coherence luminous flux amplifier 19 fed to the input of said unit. 18, after amplification is recorded in the hologram recording unit of the two-dimensional signal. The hologram recorded in said unit 20 is illuminated at the times required to reproduce the received information by the coherence supplementary light source 22, and the reconstructed image from the hologram is registered in the reconstructing unit 21 for transmitting two-dimensional information from the hologram. The units 22, 20, 19, 16 are controlled according to the synchronization signals that are supplied to them.

In the two-dimensional and two-dimensional reference signal processing unit 15 shown in FIG. 3.17, the received two-dimensional and two-dimensional reference signals received from the other pulse signals are forwarded to the spatial Fourier transform unit 23 of said signals in which the signals are transformed. The two-dimensional signal and the two-dimensional reference signal after the Fourier transform are fed from the output of said unit 23 to the unit 24, which, in accordance with the incoming control signals, i.e. synchronization signals, divides the pulsed Fourier transformed signals, namely the two dimensional signal and the two dimensional useful signal into two physically different spatial channels.

The spectra of the split two-dimensional reference signal and the two-dimensional signal are recorded in inverse Fourier hologram recording units 25 and Fourier hologram recording units on separate operational information carriers, the two-dimensional reference signal recording being inverted to allow dividing the spectrum of the two-dimensional signal of the reference signal. Recording is performed at the times at which the two-dimensional reference and two-dimensional signals arrive, using a portion of the coherent luminous flux from the supplementary source 27 to record.

The recorded Fourier holograms of the two-dimensional reference and two-dimensional signals received in a given duty cycle and hence in a time interval are illuminated by the coherent luminous flux from the supplementary light source 27, and the resulting luminous flux is applied to the unit 28. for Fourier luminous flux retransformation and then forward to the unit 29 for reconstructing the transmitted two - dimensional information from. Fourier hologram. The selection of information from the recorded Fourier holograms may be performed at intervals of time from the end of the fixation of the hologram to the start of the preparation of said two-dimensional signal receiving units 25 and 26 following subsequent duty cycles.

The apparatus according to the invention and shown in FIGS. 4,15,16, which comprises an encoder 30 and a decoder 31 to conceal the transmission, exhibits the following differences in its operating mode. In transmission, the luminous flux resulting from the modulation of the pulsed signal by a two-dimensional signal is passed through the encoder 30 and the aforementioned units according to their working order. On reception, when the two-dimensional reference signal and the two-dimensional signal are divided into physically different spatial channels, the selected two-dimensional signal is additionally passed through the decoder 31, and then passes this signal through the above-calculated devices according to their operating sequence described.

In the case of multiple communication links between two or more subscribers according to FIG. 5, the operation of the transmitter 3 and the receiver 5 does not differ from the described operating method. The subscriber apparatus, which in this case comprises a synchronization signal exiting unit 37 and a selector 36, is controlled in accordance with the code transmissions of the pulse pulses from the time synchronization unit 33. The operation is carried out in the following order. The synchronization signals generated in the unit 33 modulate the light carrier in this unit and proceed continuously through the unit 35 for introducing the synchronization signals into the communication transmission line 34. The unit 37 for extracting synchronization signals from the communication transmission line 34 removes continuously from the communication transmission line 34 a portion of the energy of the synchronization signals transmitted by the transmission line at a certain frequency. The selector 36 decodes the signals supplied from said unit 35 and forms the control signals required for operation, namely, to turn on and off all the electrically controlled units of the transmitter 3 and the receiver 5 of the subscriber 32. Select the necessary time channel for communication and to determine the direction and transmissions are performed by setting corresponding code combinations and decoding the selector 36.

When the light line 40 (FIG. 6) is used as communication transmission lines, the two-dimensional signal and the two-dimensional reference signal are introduced into the light line 40 parallel to its optical axis. The two-dimensional signal and two-dimensional reference signal unit 12 and the semipermeable mirror operating element thereof are transferred in time, before the two-dimensional reference signal and the two-dimensional signal are applied, by the slider 46 to the operating position. In FIG. 6, the working position of the mirror is indicated by a dashed line when the desired direction of transmission or reception of signals is changed. Similarly, the mirror of the signal delivery unit 13 is adjusted in time, before the signals are delivered to the subscribers, to an operable controllable position.

