CS201339B1 - Process for producing emulsion polyvinyl chloride with reduced content of monomeric vinyl chloride - Google Patents

Process for producing emulsion polyvinyl chloride with reduced content of monomeric vinyl chloride Download PDF

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CS201339B1
CS201339B1 CS609078A CS609078A CS201339B1 CS 201339 B1 CS201339 B1 CS 201339B1 CS 609078 A CS609078 A CS 609078A CS 609078 A CS609078 A CS 609078A CS 201339 B1 CS201339 B1 CS 201339B1
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latex
vinyl chloride
temperature
pressure
mpa
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CS609078A
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Czech (cs)
Slovak (sk)
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Stanislav Bobula
Jan Beniak
Anton Kohut
Anton Kopcan
Rudolf Mihalicka
Peter Nemcok
Ladislav Novak
Jan Poliak
Metod Radosa
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Stanislav Bobula
Jan Beniak
Anton Kohut
Anton Kopcan
Rudolf Mihalicka
Peter Nemcok
Ladislav Novak
Jan Poliak
Metod Radosa
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Priority to CS609078A priority Critical patent/CS201339B1/en
Publication of CS201339B1 publication Critical patent/CS201339B1/en

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Abstract

Vynález rieái spósob výroby emulzného polyvinylchloridu s malým obsahom zbytkového monoméru vinylchloridu. Emulzia po polymerizáoii monoméru sa v prvom stupni demonomerizuje na hodnotu 0,5 až 1,5 % obsahu vinylchloridu za tlaku 0,05 až 0,08 MPa a pri teplote 30 až 45 °C, potom sa ohřeje na teplotu 50 až 75 °C, pri teplote ohrievaoej ploohy maximálně 78 °C a demonomerizuje sa za tlaku 0,05 až 0,08 MPa.The invention provides a method for producing emulsion polyvinyl chloride with a low residual vinyl chloride monomer content. The emulsion after monomer polymerization is first demonomerized to a value of 0.5 to 1.5% vinyl chloride content at a pressure of 0.05 to 0.08 MPa and at a temperature of 30 to 45 °C, then heated to a temperature of 50 to 75 °C, at a heating surface temperature of maximum 78 °C and demonomerized at a pressure of 0.05 to 0.08 MPa.

Description

Vynález rieši spdsob výroby emulzného polyvinylohloridu s malým obsahom zbytkového monomémeho vinyl chlor Idu.The present invention provides a process for the manufacture of an emulsion polyvinyl chloride having a low content of residual monomeric vinyl chloride.

Vzhladom na to, že polymerizáoia vinylohloridu v polymerizadnom autokláve neprebieha až do 100 $-nej konverzie, pri emulznej polymerizáoii vyrobený latex obsahuje pomeme značné množstvo nezreagovaného monomémeho vinylohloridu. Podlá podmienok a rýohlosti polymerizácie sa jedná obvykle o 5 až Ό vinylohloridu v latexe. Podlá známých technologii hlavná časť tohoto nezreagovaného monoméru ea izolovala tak, že latex, ktorý produkovalo vlastné polymerizadné zariadenie, sa odvádzal do doplyňovaoej jednotky, ktorú tvořil systém žlabov alebo nádrži udržovaných, pod zníženým tlakom, v ktorom došlo k uvolneniu znadnej dasti nezreagovaného monoméru, v takýchto systémoch sa obsah zbytkového vinylohloridu v latexe znížil obvykle na hodnotu 0,5 až 1,5 ¢,Since the polymerization of vinyl chloride in the polymerization autoclave does not proceed up to 100% conversion, the emulsion polymerization latex produced contains a relatively large amount of unreacted monomeric vinyl chloride. Depending on the conditions and the rate of polymerization, these are usually 5 to 4 vinyl chloride in the latex. According to known technology, the major part of this unreacted monomer ea was isolated by the fact that the latex that produced its own polymerization equipment was discharged to a degassing unit consisting of a system of troughs or tanks maintained under reduced pressure releasing the unreacted unreacted monomer. in such systems, the residual vinyl chloride content of the latex is usually reduced to between 0,5 and 1,5 ¢,

