CS198266B2 - Agent for plants protection against biting by animals - Google Patents

Abstract

A compsn. to protect against damage caused by animals, esp. to deter game and in particular to protect forests, contains (a) =15 (esp. 0.5-10) wt.% alkaloids of formula (I), (where R1 is H, vinyl or ethyl, and R2 is H, methyl or OH), which are present in the bark of the cinchona (or their (in)organic salts or derivs), as the active ingredient; (b) =99.5 (pref. 85) wt.% >=1 porous inorganic and/or organic film forming substances; and opt. (c) >=1 taste enhancing substances, anti-foaming agents, non-ionic and/or anionic emulsifiers, and/or inert carriers. Used esp. for protecting young shoots of small trees and bushes from being eaten by game such as deer, in partic. during the winter months. Specifically, the compsn. containe 1 wt.% of a 50 wt.% ethanolic soln. of quinine hydrochloride, 85 wt.% of a pigmented polyvinyl acetate, and 14 wt.% water.

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a composition for the protection of plant crops against damage caused by animal nibbling of plants, which consists essentially of a porous film-forming substance, an alkaloid from the bark of a quinone tree and optionally a carrier.

Before introducing the essential features of the invention, its technical background is to be understood.

It is known how strongly the young shoots of small trees and shrubs, especially in the winter months, are damaged by animal biting. In young fruit gardens, nurseries, considerable damage is caused by the biting of hares (see, for example, Ueckermann, E. "Die Wildschadenverhutung in Wald und Feld", Paul Parey, Hamburg-Berlin, 1960, p. 58).

A good product used to protect against animal biting should meet the following requirements:

- has a good repellent effect

- the effect should be permanent

- should not be phytotoxic

- the effect should be ensured even if there is a change in wind direction

- application should not be laborious

- to dry well on the surface to be protected [see, for example, Reich, H.: Mitt. des Obstauversuchsringes des Alten Landes, 8, 261/1953 / J.

In the forestry industry, repellents are often used to repel their taste, odor and / or mechanical action (for example, sand penetrating between the teeth of animals).

Zinc diethyldithiocarbamate cyclohexylamine complex is often used to combat deer and deer damage. Often combined with polyethylene polysulfide / see, for example, Beckwith, S.L. and Stith, L.G., Sunshire State Agricultural Dept. for March 1963 (5), as well as tetramethylthiuram disulfide [Baumgartner, L.L. and Powell, S.E., Contrib. Воусе Thompson Inst., 15, 411/1969 /].

In addition to the above compounds, natural resins, such as rosin, are used for biting rabbits [see, for example, Thomppon, V. and Armor, C. J., Plant Pathol. 18, 1952 / J. N, N-1,1-tetaapetyl-4-butynyapine [Hooeel, D. E. and Goodhue: Agr. Chem. 23, [4/27, (1968)].

Systematic agents are also known as protection against game biting, which are used in the planting of young sewers and shrubs by placing the device in a dug hole and exerting an effect by sucking it into plants. When nibbling plants treated in this way, sublethal poisoning occurs in the animals, to which the animals react quickly and avoid the treatment area. Such an agent is, for example, an animal biting composition made of tetrapetylene sulfutetrapii, which has been effective in the treated area for two years [see, for example, Hecht, G. and Heneck, H., Angew. Chem., 61 ', 365 (1949)]. The disadvantage of all these formulations is their high toxicity (therefore, preparations of this kind are not used in forestry). In addition, their handling requires expertise, is expensive and the scope of their use is still labor intensive.

Attempts have now been made to provide an animal nibbling composition that does not have these and other disadvantages not mentioned in detail, i.e. a composition that applied to a protected tree or shrub would produce a taste-repellent effect in the bark of a tree or shrub. Indeed, for practical reasons, in the vicinity of the habitats, i.e., in the vicinity of the inhabited areas, the means which are displaced by animals are preferable to animals' taste. taste, not smell. Their effect is not dependent on wind irrigation, and its application is not inconvenient for the application workers. In addition, a change in the taste effect with respect to protection has considerable advantages which are immediately noticeable, for example no damage to plants, protection of animals, etc.

It is well known that there are species of tree whose bark contains substances that the game avoids, such as juniper (Juniperus), walnut (Juglans), etc.