When propagating a two-dimensional signal and a two-dimensional reference signal in the direction of the axis of the light line 40, these signals are reflected many times on the reflecting inner walls of the light line 40. If the minimum tripping element in the transmitted signals is satisfied light waves, the waves fall on the walls of the light

The 208918 guides 40 vigorously at an angle of several degrees. As is well known, there is very little loss of reflection on the light beams, even though the inner walls of the light guide do not show any special coatings.

When light is propagated in a long light guide, multiple reflections can lead to undesirable luminous flux concentrations at one of the walls of the light guide at a particular point in the line, not taking into account the ideal light guide design. Taking into account the probability of this phenomenon, a plate 48 with a seemingly random phase distribution of the transmittance coefficient and a plate 49 with a similar reflection coefficient are incorporated into the light conduit 40. As it passes through these plates 48, 49, the luminous flux extends again over the entire cross section of the light conduit 40. Signals that, for whatever reason, began to propagate at greater angles of incidence than a few degrees, disperse strongly over time and may form an undesirable background. These rays are removed as light passes optically through black sections 45 of light guide 40. In areas where light guide 40 'changes steeply, light is reflected from mirrors 41, 44 and 51, thus ensuring compliance with the condition that the luminous flux is moving along the axis of the light guide 40.

In a variant of the light guide 52 (FIG. 11), which consists of individual hermetically sealed sections of the tube 53 with flanges 54, the light guide 52 shows no differences from the described method. The presence of gaps at the contact points of the individual tube sections 53 increases the energy attenuation somewhat.

The use of the light guides 40 (FIG. 7), 41 (FIG. 8), 42 (FIG. 9) with different cross-sectional shapes does not cause any changes in the way the light pulse propagates in the light guide and the efficiency of the individual light guide elements described above.

When controllable insertion units 12 and controllable units 13 for outputting the two-dimensional signal and the two-dimensional reference signal of the optical reflector plates 47 of FIG. 10 are used, the selectors 36, in a timely manner before the reference signal arrives, wherein the deflection of the luminous flux incident on the input aperture of these plates 47 is at an angle sufficient to introduce or output signals to the light conduit 40 or 3 of the conduit. In the off-mode standstill, a portion of the reflector plate 47 that is within the light guide 40 transmits the luminous flux in the light guide 40 with little loss and phase-face distortion outside the respective subscriber apparatus.

When transmitting spatial images, the two-dimensional hologram of the transmitted three-dimensional object serves as the transmission object. When reconstructing the display of this object upon reception, the received units are recorded in the recording units

The reconstructed hologram (Fig. 12, 13) is illuminated after fixation and is illuminated by the coherent luminous flux of an additional light source 22 or 27 to observe the spatial image.

Spatial image reproduction can be performed over a period of time from the time of hologram fixation to the start of preparation of the corresponding recording unit for the new duty cycle.

If communication transmission lines 4 (FIG. 14) are to be used for transmitting color images, the subscriber apparatus 1 operates as follows.

On each of the three color carriers produced by the light sources 2,57,58, two-dimensional pulse transmissions of the two-dimensional and two-dimensional reference signals are formed in commutators 6, 59, 60, wherein the pairs of pulse signals of each color lie on the pair of pulses of the other color. x 2 = 6 consecutive pulses, which in the unit 61 physically connect to one optical channel. Thereafter, in the unit 7, three two-dimensional signals and three two-dimensional reference signals are divided into physically different channels. In the two-dimensional signal channel, the color pulse signals in the modulator are modulated with two-dimensional signals, each color pulse signal being the same color signal. In the two-dimensional reference signal channel, the two-dimensional reference signal forming unit 8 performs the desired spatial modulation of the three reference signals that run through the unit.

In unit 11 for. spatially combining the two-dimensional signal and the two-dimensional reference signal, the formed two-dimensional and two-dimensional reference signals merge into one optical channel. Further routing of said signals through the communication transmission line 4 shows no differences from the described signal passage.