Na základe novšíoh poznatkov o škodlivých údinkooh vinylohloridu na ludský organizmus stanovujú súdasné zdravotno-hygienické normy přísné požiadavky na minimalizáoiu zbytkového vinylohloridu v polymémom polyvinylohloride. Zabezpedenie týohto požiadaviek podlá známých postupov sa dosahuje hlavně tým, že sa v prooese výroby polyvinylohloridu dosiahne dokonalejšie odplynenie latexu. Toto dokonalejšie odplynenie sa podlá známých postupov uskutodňuje tak, že latex sa před vstupom do odplyňovaoieho systému vyhřeje vo výmenníku tepla róznej konštrukcie na vyššiu teplotu, obvykle 60 až 80 °C, dím sa dosiahne posunutie rovnováhy smerom k nižším obsahem vinylohloridu v latexe. Polymémy latex vystupujúci z polymerizadného reaktora obsahuje obvykle 5 až 10 # nezreagovaného vinylohloridu. Ak sa takýto latex podrobí pósobenlu zvýšenej teploty 60 až 80 °C podlá známých postupov, prebieha dalšia polymerizácia tohoto vinylohloridu, dím sa negativné ovplyvnia vlastnosti výsledného polyméru, pretože za teplót vyšších ako teplota 40 až 50 °C, pri ktorej sa obvykle uskutodňuje polymerizáoia, vzniká frakcia polyméru s nižšou molekulovou hmotnosťou, ktorá negativno ovplyvňuje tepelná stabilitu a spraoovatel*ské vlastnosti polyméru. Miestom tejto dalšej polymerizácie je predovšetkým výměnná plocha, oez ktorú sa uskutodňuje dodávka tepla k ohřevu latexu podlá známých postupov na 60 až 80 °C. V dósledku takejto polymerizácie dochádza na výmennej ploché k intenzívnemu usadzovaniu polyméru. Nevýhodou týchto postupov je, že vo výmenníkoch tepla, v ktorýoh sa zabezpečuje ohřev latexu na potřebná teplotu, sa velmi rýohlo tvoria nánosy polyméru na výměnných plooháoh, dím klesá účinnost’ výmenníkov a zvyšuje sa spotřeba energie. Preto, aby sa zabezpečila dostátočná rýohlosť ohřevu, je potřebné takéto zariadenia relativné často a pracné čistit*, do zvyšuje nároky na praoovné sily. Tiež zabezpedenie kontinuálnosti výroby vyžaduje duplioitné zariadenie. Ekonomickou nevýhodou týohto postupov sú aj straty polyméru usadeuého na stenáoh výmenníkov tepla.Based on more recent knowledge about the harmful effects of vinyl chloride on the human body, current health and hygiene standards set stringent requirements to minimize residual vinyl chloride in polymeric polyvinyl chloride. The fulfillment of these requirements according to known processes is achieved mainly by achieving a better degassing of the latex in the polyvinyl chloride chloride production process. This improved degassing is carried out according to known methods by heating the latex to a higher temperature, typically 60-80 ° C, in a heat exchanger of a different design before entering the degassing system, thereby shifting the equilibrium towards lower vinyl chloride content in the latex. The latex polymer exiting the polymerization reactor typically contains 5-10 unreacted vinyl chloride. If such a latex is subjected to an elevated temperature of 60-80 ° C according to known procedures, further polymerization of this vinyl chloride proceeds, thereby negatively affecting the properties of the resulting polymer, since at temperatures above 40-50 ° C at which polymerization is usually carried out, This results in a lower molecular weight polymer fraction which adversely affects the thermal stability and processing properties of the polymer. The point of this further polymerization is, in particular, the exchange area, from which the heat supply for heating the latex according to known procedures to 60 to 80 ° C takes place. As a result of such polymerization, intensive polymer deposition occurs on the exchange flat. The disadvantage of these processes is that the heat exchangers, which provide the heating of the latex to the required temperature, very rapidly form polymer deposits on replaceable platforms, thereby decreasing the efficiency of the exchangers and increasing energy consumption. Therefore, in order to ensure sufficient heating resistance, such devices need to be cleaned relatively often and laboriously, increasing the demands on labor force. Also, ensuring continuity of production requires duplicate equipment. The economical disadvantage of these processes is also the loss of polymer deposited on the heat exchanger wall.

