CS201784B1 - Izothermic reactor appliance for the catalyzed chemical reactions - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to an isothermal reactor device allowing to carry out a catalysed chemical reaction and an approximately constant temperature. It consists of a vessel in which multi-point tubular bundles are placed, through which the medium for the supply or removal of the heat of reaction _e ?

Czechoslovak patent δ. 138 681 protects a reactor for an endothermic process, comprising ^R & rdrkovébo exchanging heat with the catalyst within the tubes. The pipe system is heated by the flue gases of the gas flowing through the blue-space chamber.

W has received known isothermal reactors, a catalyst placed in a tube of relatively small diameter, and the heat transfer medium flows in the blue-tube space. Only a very small proportion of the total space is used in these types of catalysts in the form of a catalyst. The sulfur is considerably limited in capacity. Have they not been able to overcome them so far? design and manufacturing difficulties and therefore today's low-power industrial plant! use exclusively adiabatically reacting reactors, although the isothermal precession is too-olegtoks in many cases is particularly advantageous, especially from the conversion attained, salami disadvantage of the isotermic catalysts with catalyst placed in the tubes> need to work? with a relatively high catalyst content and, as a result, large pressure losses occur in the reactor.

SOI w

201 784

These drawbacks are overcome by the isothermal reactor apparatus of the present invention, which combines the advantages of a tubular isothermal reactor with the advantages of large capacity adiabatic reactors. With respect to extracts, it allows the process conditions to be kept at an optimal level.

The isothermal reactor device according to the invention can be advantageously used

- for dehydrogenation processes of paraffinic hydrocarbons to monoalkfins / e.g. the dehydrogenation of isopentane to isopentene, normal Huťan the normal butenes, isobutane to isobutene, dehydrogenation of paraffinic hydrocarbons C _g to ^C 24 monoalkfiny of the same chain length, cycloalkanes, cycloalkenes the /.

- for the dehydrogenation of monoalkenes to dienes / e.g. isopentane to isoprene, normal butenes to 1,3-butadiene /,

to dehydrogenate alkylaromates to vinylaromates / e.g. ethylbenzene to styrene, diethylbenzene to divinylbenzene, isopropylbenzene to -methylstyrene /,

- for dehydrocyclizaffin reactions of alkane, alkane and alkylaromatic hydrocarbons,

- for disproportionation reactions of alkenes,

- for isomerisation reactions of alkenes, alkanes, cycloalkanes and alkylaromates,

- for gasoline reforming.

The isothermal reactor apparatus of the present invention can be operated at atmospheric pressure, vacuum and positive pressure. Substances entering the reactor or one component of the reaction mixture can be used as heat transfer medium through the tubes of the reactor apparatus, e.g. Hydrocarbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, water vapor · The flue gases can also be used as heat transfer medium without entering the catalyst bed.

The isothermal reactor device for catalyzed chemical reactions consists of a catalyst rack formed by a space between the tube bundle. The crust bundle is formed from U-tubes. The tube assembly is attached to the apparatus by means of a flange. Depending on the volume of the catalyst bed, the refinery reactor can be constructed as horizontal axial with one or more tube bundles according to FIG. 1, or as vertical radial with any even number of tubular strands according to FIG. 2. In this arrangement, the tube bundles are fixed alternately from above and below, as a result of which no catalyst space without heat exchange surface is formed between the individual tube bundles.

The isothermal reactor apparatus is described in more detail in the following examples, which do not, however, limit the scope of the invention.

Example 1

In the case of styrene production by dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene, it is preferable to use the isothermal vertical radial reactor apparatus shown in FIG. Second

It consists of a vertical cylindrical container 2 provided with a neck 1. cylindrical roets i and J, multi-tube tubing 6 and cone-shaped 7.

201 784

A mixture of ethylbenzene and steam at 630 ° C is introduced into the reactor. A catalyst 8 is placed between the cylindrical gratings 4 and 5, which are made of steel molds. A steel mesh is mounted on the gratings to prevent the catalyst from tearing by the flow of reactants. Pipe bundles pass through the catalyst bed. The catalyst is located in the space between the tubes. The conical assembly 7 serves to evenly distribute the reaction mixture to the inner cylindrical grate 5. The heat removed by the reaction mixture as it passes through the catalyst bed as a result of the endothermic reactions is immediately supplemented by transferring heat from the embedded tube bundles. Preheated steam flows as heating inidium within the tubular bundles, which, after passing through the tubular bundles, mix either after intermediate heating or directly with ethylbenzene and enter the inter-tubular space of the isothermal reactor apparatus filled with dehydrogenation catalyst. By shifting the water vapor streams in the tube bundles, very small temperature differences between the top and bottom of the catalyst bed can be achieved, e.g. Low: 14 ° C. The reaction mixture exits through the outlet orifices 8 for further processing.

Example 2

In the case of the production of n-alkenes by dehytrogenation of n-alkanes, it is preferable to use the axially horizontal isothermal devices shown in FIG. 1. It consists of a horizontal, tubular vessel 2 provided with a grate 6, a multi-pass tube bundle 6 and an installation 7. The heat consumed by the sadothermal reaction is supplemented by heat transfer from the intermediate tube bundle. Hydrogen is preferably used as the heat transfer medium flowing through the tube bundles, which is then mixed either after intermediate heating or directly with the n-alkanes and enters in the mixture with them into the catalyst bed located in the inter-tube spaces. By shifting the hydrogen streams in the tube bundle, very small temperature differences between the top and bottom of the catalyst bed can be achieved, e.g. 2 ° C, the mixture leaves the outlet 8 for further processing.

Claims (1)

OBJECT OF THE INVENTION A catalytic chemical reaction reactor apparatus, characterized in that it consists of a vertically or horizontally disposed vessel (2) in which multi-tube tubing bundles (6) and inlets (7) resulting in a radially or asymmetric catalyst space are mounted. .