The received signals are divided in the spatial distribution unit of the two-dimensional and two-dimensional reference signals into a group of three two-dimensional reference signals and a group of three two-dimensional signals. When one of the signal groups has passed through the delay unit 17 for time merging the two-dimensional signal and the two-dimensional reference signal, the color carriers for the two-dimensional and two-dimensional reference signals are split in the units 62 and 63. The two-dimensional reference signal and the two-dimensional signal of the same color are spatially merged by units 18, 64, 65. The generated interference image hologram is amplified and recorded in units 20, 68, 69.

Additional coherence light sources oscillating on the three color carriers 22, 70, 71 illuminate the recorded holograms, each light source illuminating the hologram of the corresponding color and undistorted two-dimensional signals merged spatially by the unit 72. The generated color image is registered by the reconstructing unit 21 to transmit two dimensional information from the hologram .

An exemplary embodiment of a device for implementing the method according to the invention using a communication transmission line, which is implemented as a multividual light line, is described below.

When the dimensions of the transmitted image are, for example, 24 x 36 mm, it is possible to use a light guide 40 (Fig. 15) in the form of a tube with well reflecting inner walls with a diameter of, e.g.

The resolution of the transmitted image is 2.4 x, 10 ~ ³ cm. The divergence of the light beam, as wide as the distinguishing element, results in one part of the beams moving in the light guide 40 'in a straight line and the other part propagating due to the reflection on the walls of the light guide 40, although this guide shows no curvature.

If the degree of wall mirroring equals 0.999 microns, which is quite real in the case of inclined incidence of light even without special wall coatings, an equivalent attenuation occurs after about 1000 reflections.

The length of the beam path 1 up to the first reflection can be determined from the formula

1- ^2dD

A (9) in which d - the dimension of the distinguishing element denotes D - the diameter of the light guide 40 and λ - the wavelength of the light carrier.

Pro, d = 2.4 - 10 ~ 3 cm, D - 30 cm and λ = 0.6. 10 ⁴ cm is equal to a beam path of 124 m. This results in a triple signal attenuation at a distance of about 24 km = 103 l.

The minimum duration of the transmitted signals depends on the transmission distance, the diameter of the light line 40 and the number of signal reflections in the light line; including reflections that occur due to the curvature of the light guide and the non-ideal design of the inner surfaces of the light guide. The transmitted light impulse takes on flowing shapes during the transmission time, since the rays, which show different numbers of reflections on the walls, run in different lengths of paths. The maximum increase in the path of propagation (Δ L) of a beam reflecting on the walls relative to a rectilinear beam can be obtained from the formula

AT

AL =, 7 ^{8d2 (} 10 ⁾ in which L denotes the length of the light guide 40.

For L = 24, km, λ = 0.6. 104 cm ad = 2.4. 10 ” ³ cm is the maximum propagation path extension of about 2 m. This path extension determines the minimum duration of the relevant signals, which in the present case is based on 0.33.10” ⁸ s for a 1 m light passage of about 0, <65.10'8 with. equal if the time interval between two-dimensional and two-dimensional reference signal of 10 ^_ 8 reaches the cumulative duration of transmission informřace, including two-dimensional and two-dimensional reference signal γ of about - 2.3. If the interval between the two-dimensional reference signal and the two-dimensional signal equals 10 '8 s, the communication line of 24 km length shall be permitted from a material whose temperature coefficient is 5. 10 ^{4 4} , temperature change rate over 1 degree / s, with a phase ramp of 36 °. This value exceeds real ambient temperature changes.

With an estimated resolution of 2.4 - 10 " ³ cm, which corresponds to an image sharpness of 1000 lines at an image format of 24 X 36 mm 2, the transmission line transmission capacity is about 4.10 ⁷ images per second. This makes it possible to transmit about 16,105 black and white TV programs and about 5,105 color TV programs with an image sharpness for each color of 1000 lines at 25 Hz single light transmission.

If he takes. With respect to the transmitted spectrum of frequencies Δ f - 2 / τ 10 ⁸ Hz, it is possible to use in addition to time multiplex and frequency multiplex method for splitting transmission channels. In this case, the transmission line transmitting capability for the visible range of electromagnetic radiation reaches a value of ² bit / sec or more.