Podlá tohoto vynálezu sa vyrába emulzný polyvinylohlorid so zníženým obsahom monomézneho vinylohloridu emulznou polymerizáoiou monoméru a následnou demonomerizáeiou obdrženého latexu pri teplote 30 až 75 °C a tlaku 0,05 až 0,08 MPa tak, že emulzia po polymerizáoii sa v prvom stupni demonomerizuje na hodnotu 0,5 až 1,5 obsahu vinylohloridu za tlaku 0,05 až 0,08 MPa a pri teplote 30 až 45 °C, potom sa ohřeje na teplotuAccording to the present invention, an emulsion polyvinyl chloride is produced having a reduced monomeric vinyl chloride content by emulsion polymerization of the monomer and subsequent demonomerization of the obtained latex at a temperature of 30-75 ° C and a pressure of 0.05-0.08 MPa such that the emulsion after polymerization is demonomerized in the first step. 0.5 to 1.5 vinyl chloride content at a pressure of 0.05 to 0.08 MPa and at a temperature of 30 to 45 ° C, then heated to a temperature of

201 339 až 75 °C, a výhodou 55 eí 65 °C, pri teplote ohrievaooj ploohy maximálně 78 °C a demonomerizuje ea sta tlaku 0,05 až 0,08 MPa.201 339 to 75 ° C, preferably 55 to 65 ° C, at a surface heating temperature of at most 78 ° C and demonomerizes at a pressure of 0.05 to 0.08 MPa.

Postup podl’a vynálezu rieSi demonomerizáoiu na požadované hodnoty technologicky jed noduohým epdeobom, pri zvýSenom využiti zariadenia eo sůčaenou minimalizáoiou spotřeby tepelnej energie. Postup je nenáročný aj z hl’adlska aparatúzneho zariadenia, pričom uzavretým systémom umožňuje opátovné využitie vinylohloridu z demonomerizáoie.The process according to the invention solves the demonomerization to the required values by a technologically simple epdeobe, with the increased use of the device with the aim of minimizing thermal energy consumption. The process is also unpretentious from the point of view of the apparatus, while the closed system allows the re-use of vinyl chloride from demonomerization.

PodTa nového poetupu, ktorý je predmetom tohoto vynálezu, bolo zlatěné, že nevýhody známyoh postupov je možno výrazné potlačit’, ak teplota výmennej ploohy nepřekročí teplotu ekelnenia polyvinylohloridu a ek ea do výmenníka tepla privedie latex, u ktorého bol obeah vinylohloridu najprv znížený na hodnotu 0,5 až 1,5 fy, pri teplote 30 až 45 °C Působením zniženého tlaku 0,05 až 0,08 MPa na latex pretekajúoi uzavretým zariadenim, s vý hodou v tenkej vrstvě. Teplota 30 až 45 °C je teplota, ktorú má latex po opuštěni polyme rizačného autoklávu, preto k zniženiu obsahu vinylohloridu na 0,5 až 1,5 fy nie je potřeb né latex viesť oez výmennik tepla. Takto odplynený polyvinylchloridový latex sa potom podl’a nového postupu ohřeje vo výmenniku tepla na teplotu 50 až 75 °C a znovu přivedla do uzavretóho zariadenia, β výhodou v tenkej vrstvě, kde za zniženého tlaku na hodnotu 0,05 až 0,08 MPa prebehne uvolněnie ďalSej časti vinylohloridu. Bolo zistené, že ak teplota vyhrievaoieho média v tomto výmenniku tepla nepřekroč! teplotu ekelnenia polyvinylohloridu, tj. 78 °C, je ueadzovanie polyméru na teplovýmennej ploché minimálně.According to the novel process of the present invention, it has been golden that the drawbacks of the known processes can be significantly reduced if the exchange surface temperature does not exceed the greening temperature of the polyvinyl chloride and the e ea introduces into the heat exchanger a latex in which 5 to 1.5 phy, at a temperature of 30 to 45 ° C. Under reduced pressure of 0.05 to 0.08 MPa, the latex flows through a closed device, preferably in a thin layer. The temperature of 30 to 45 ° C is the temperature that the latex has after leaving the polymer of the autoclave, so that it is not necessary to lead the latex through a heat exchanger to reduce the vinyl chloride content to 0.5 to 1.5 phy. The polyvinyl chloride latex thus degassed is then heated in a heat exchanger to a temperature of 50 to 75 ° C according to a new process and fed back to a closed device, preferably in a thin layer, where under reduced pressure to 0.05 to 0.08 MPa releasing another portion of vinyl chloride. It has been found that if the temperature of the heating medium in this heat exchanger does not exceed! the greening temperature of the polyvinyl chloride, i. 78 ° C, the adhesion of the polymer to the heat exchange flat is minimal.

