CS200614B1 - Stimulation method of seed germination - Google Patents

Description

The invention solves the problem of emulation of seed germination and ground or reduced germination capacity. For seeds with good germination, it increases the germination energy, which means that a greater number of stimulated seeds germinate than unaffected seeds for a certain time unit. The invention falls within the field of plant physiology and seed production.

At present, it is known to emulate seed germination by direct sounding by ultrasound of different frequency and time of sounding. The realization output is the direct application of ultrasound to the seeds depending on various technical and methodological factors, which make its use on a large scale in semi-agriculture more difficult. In direct sounding of seeds by ultrasound, the following factors should be considered in particular:

a) For the anatomical structure of the tissues of various seeds and thus also for the different penetration of ultrasound by the seeds.

b) To properly select the ultrasound intensity per square centimeter absorbed in the seed.

(c) For an appropriate length of sounding time.

d) For a suitable sound time from the beginning of the swelling of the seeds.

(e) For the correlation between the sound time and the power used per cm.

(f) The sounding parameters shall be chosen so that the temperature in the medium to be sounded -and in seeds does not exceed the maximum temperature permitted for the germination of the seed species.

With direct seed sounding, it is necessary to perform preliminary sound testing of the seeds of various plant species and to determine optimally the parameters of the applied ultrasound. Different benefits

200 614 per cm ² , as optimal dose in the strain results in insufficient stimulation at a lower power at a given sounding time and, at higher doses per cm ² , depending on the sounding time, cell destruction, thermal overheating and thus inhibition of germination. By direct sounding of the seeds, the same ultrasound absorption in all seeds cannot be ensured. (Different orientation of the aemien in the sound medium, the penetration of ultrasound through the walls of the container in which the a and the sound are sounded! Etc.).

Saturated distilled water for ultrasonic sound saturation with air (bubbling or shaking). The sound system was transferred in a vessel of any material (glass, polyethylene, etc.), with an ultrasonic frequency of 1 MHz, to an intensity of <3 W / cm ² in the sounded water.

Methodological problems in direct sound distribution of seeds are eliminated by the method of stimulation of sprouting of the seeds using sounded water. Ultrasonic sounding water has proven stimulating effects equivalent to 99 k with ultrasound stimulating lines when directly sounding the seeds and maintaining the optimum sounding parameters.

This method has the following advantages over direct sound distribution of seeds:

(a) Unlimited quantities of aemien germinate in sounded water.

b) There is no need for preliminary laboratory tests to obtain optimal sounding parameters.

(c) Eliminates the risk of tearing of the macro and micromolecules in the endosperm and seed embryos, which is possible with the use of higher doses of ultrasound with direct sounding of the seeds.

d) Eliminates the possibility of thermal overheating of the seed with direct sounding, which may lead to degradation of the enzymatic activity, to the denaturation of the protein and to the disruption of the precursor remodeling of complex substances in the seed.

(e) Germination in sounded water precludes interference with a genetic code which cannot be excluded by the use of inappropriate sounding parameters in direct sounding of seeds.

(f) Stimulation of seed germination with sounded water is also reflected in the subsequent growth of the key plants, which are more suited than the germinated sprouts of germinated, unaffected aemi-seeds.

During the sounding of water, there is an intensive process of sonolysis in the water, which is characterized by complex physico-chemical processes. As a result of cavitation in the sonicated water, a me radicals of water, extends molecular dissociation absorbing air gases and to re recombine more complex chemicals * during sonolysis of water can be also registered the formation of the UV light produced in dieociácii oxygen molecules and dueíka mechanism U ₂ ^{-> 0} * ⁰ and Ng - * M + N and their bad return to undocociated state. The energy required for dissociation aa releases in the form of UV radiation. This process, together with other reconstitution processes, causes UV radiation, thus creating a complex spectrum of UV radiation based on the Comton effect. Measurement of the UV emission of the sounded water is a detection process for blocking the effective course of sonolysis. The process of active changes in sounded water can also be detected by obstructing the formation of HNO ₂ and obstructing the abeorption spectra in the UV region. In the case of sounded water, a strong absorption band can be measured in the UV range and a maxioom absorption at 207 and 212 mm. The substances cause abeorption and boiling and do not crystallize after crystallization of water. It is assumed that the substances that absorb the absorbent material and play a decisive role in the stimulation strings of the sounded water.

200 614

Sounded water at 25 ° C has a viscosity difference of un sounded water of the order of 1 su. Based on thermogravimetric measurement, sounded water has much more evaporation than non-sounded samples. In the case of water sounding, it is also possible to measure changes in the refractive index compared to control un sounded samples.

From the analysis of the measured values it can be concluded that during the aonolysis due to cavitation, changes in the water structure occur during the formation of chemical substances. Since the sounded water is energetically on a higher level than the non-sounded water, it has a higher affinity to enter into linkages with the endosperm and seed embryonic molecular system, while changes in water aggregates also play an important role in physiological and enzymatic processes of activating faster germination.

This is also indicated by the fact that after 90 hours from the time of sounding, the sounded water acquires physically properties (refractive index, viscosity, evaporation) similar to the soundless water. Independent of the sounding time, the absorbent strips formed remain in the regions 207 and 212 mm.

The sounded water can be used for damping immediately after ultx * sounding. It is not recommended to use water more than 56 hours after sound. During the key seed process, it is advisable to replenish the evaporated and transpired water by failing with sounded water. When using Jakobsen germinators, it is advisable to replace the sounded water within 2-3 days.

Seed germination in sounded water may be carried out in the following two ways:

(a) In Jakobsen glues, petri dishes or other germinators used in practice.

(b) Soaking also the quantity of seeds in the sounded water before sowing or soaking in water during the entire germination process (eg malting industry).

The germination method referred to in point (a) is suitable for laboratory use, for breeding stations, 3-seed quality institutes, for forest plants and wherever there is less seed available, the maximum number of germinated seeds being required from that quantity. This germination method can also be successfully used to germinate seeds that have reduced germination capacity or have it at the limit of germination loss. The germination method referred to in point (b) may be implemented wherever there is a need to stimulate germination in a larger number of seeds. The length of the steeping of the seeds in the sounded water is governed by the ability of the seed to absorb water during swelling. Seeds with coarse loneliness should be soaked for a longer period of 24 to 43 hours, while for seeds with a thin seed, a period of 6 to 12 hours is sufficient. After sowing into the fall, it is suitable where conditions allow to continue to germinate seeds with sounded water. In atimulating the germination of seeds after germination for further industrial processing, the seeds are still saturated with sounded water during germination according to the methodology of using un sounded water (eg malting industry).

Claims (1)

SUBJECT OF THE INVENTION A method of stimulating germination of aemiins in sounded water, characterized in that the seeds germinate in sounded water or soaked in water that has been sounded by ultrasonic frequency 1 MHz at time <15 min. With an output of <3 W / cm ^.