Claims (18)

SUBJECT 1. A method of transmitting two-dimensional object information by a two-dimensional signal spaced by coherent luminous flux, characterized in that the two-dimensional signal is transmitted in parallel, wherein all points of the two-dimensional signal are simultaneously transmitted and the distortion caused by the two-dimensional signal transmission is compensated by line, following the two-dimensional signal in a time sequence that is less than the duration of the temporal instability of the communication transmission line, and at the receiving point, the two-dimensional signal and the two-dimensional reference signal are processed together with compensation for identical distortions of the two-dimensional signal and the two-dimensional reference signal caused by the transmission line. 2. The method of claim 1 wherein co-processing the two-dimensional signal and the two-dimensional reference signal is accomplished by temporally and spatially merging the received two-dimensional signal and the two-dimensional reference signal and recording the two-dimensional signal hologram in relation to the received two-dimensional reference signal. The hologram receives the transmitted two-dimensional information without distortion during the reconstruction process. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein co-processing the two-dimensional signal and the two-dimensional reference signal is accomplished by recording the Fourier hologram of the two-dimensional signal and the inverse Fourier hologram of the two-dimensional reference signal. followed by Fourier luminous flux retransformation, In transmitting spatial, i.e., holographic images, the use of three discrete color carriers in the contemplated embodiment provides the ability to pass about 600 channels at an image sharpness of 1000 lines in all directions of coordinates. Based on the method of the present invention and the apparatus for carrying out the method, it is possible to provide an optical message transmission system that opens up new, yet unknown possibilities for transmitting two-dimensional information over long distances, with an extremely high throughput capability known and evolved with the systems found cannot be achieved. The creation of such communication transmission systems provides for the first time possibilities of realization, for example video telephone connections for masses of people already in the present state of the art, transmission of spatial ie holographic images on television, ensuring complete confidentiality of information transmission. OF THE INVENTION wherein the transmitted two-dimensional information is undisturbedly reconstructed. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the display elements of the two-dimensional signals and the two-dimensional reference signals on the communication transmission line are periodically divided in a space according to the law of randomness. 5. The method of claims 1 to 4, wherein the two-dimensional signals and the two-dimensional reference signals are additionally formed on at least two subcarriers. 6. A method according to claim 1, wherein the two-dimensional hologram of the three-dimensional object is first recorded and the two-dimensional hologram obtained is used for two-dimensional spatial modulation of the coherence luminous flux and additional spatial image reconstruction is performed in the two-dimensional signals and two-dimensional reference signals. object from - obtained hologram. A device for transmitting two-dimensional information for carrying out the method according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises a coherent light source (2) which is connected to a transmitter (3) consisting of a commutator (6) for forming successive two-dimensional coherence pulse signals from a coherent luminous flux corresponding to a two-dimensional signal and a two-dimensional reference signal coupled to a spatial signal splitting unit (7) connected both to the two-dimensional reference signal forming unit (8) and the modulator (9) connected to a unit (10) for optimally adapting the spatial spectrum of the two-dimensional signal to a two-dimensional operator of the transmission function of a communication line (4), the unit (10) for optimally adapting the spatial spectrum of the two-dimensional signal spatially combining the two-dimensional signal and the two-dimensional reference signal to a controllable unit (12) for introducing the two-dimensional signal and the two-dimensional reference signal into a communication transmission line (4), the communication transmission line (4) being connected to a receiver (5) comprising 13) for outputting a two-dimensional signal and a two-dimensional reference signal, which is connected both via a commutator (14) to the signal processing unit (15) and via a synchronization signal generator (39) to the signal processing unit (15). Apparatus according to claim 7, characterized in that the two-dimensional signal and two-dimensional reference signal processing unit (15) consists of a unit (16) for spatially splitting these signals into a two-dimensional reference signal channel and a two-dimensional signal channel connected to the unit. 18) for spatially combining a two-dimensional signal and a two-dimensional reference signal in one of these channels, from a delay unit (17) to temporally merge the signal and a reference signal connected between the spatial distribution unit of the two-dimensional