ČalSie výhody postupu podl’a vynálezu sú ilustrované na nasledujúoioh prikladoch.Other advantages of the process of the invention are illustrated in the following examples.

Přiklad 1Example 1

Latex polyvinylohloridu po opuštěni polymerizačného autoklávu s obsahom 6 fy vinylohloridu je kontinuálně privádzaný do výmenníka tepla, ktorým Je mieSaný duplikátor s teplotou pláíťa udržovanou na 75 °C. Vo výmenniku tepla doohádza k ohřevu latexu na 55 °C. Z výmenníka je latex kontinuálně odvádzaný do ussavretého odplynového zariadenia, kde pri tlaku 0,075 MPa stéká Spirálovým žlabom vo vrstvě hrůbky 10 mm. Po 4 tjňooh kontinuálneho chodu ddjde k podstatnému ZhorSeniu přestupu tepla vo výmenniku. Pri kontrole sa zistia na teplovýmennej ploohe ueadeniny polyméru hrůbky 3 až 4 mm, u ktorýoh dlhodobým pdeobením teploty 75 °C je badatalhá výrazná degradáoia, Latex po opuštěni odplynového zariadenia obsahuje 0,35 fy zbytkového vinylohloridu.The polyvinyl chloride chloride latex, after leaving the polymerization autoclave containing 6 phy vinyl chloride, is continuously fed to a heat exchanger which is mixed with a duplicator with a jacket temperature maintained at 75 ° C. In the heat exchanger, the latex is heated to 55 ° C. From the exchanger, the latex is continuously discharged to a closed degassing device, where it flows down through a spiral trough at a pressure of 0.075 MPa in a layer of depth of 10 mm. After 4, i.e. continuous operation, the heat transfer in the exchanger is significantly reduced. During the inspection, a 3 to 4 mm thick polymer admixture is found on the heat exchange surface, which has a long-term significant degradation at 75 ° C. Latex after leaving the gasifier contains 0.35 phy residual vinyl chloride.

Přiklad 2Example 2

PodTa poetupu vynálezu latex polyvinylohloridu s obsahom 6 fy vinylohloridu po opuštěni polymerizačného autoklávu o teplote 45 °C ea v I. stupni priamo kontinuálně vedie do uzavretého odplynového zariadenia, kde pri teplote 40 až 45 °C a tlaku 0,075 MPa ddjde k zniženiu obsahu vinylohloridu na 1 fy, Takýto latex sa potom kontinuálně privádza do výmenníka tepla, ktorým je mieSaný duplikátor e teplotou pláSťa udržovanou na 75 °C,According to the process of the invention, the polyvinyl chloride chloride latex containing 6 phy vinyl chloride after leaving the polymerization autoclave at a temperature of 45 ° C and in the first stage directly leads directly to a closed degassing plant, where at 40-45 ° C and a pressure of 0.075 MPa Such a latex is then continuously fed to a heat exchanger which is a mixed duplicator with a jacket temperature maintained at 75 ° C.