Therefore, experiments were carried out with alkaloids containing a pyridine ring found in the bark of the Rubonaceae strain of Cinchon stoma, which is common in South Ameica and grown in warm regions. These alkaloids, or their salts and derivatives, are known from the literature, whose descriptions can be found, for example, in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Technological Chemistry (1929), Vol. 3, pp. 183-193, or in the University textbook Farmakognooia / Nakl. Meeicin, Bnudaest, 1963 /, pp. 206-21 3. The main alkaloids contained in the bark of the cinnamon are characterized by the general formula I

H но-'ХЧ

(1) where R | R ₂ is hydrogen, vidyl or ethyl and R _{2 is} hydrogen, petuxyl or hydroxyl.

Among them, the following are the most needed compounds

* 1 * 2 ruba ^ l -H -H quinine -CH = CH ₂ '(D) -OCH3 / D / quinidine -CH = CH ₂ (L) -OCH3 / L / cinchonin -CH = CH ₂ (D) -H / D / ^ nchonié in -CH = CH 2 (L) -H / L / kuprein -CH = CH 2 (L) . -OH / L / hydrucinchunin -CH 2 -CH 3 -OCH3

In the course of the experiments, a surprisingly good animal-detrimental effect has been found in the formula I and its derivatives. .

Alkaloid salts formed with inorganic and organic acids, such as sulphate, chloride, formic acid, acetate, lactate, valeran and citrate, are sparingly soluble in water, readily soluble in alcohol, and the defoliation effect is already present when the trees are sprayed with a 0.01% solution.

The composition according to the invention comprises 5 to 99.5% by weight, preferably 85% by weight, of a porous inorganic and / or organic film former, such as gypsum, cement and optionally softened vinyl resin-based synthetic resin filler, polyvinyl acetate, hereinafter as active ingredient 0.1 to 15% hmoSnosSních 8 preferably 0.5% by weight, an alkaloid or alkaloid contained in the bark of the cinchona tree, formula 1, wherein R j and R j ₂ mm and from above. ^ defined, inorganic or organic salts, and derivatives, and optionally up to 100% additive (s) such as flavor enhancers, preferably magnesium sulphate, antifoams, nonionic and / or anionic emulsions, preferably non-phenylphenyl poloyl glycol ethers and / or sodium acyl sulfonate, as well as indifferent substances.

Suitably, the composition is used in the form of a spray coating and is therefore stored in the form of a powder or suspension. In the case of an aqueous suspension, it can be applied to the surface to be protected in an organic, synthetic polymer dispersion or in erythema, or in solution, thereby ensuring that the repellent agent adheres to the surface. The plasticized aqueous synthetic resin based on vinyl copolymers, pouužtá preferably polymer-like surface formed on _one posézutj uzduci propouutěíící coating and hence does not prevent the development and assimilation rostlónných Cass. A good result is also obtained when the composition is in some other form that satisfies the aforementioned conditions. This may be, for example, a glue-based paint, an ink-based paint, a polyurethane-based paint and / or a paint, preferably water-dilutable, containing a film-forming polymer. But he has to take care. In order to select components that withstand early changes for the formulation, air permeable coatings, such as dextrin, lactose, corn starch, agar-agar, etc., and / or minerals such as fine cement and gypsum may be present. . In order to facilitate dispersion of the pulverulent formulations in water, the formulation according to the invention may contain anionic and non-ionic emulsifiers, for example alkali metal salts of fatty acids, sulfonates and ethoxylated esters.

The composition according to the invention comprises granulating, fixing and / or carrier substances which are not toxic to warm-blooded, non-phytoxic plants and are absorbed early, so that the repellent effect of the composition is maintained for a long time. The composition according to the invention is odorless, easy to apply, easy to use and free of. indirect side effects.

The invention will be explained in more detail by means of several exemplary embodiments, which however do not limit it.

Example 1

Softened, aqueous vinyl resin / polyvinyl acetate synthetic resin; sold under the trade name Diszppíпcct of the Budapest company Buudaakk / containing 40 to 50% dry substance

85 <7 / 0 ciiolocilorld 0.1 % ntanol 0.1 OF magnesium sulphate ‘ 1, 0 OF water 13.8 OF

The quinone chloride is admixed in the form of a 50% by weight methanolic solution of vinyl acetate dispersion containing 40 to 50% dry substance, then the desired amount of magnesium sulfate is added slowly with stirring as a 25% solution. The Zn suspensions obtained in this manner are prepared using a 30% spray composition and applied by spraying equipment suitable for plant protection agents to the surface to be protected.

Example 2

Softened synthetic resin dispersion - based on vinyl acetate / sold under the trade name Eimix by the Budapest company Buudaakk / containing 40 to 50% dry substance

98266

85 Z quinine sulfate 0.5! ethanol 0,5: water 14,0:

A 50Z solution of quinine sulfate in ethanol is prepared, and a synthetic resin dispersion is mixed with vigorous stirring. A 20Z spray composition is prepared prior to use.