signal and the two-dimensional reference signal and the unit (18) ) for spatially combining the two-dimensional signal and the two-dimensional reference signal, further comprising a two-dimensional signal hologram recording unit (20) connected to the two-dimensional information reconstruction unit from the hologram using an additional light source (22). Device according to claim 8, characterized in that the two-dimensional signal and two-dimensional reference signal processing unit (15) additionally comprises a non-coherence luminous flux amplifier (19) arranged directly behind the two-dimensional signal and two-dimensional spatial merging unit (18). and is connected to the unit (18) as well as the unit (20) for recording the hologram of the two-dimensional signal via optical light channels. Device according to claim 7, characterized in that the unit (15) for processing the two-dimensional signal and the two-dimensional reference signal consists of members arranged in series and connected by an optical light channel, namely a spatial Fourier transform unit (23). connected to a unit (24) for spatially splitting said signals into a two-dimensional signal channel and a two-dimensional reference signal channel, from an inverse Fourier hologram reference signal recording unit (25), from a two-dimensional Fourier hologram Fourier hologram recording unit (26); (25, 26) are connected by optical channels to a spatial signal splitting unit (24) as well as from an additional coherence light source (27) connected by optical light channels to a Fourier hologram recording unit (26) and an inverse recording unit (25) Fourier and a hologram, further comprising a unit (28) for modulating the luminous flux of the modulated luminous flux connected by the optical channel to the unit (25) for recording the inverse Fourier hologram and a unit (29) for reconstructing the transmitted two-dimensional information from the Fourier hologram 28) for Fourier retransformation of the modulated luminous flux. Device according to Claims 7 to 10, characterized in that it comprises at least one subscriber apparatus (32) which is connected by a common communication transmission line (34) to the first subscriber apparatus (1) and the time synchronization unit (33) for all subscriber devices (1,32) connected by an optical channel to the communication transmission line (34), and in each receiver (5) of each subscriber apparatus (1, 32) a selector (36) connected by an optical light channel to the communication transmission line is connected line (34) and electrically commutator (14). Device according to Claims 7 to 11, characterized in that the transmitter (3) of each subscriber apparatus (1, 32) comprises an additional encoder (30) arranged in a two-dimensional plate-shaped signal channel with a specified phase distribution of the transmission and reflection coefficients. downstream of the unit (10) for optimally matching the spatial spectrum of the two-dimensional signal to the two-dimensional transmission operator of the communication link in front of the two-dimensional signal and the two-dimensional reference signal unit (11); in the two-dimensional signal channel, an additional plate-shaped decoder (31) with a phase distribution of the transmittance and reflectance coefficient, complexly coupled to the transmission function of the encoder (30). Apparatus according to Claims 7 to 12, characterized in that the communication transmission line (4) is designed as a light guide (40) with reflecting inner walls, to ensure the propagation of the two-dimensional signal and the two-dimensional reference signal by their multiple reflection from the wall 40) and having a cross section greater than the aperture of the two-dimensional signal introduced into the light guide (40). Apparatus according to claim 13, characterized in that the light guide (40) is made up of individual hermetically sealed, adjacent, coaxial and inert gas-filled (54) sections of the tube (52) with optically transparent flanges (53). Apparatus according to claims 13 and 14, characterized in that at least one plate (48, 49) is inserted in the light path (40) in the path of propagation of the two-dimensional signal and the two-dimensional reference signal, reflectance in the aperture of the wafer (48, 49), which is intended to reduce the effect of regular inhomogeneity of the light guide (40) and to ensure that the transmitted information is routed from any part of the cross section of the light guide (40). Apparatus according to claims 13 to 15, characterized in that the inner surface of the light guide (40) has periodically repeating optically black sections (45). Apparatus according to claims 11 to 16, characterized in that each controllable insertion unit (12) and each controllable unit (13) for outputting the two-dimensional signal and the two-dimensional reference signal to or from the communication line (4). ) is formed as a half mirror displacing mechanism (46) which is electrically connected with the selector (36) · _a Device according to claims 11 to 16, characterized in that each controllable insertion unit (12) and each controllable unit (13) for outputting the two-dimensional signal and the two-dimensional reference signal to or from the communication transmission line (4) is the optical reflector plate (47) is electrically connected to the selector (36) and the optical light channel to the commutator (14) of the receiver (5) of the corresponding subscriber devices (1, 32).