201 339 kde dójde k ohriatiu latexu na 55 °θ· Latex a touto teplotou ea kontinuálně privádza na II. stupeň odplyňovanla, v ktorom latex v uzavřetom zariadení stéká v tenkej vrstvě Spirálovým žlabom za tlaku 0,075 MPa. Po opuštění II. etupňa odplyňovanla latex obsahuje 0,28 $ zbytkového vinylchloridu. Zníženie přestupu tepla vo výmenníku sa aa^amená až po 20 dňooh kontinuálneho ohodu. Kontrola usadenín ukazuje, že tieto sú podstatné menéie ako v příklade 1 ·201 339, where the latex is heated to 55 ° θ · Latex and is continuously fed to II at this temperature ea. a degassing step in which the latex in a closed device flows in a thin layer through a spiral channel at a pressure of 0.075 MPa. After leaving II. the degassed latex stage contains 0.28% residual vinyl chloride. The reduction of heat transfer in the exchanger is only measured after 20 days of continuous firing. The sediment control shows that these are essential measurements as in Example 1 ·

Claims (1)

3 201 339 kde ddjde k ohriatiu latexu na 55 °C. Latex a touto teplotou sa kontinuálně privádzana II. stupeň odplyňovania, v ktorom latex v uzavřetom zariadení stéká v tenkej vrstvěSpirálovým žlabom za tlaku 0,075 MPa. Po opuštění II. etupňa odplyňovania latex obsahu-je 0,28 $ zbytkového vinylchloridu. Zníženie přestupu tepla vo výmenníku ea zaznamenáaž po 20 dňooh kontinuálneho ohodu. Kontrola usadenín ukazuje, že tieto sú podstatnémenSie ako v příklade 1 · P R E D Μ E T VYNÁLEZU Spdsob výroby etnulzného polyvinylohloridu so soiíženým obsahom monomérneho vinyl-ohloridu emulznou polymerizáoiou monoméru a následnou demonomerizáoiou obdržaného latexupri teploto 30 až 75 °C a tlaku 0,05 až 0,08 MPa, vyznaSujúoi sa tým, že emulzia po po-lymerizáoii sa v prvom stupni demonomerizuje na hodnotu 0,5 až 1,5 % obsahu vinyldhlori-du za tlaku 0,05 až 0,08 MPa a pri teplota 30 až 45 °C, potom sa ohřeje na teplotu 50 až75 °C, s výhodou 55 až 65 °C, pri teploto ohrievacej plochy maximálně 78 °C a demonomerizuje sa za tlaku 0,05 až 0,08 MPa.3 201 339 where the latex is heated to 55 ° C. Latex and this temperature are continuously fed II. a degassing stage in which the latex in the enclosed apparatus flows in a thin layer with a spiral channel at a pressure of 0.075 MPa. After leaving II. The latex degassing stage contains 0.28 $ residual vinyl chloride. Reducing the heat transfer in the exchanger and e after 20 days of continuous warming. The deposit control shows that these are more important than in Example 1 of the invention A process for the preparation of an ethylene polyvinyl chloride having a monomeric vinyl chloride content reduced by emulsion monomer polymerization followed by demonomerization of the latex obtained at 30 to 75 ° C and a pressure of 0.05 to 0, Characterized in that the polymerization emulsion in the first stage is demonomerized to a value of 0.5 to 1.5% of the vinyl chloride content at a pressure of 0.05 to 0.08 MPa and at a temperature of 30 to 45 ° C. then heated to a temperature of 50 to 75 ° C, preferably 55 to 65 ° C, at a warming area of not more than 78 ° C and demonomerized at a pressure of 0.05 to 0.08 MPa.
CS609078A 1978-09-21 1978-09-21 Process for producing emulsion polyvinyl chloride with reduced content of monomeric vinyl chloride CS201339B1 (en)

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