CS203802B1 - Apparatus for transforming primary thermal energy from water flows to serve for heating,preparing warm service water and producing ice rink surface - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a device for transforming primary thermal energy from watercourses to a higher temperature level for heating and domestic hot water production, while forming an ice surface for sports purposes.

The need to save energy of all kinds, triggered by the analysis of solid, liquid and gaseous fuel supplies, leads to the search for new ways of obtaining thermal energy at a temperature level suitable for heating and hot water production, or to reassess known systems. One of the devices suitable for this purpose is heat pumps operating according to the principle known in the refrigeration industry, but in contrast to cooling devices, the heat supplied to the circuit at a lower temperature level in the evaporator is not useful, but the heat removed from the device in the condenser. temperature level, suitable for the required purposes of heating and hot water production.

If a heat pump is to be used, not only the required amount of energy to drive the compressor, but also a sufficient amount of primary low-potential thermal energy to evaporate the refrigerant in the evaporator of the plant must be available. This thermal energy is currently obtained from waste heat or natural sources, including mainly air, surface and ground water, or soil. These natural resources have a number of disadvantages. From an environmental point of view, air is the most suitable, but its temperature fluctuates greatly in short time intervals, and the heat output of the plant using air as the primary energy source is the smallest at the time of the highest heat demand for heating. This leads to the necessity of a considerable over-dimensioning of the equipment and regulation of the power for most of the heating season or to the use of a bivalent heating system with an additional energy source. The use of groundwater and soil heat leads to considerable interference in the thermal regime of the soil, which sources are usually insufficient to radiate large outputs or in mass applications of heat pumps in dense areas. The use of soil heat requires a considerable amount of earthworks and high investment requirements. The use of the heat contained in surface water in the current way in which the water is taken from the source and transported by pumps to the heat pump evaporator »encounters a number of problems caused mainly by the low temperature of the water during the heating period and water pollution.

Due to the average climatic conditions for the construction of waterworks on rivers and their heating by warmed-up waste water of energy installations, these in the winter months mostly do not freeze or freeze only for a very short time, linked to the occurrence of extremely low air temperatures. The resulting ice is not suitable for skating or insufficient thickness and strength is a danger for skating, especially children and youth. Therefore, there was a need to build winter stadiums and an artificial ice surface, created by means of mechanical cooling equipment, which requires considerable investment requirements, binds building and machine capacities and puts considerable demands on energy, mainly electric, in operation.

According to the invention, the above-mentioned drawbacks are eliminated by a device for the transformation of primary thermal energy from watercourses for heating, hot water production and sports ice formation consisting of an evaporator or expansion tank connected to a compressor whose discharge side is connected to a condenser and then to a organ. Its essence is that the evaporator or expansion tank is connected to a horizontal surface heat exchanger, *.

mounted on a float device, wherein a heat transfer fluid or coolant pump is incorporated in the evaporator or expansion tank circuit.

The heat from the surface water is removed directly by the evaporating coolant or heat transfer medium in a special heat exchanger located at the water surface so that the planar heat exchanger system of this exchanger is washed from both sides by the surface water before starting the device. When the device is put into operation due to the temperature of the heat transfer medium or evaporating coolant, the heat exchange surface freezes, and due to the buoyancy of the ice and the floating system connected to the heat transfer surface a safe ice rink for sporting purposes, both through this ice rink from the air and, to a much greater extent, from below through the frosted heat exchange system, the necessary heat is supplied from the surface water to evaporate the refrigerant in the heat pump.

The device according to the invention achieves the advantages and higher effect of utilizing low-potential thermal energy from surface water, especially river water, even in those cases where the water is polluted and has a low temperature approaching 0 ° C and further creating a safe and inexpensive and inexpensive ice rinks for sports purposes that can be operated for many winter months. The device according to the invention enables economical utilization of heat from surface waters even at their temperatures approaching freezing point and economical building of safe equipment for sports and recreational skating.

An exemplary embodiment of the device according to the invention is shown in the accompanying drawing of FIG. Fig. 2 is a wiring diagram for direct cooling.

In indirect cooling, the refrigerant evaporates in the heat exchanger from the heat transfer medium, the vapors formed are sucked off by the compressor 2 and compressed to a discharge pressure such that condensation of the refrigerant in the condenser 3 is achieved at a temperature corresponding to the heating substance requirement. The liquefied refrigerant is returned to the evaporator 4 after evaporation of the pressure reducing device. The heat is removed from the surface water by the temperature-carrying heat transfer medium in a special horizontal heat exchanger 5 located at the water surface so that the upper surface of the frozen ice can be used for skating purposes. The heated heat transfer medium is fed to the evaporator 10 where it transfers heat to the coolant and after cooling it is returned by the pump to the heat exchanger 6. The position of the special heat exchanger 5 relative to the water surface is maintained by the float system 7.

In direct cooling, the refrigerant, after being compressed to the condensing pressure in the compressor 2, is fed into the condensate 2 for liquefaction under the heat removal from the plant to the required temperature level and after the pressure in the reducing device is reduced to the expansion tank. From the expansion tank f! the coolant is conveyed by the pump 12 to a special heat exchanger 5 for partial evaporation by supplying heat from the surface water. The vapors generated in the special heat exchanger 5 and when the pressure in the reduction device 6 is reduced are exhausted from the expansion tank i) by the compressor 2. The position of the special heat exchanger 5 is fixed relative to the water level by a float system

Claims (1)

OBJECT OF THE INVENTION Equipment for the transformation of primary thermal energy from watercourses for heating, hot water production and sports ice rinks, consisting of an evaporator or expansion tank, connected to a compressor, the discharge side of which is connected to a condenser and then to a reducing element that the evaporator (1) or expansion tank (8) is connected to a horizontal heat exchanger (5) mounted on the float device ΠΙ, wherein a heat transfer fluid pump (6) is included in the evaporator circuit (1) or expansion tank (8); pump (12).