Example 3 quinine hydrosulfate 1% magnesium sulphate 5 Z active silica gel / Ultrasil or Aerosil of West German company Degussa AG / 10 Z cement 5 Z caseinate 4 Z kaolin 69 Z N-lignin sulfonate 3 Z Lomar antifoam / USA product Nobco / 1 Z Arkopon T anionic emulsifier / product of West German company Hoechst / 2 Z

The composition of this composition is homogenized, then milled to a grain size of 30-40 µm and the water-wettable powder composition thus obtained is sprayed onto the protected surface in the form of a 10Z aqueous emulsion.

In order to supplement the examples, the results of the experiments carried out in the wild with the composition produced according to example 1 are collected in the table below.

Plant Damage in Z ⁺ / Mon 1 month ago 3 months 5 months Golden rain / Laburnum anagyroldes / 15.7 17.0 27.5 Apple trees - kind Stema-Reed 6.2 8.7 9.0 Jonathan 11.7 15.0 17.5 Starking 2.9 7.5 8.0 Black pine / Pinus nigra / 9.7 13.0 13.2 pine / Pinus silvestris / 5.2 7.8 8.0 Red oak / Quercus rubra / 13.7 23.2 23.1 summer oak / Quercus robur / 12.0 20.0 20.1

⁺ / Damage to untreated control plants was taken as 100 Z

The results of the experiments with the composition produced according to Example 1 are compared in the following table to the known compositions.

Repulsive means Damage in Z Cervakol / hand applied / 20.3 Fekama WM 308 / hand applied / 20.6 Fekama WM 308 / syringe applied / 25.3 Fekama SWM / hand applied / 42.0 Fekama SWM / syringe applied / 23.0 Dendrokol 17 / hand applied / 29.3 Ďendrokol 17 / syringe applied / 1 6,3

Table continuation

Odρpjujicíidlo. Damage in Z Nevíbes / spray gun applied / 7.0 Nevíbes / depressed application / 5.6 Koonrola 44.3

CervakoO, Fekama WM 308, Fekama SUM and Dendrokol 17 are commercially available from the Austrian company Avvnnrrus. The Nevibes composition corresponds to the composition produced according to Example 1. Percent damage was found three months after application as an average of three times 100 plants damage.

The invention without claiming to be exhaustive enumerates the following advantages.

The composition of the composition, which is odorless and free of side effects, is simple, easy to transport, diluted without danger, easy to apply to plants, and remains visible on the plants to facilitate control. Rootlins and animals are not treated, the effect of the composition is rapid and successful.

Claims (4)

A composition for the protection of plants against animal biting, in particular farmed game, comprising 5 to 99.5% by weight, preferably 85% by weight, of porous inorganic and / or organic film-forming substances, such as gypsum, quartz, optionally plasticized, vinyl-polymer-based synthetic resin-based filler, polyvinyl acetate, furthermore as active ingredient 0.1 to 15% by weight, and preferably 0.5% by weight, alkaloid or alkaloid contained in the bark quinquina general formula I wherein R represents hydrogen, a vinyl group or an ethyl group and R ₂ is hydrogen, methoxy or hydroxyl, inorganic or organic salts and derivatives thereof, and optionally in m ^ ^^^ IL things have 100 Additional additive (s) such as flavor enhancers, preferably magnesium sulphate, antifoam, nonionic and / or anionic emulsifiers, preferably non-phenyl polyglycoether and / or as well as indifferent carriers. 2. A composition according to claim 1, comprising 85% of pigmented polyvinyl acetate containing 40-50% of pottotinous dry matter, 0.2% of 50% potent ethanolic Cinchonine Hydrohoride solution, 1% of potassium thiootium sulphate and less than 100% by weight of water. . 3. A composition according to claim 1, characterized in that 4 Z of caseinate, 5 of mass-bearing cement, 69 of evening kaolin, 5 of; - the magnesium sulphate, 1% of quininetilphate, 10% of active silicagel, 3% of sodium lignin sulphate, 1% of quininetilphate, 1% of quininetilphate; о ^ п! antifoam agent and as emulsifier 2 from a mono-active and / or non-ionic emulsifier. 4. A composition according to claim 1 comprising 85 weight percent of pigmented polysilate acetate, 1 weight percent ethanolic solution of 50% ethanol, and 14 weight percent water.