CS205389B1 - Ceramic materialfor aluminium manufacture electrolyzers - Google Patents
Ceramic materialfor aluminium manufacture electrolyzers Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CS205389B1 CS205389B1 CS275078A CS275078A CS205389B1 CS 205389 B1 CS205389 B1 CS 205389B1 CS 275078 A CS275078 A CS 275078A CS 275078 A CS275078 A CS 275078A CS 205389 B1 CS205389 B1 CS 205389B1
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- CS
- Czechoslovakia
- Prior art keywords
- ceramic
- weight
- materialfor
- electrolyzers
- alumina
- Prior art date
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- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 title claims description 12
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 6
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 6
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 title 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium trioxide Inorganic materials O=[Cr](=O)=O WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940117975 chromium trioxide Drugs 0.000 claims 1
- GAMDZJFZMJECOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium(6+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Cr+6] GAMDZJFZMJECOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 11
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 11
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 7
- VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Al](Cl)Cl VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 6
- 229910000423 chromium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000004580 weight loss Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 4
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- PHFQLYPOURZARY-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium trinitrate Chemical compound [Cr+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O PHFQLYPOURZARY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 description 2
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BNGXYYYYKUGPPF-UHFFFAOYSA-M (3-methylphenyl)methyl-triphenylphosphanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CC1=CC=CC(C[P+](C=2C=CC=CC=2)(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 BNGXYYYYKUGPPF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003915 air pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001514 alkali metal chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001570 bauxite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003411 electrode reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000289 melt material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005979 thermal decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- Compositions Of Oxide Ceramics (AREA)
Description
Vynález aa týká keramickéj hmoty pre elektrolyzéry na výrobu hliníka elektrolýzou chloridových tavenín.The invention aa relates to a ceramic mass for electrolysers for the production of aluminum by the electrolysis of chloride melts.
Vzhladom na stále sa znižujúce celosvětové zásoby bauxitu sa výskům v oblasti elektrolytické j výroby hliníka zameriava na chloridová elektrolýzu, ktorá umožňuje využitie menej hodnotných hlinitých surovin. Táto nová technologie je založená na elektrolýze chloridu hlinitého rozpuštěného v zmesi chloridov alkalických kovov. Medzi přednosti tohto spósobu výroby oproti doterajšiemu patři znížená spotřeba elektrickej energie, malé znečistenie ovzdušia a nižšie nároky na obsluhu zariadenia. Elektrolyzér sa skládá z ocelového plášťa vymurovaného teplotně izolujúcim a nevodivým žiarúvzdorným materiálem, ktorý by odolával korozívnemu účinku elektrolytu. Potřeba korozívne vysoko odolného žiaruvzdorného materiálu vyplývá z požiadavky velmi nízkej koncentrácie nečistót v elektrolyte, nejmS kysličníkov a hydroxidov, ktoré podliehajú elektródovej reakcii a vedú k zvýšenému opotřebovanou anod a tým k zníženiu životnosti elektrolyzéra. Vyzrážanie nerozpustných oxyehloridov vedie k tvorbě kalu, ktorý sťažuje obsluhu zariadenia. Z literatúry nie je známe zloženie materiálu, použitého na vymurovanie elektrolyzéra. Předpokládá sa, že ide o materiál na báze nitridu kremíka, ktorého použitie je však ekonomicky nevýhodné.Given the ever-decreasing global reserves of bauxite, the focuses on aluminum electrolytic production are focused on chloride electrolysis, which allows the use of less valuable aluminum raw materials. This new technology is based on the electrolysis of aluminum chloride dissolved in a mixture of alkali metal chlorides. The advantages of this method of production compared to the previous one are reduced electricity consumption, low air pollution and lower demands on equipment operation. The electrolyzer consists of a steel sheath coated with a heat-insulating and non-conductive refractory material that would withstand the corrosive effect of the electrolyte. The need for a corrosion-resistant refractory material results from the requirement for very low levels of electrolyte impurities, in particular oxides and hydroxides, which undergo an electrode reaction and lead to increased wear and tear anodes and thus to a decrease in the life of the electrolyzer. The precipitation of insoluble oxyehlorides leads to the formation of sludge which makes it difficult for the operator to operate. It is not known from the literature on the composition of the material used for the electrolysis cell. It is believed to be a silicon nitride based material, but its use is economically disadvantageous.
Uvedené nedostatky odstraňuje keramická hmota podlá vynálezu na výmurovku elektrolyzéra, ktorej podstata spočívá v tom, že pozostáva z tuhého roztoku, kysličníka chromíté ho s obsahom 0 až 90 hmotnostných % kysličníka hlinitého, s výhodou 60 hmotnostných % kyslič205 389The above-mentioned drawbacks are remedied by the ceramic mass according to the invention for the lining of an electrolyser, which consists of a solid solution of chromium oxide containing 0 to 90% by weight of alumina, preferably 60% by weight of oxygen205 389
205 389 nixa cnromitého a 40 hmotnostných % kysličníka hlinitého. Keramická hmota mfiže byť připravená aj z čistého kysličníka chromitého. . .205 389 nixa of chromium and 40% by weight of alumina. The ceramic mass can also be prepared from pure chromic oxide. . .
Použitie tohto materiálu umožňuje dosiahnuť dostatočne dlhú Životnost výmurovky elektrolyzéra pri pracovnej teplote 700 až 750 °C v dfisledku jeho vznikajúcej koróznej odolnosti voči taveninám. Jeho dobrá korózna odolnost sa zachovává aj pri použití eloktrolytov s prídavkom fluoridov. Korózna odolnost keramických materiálov voči chloridovým taveninám obsahujúcich chlorid hlinitý sa ověřila skúškami a porovnala sa s koróznou odolnosťou nitridu kremíka Si^N^. Na skúšobnom teliesku z nitridu kremíka sa pozorovali stopy korózneho nepadnutia v rovnakom rozsahu ako u skúSobných teliesok z keramickej hmoty podl’a vynálezu. Výhoda navrhovaného materiálu spočívá predovšetkým v tom, že je oenovo i výrobně dostupnější ako doteraz používaný materiál. Spracovanie navrhovaného materiálu do vhodnej formy je možné známými keramickými technologiemi. Okrem navrhovanej aplikácie pri výrobě hliníka chloridovou elektrolýzou sa mfiže uvedený materiál použit ako konátrukčný prvok v prostředí náročnom z hladiska korózie při vysokých teplotách.The use of this material makes it possible to achieve a sufficiently long lifetime of the lining of the electrolyser at an operating temperature of 700 to 750 ° C due to its emerging corrosion resistance to the melt. Its good corrosion resistance is also maintained when using fluoride-added electrolytes. The corrosion resistance of aluminum chloride-containing ceramic melt materials was verified by testing and compared to the corrosion resistance of SiNN. Traces of corrosion failure were observed to the same extent on the silicon nitride test specimen to the same extent as the ceramic test specimens of the invention. The advantage of the proposed material lies mainly in the fact that it is more affordable than the material used so far. Processing of the proposed material into a suitable form is possible by known ceramic technologies. In addition to the proposed application in aluminum production by chloride electrolysis, said material can be used as a construction element in a high temperature corrosive environment.
Příklad 1Example 1
Keramická hmota podlá vynálezu sa skládá z 10*hmotnostných % kysličníka chromitého a 90 hmotnostných % kysličníka hlinitého. Hmota sa připravila tak, že sa odpařením roztoku dusičnanu chromitého a dusičnanu hlinitého a teplotným rozkladom vzniklého prášku pri teplote 900 °C připravil prekurzor, z ktorého sa lisováním a spekaním při teplote 1000 °C připravili skúšobné telieska. Korózna odolnosť keramického materiálu podlá vynálezu sa ověřila sledováním hmotnostných úbytkov skúšobných teliesok po ich expozícii v elektrolyte o zložení 45 hmotnostných % chloridu sodného, 50 hmotnostných % chloridu draselného a 5 hmotnostných % chloridu hlinitého po dobu 200 hodin pri teplote 700 °C. Hmotnostný úbytok skúšobného telieska je menší ako 0,1 %·The ceramic mass according to the invention consists of 10% by weight of chromium oxide and 90% by weight of alumina. The mass was prepared by preparing a precursor by evaporating a solution of chromium nitrate and aluminum nitrate and thermal decomposition of the resulting powder at 900 ° C, from which test specimens were prepared by pressing and sintering at 1000 ° C. The corrosion resistance of the ceramic material according to the invention was verified by monitoring the weight loss of the test specimens after exposure to an electrolyte of 45% by weight sodium chloride, 50% by weight potassium chloride and 5% by weight aluminum chloride for 200 hours at 700 ° C. Weight loss of test specimen less than 0.1% ·
Příklad 2Example 2
Keramická hmota podlá vynálezu se skládá z 60 hmotnostných % kysličníka chromitého a 40 hmotnostných % kysličníka hlinitého. Hmota sa připravila a korózna odolnoať sa ověřila ako v příklade 1. Hmotnostný úbytok sa nepozoroval. Pri mirkoskopickom pozorovaní skúšobné teliesko nejeví známky korózneho napadnutia.The ceramic mass according to the invention consists of 60% by weight of chromium oxide and 40% by weight of alumina. The mass was prepared and the corrosion resistance was verified as in Example 1. No weight loss was observed. In the microscopic observation, the specimen does not show any signs of corrosion.
Příklad 3Example 3
Keramická hmota podlá vynálezu sa skládá z 90 hmotnostných % kysličníka chromitého a 10 hmotnostných % kysličníka hlinitého. Hmota sa připravila a korózna odolnosť sa ověřila ako v příklade 1. Hmotnostný úbytok skúšobného telieska je menší ako 0,1 %.The ceramic mass according to the invention consists of 90% by weight of chromium oxide and 10% by weight of alumina. The mass was prepared and the corrosion resistance was verified as in Example 1. The weight loss of the test specimen was less than 0.1%.
Příklad 4Example 4
Keramická hmotu podlá vynálezu tvoří jediná zložka, a to kysličník chromitý. Hmota sa připravila a korózna odolnosť sa ověřila ako v příklade 1. Hmotnostný úbytok skúšobného telieska je menší ako 0,1 %.The ceramic mass according to the invention consists of a single component, chromium oxide. The mass was prepared and the corrosion resistance was verified as in Example 1. The weight loss of the test specimen was less than 0.1%.
Claims (1)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CS275078A CS205389B1 (en) | 1978-04-28 | 1978-04-28 | Ceramic materialfor aluminium manufacture electrolyzers |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CS275078A CS205389B1 (en) | 1978-04-28 | 1978-04-28 | Ceramic materialfor aluminium manufacture electrolyzers |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CS205389B1 true CS205389B1 (en) | 1981-05-29 |
Family
ID=5365464
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CS275078A CS205389B1 (en) | 1978-04-28 | 1978-04-28 | Ceramic materialfor aluminium manufacture electrolyzers |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CS (1) | CS205389B1 (en) |
-
1978
- 1978-04-28 CS CS275078A patent/CS205389B1/en unknown
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