CS197801B1 - Process for long-termed storage of american carnations flowers - Google Patents

Description

The subject of the invention is a method of long-term storage of flowers of American carnations (Dianthus caryophyllus L.), which are the most widespread greenhouse culture to be cut and the most commonly cut flower on the market. The temperate climatic conditions, in particular the lack of light in the winter season, cause great time fluctuations in the production of carnation culture, ie the lack of flowers on the market in autumn and winter and overproduction in summer. These fluctuations in the market supply can eliminate or mitigate the solution of the long-term storage of these flowers.

There is no description in the professional and patent literature of our country and abroad that would solve long-term storage of flowers of American carnations, ie their preservation for 1 to 6 months without detriment to quality, which means maintaining quality standards, subsequent durability and aesthetic appearance. Only ways of prolonging the freshness and appearance of flowers by several days with various preparations, whose composition and method of use are in some cases protected by patents, are mentioned. This is the case with the patents GB 1,442,979 and German Pat. No. 2,163,062 (identical to PR 2,125,505). USSR 504,531 protects the shelf life of gerbera flowers for 15 to 21 days using a specific formulation. A common practice in flower shops is to keep the flowers dry or in water at a reduced temperature for several days, possibly using a commercial preparation to increase durability. The shelf life of these methods is about 14 to 21 days, wherein

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Thus, it is not possible to reliably preserve the flowers of American carnations from their overproduction period until the earliest lack thereof, resulting in the construction of additional production capacities (greenhouses) at considerable costs and high fuel consumption. the subtropical zone, with its own surpluses from the period of overproduction being wasted.

The above-mentioned disadvantages are overcome or substantially reduced by the long-term storage of the American carnation flowers according to the invention, which consists in that the flowers harvested at the bud stage are immersed in the aqueous solution of 0.005 to 0.01% by weight of the stem. silver nitrate are stored at 0 ° C to + 2 ° C in the absence of light; before shipment, the bottom of the stem is placed in an aqueous solution of 0.005 to 0.01 wt. silver nitrate containing 5 to 10% by weight of sugar and allowed to bloom in the light up to + 25 ° C

The method described and described in detail below is based on the finding that a blooming flower of American carnations cannot be dried for a long time without deterioration of its appearance by creasing, wilting, mold and bacteriosis, and the like. . For this reason, the solution is oriented to the storage of closed flower buds, which, however, must not be artificially flowed before their sale. For storage we therefore harvest closed pointed buds with a hint of flower color, preferably from healthy thick stands, regularly chemically treated. It is possible to harvest, especially when destroying the culture even smaller stages of buds up to a green bud of about 20 mm large, in which case it is necessary to count on achieving a smaller flower diameter. The harvested plants are sorted according to event. Stage development buds and cut to the same stem length. The bottom of the stem is cleaned and the plants so treated are placed in non-metallic containers with the bottom of the stem in an aqueous solution of 0.005 to 0.01% by weight. silver nitrate. Containers should be provided with support grids for better plant stability. Metal parts must not come into contact with nitrate. When working, it is necessary to protect the skin from contact with undissolved nitrate. Plants must not be crushed in containers. The containers with the plants are placed in a cold-free cold room, preferably at a temperature of between 0 ° C and + 2 ° C at a constant temperature. The antiseptic solution ensures a constant patency of the blood vessels and prevents wilting. Prior to dispatch, the plants are placed in a solution of 0.005 to 0.01 wt. % of silver nitrate (aqueous solution) and 5 to 10 wt. sugar and are allowed to bloom in the light and at a temperature of up to + 25 ° C, preferably in the range of +18 to +20 ° C. In winter, to accelerate flowering, it is advisable to ensure a temperature of min. +18 ° C and ocular illumination 200 W / m2. Flowering of the colored bud under these conditions takes 2 to 3 days, the smallest stage of the bud is 7 to 12 days. We only give the solution so that the cutting surfaces of the stems are immersed. During the flowering of the plant, the plant receives sufficient antiseptic and nutrient substances, which guarantees the subsequent durability of the flower at least as fresh.

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The flowers are dispatched before they are fully unfolded, after rinsing the stem with running water.

This method allows the preservation of American carnation flowers for a period of 3 to 6 months, which is sufficient time to eliminate overproduction losses of growers. Such preserved flowers will improve the supply of cut flowers to the market in times of scarcity, without deteriorating the quality of the flowers and at minimal cost. At higher realization prices in autumn and winter, they also mean a substantial increase _; labor productivity. Also, reducing the need for flower imports, investing in production equipment and saving fuel and energy can be a high economic benefit of the solution.

Example

100 flower heads of American carnations were cut off at the bud stage and a hint of bgrvy flower. After cleaning the stem and cutting to the same length, the bottom of the stem was immersed in a non-metallic container in an aqueous solution of 0.008% by weight. silver nitrate (AgNO ^) and placed in a cool without light at a temperature between 0 ° C to + 2 ° C as a sample. They were placed in the same cold room as controls;

control 1 - freshly blooming flowers in the same solution as sample control 2 - freshly blooming flowers placed in water control 3 - buds as a sample but placed in water control 4 - freshly blooming flowers closed in a foil PVC control 5 - buds as a dry closed sample PVC foil

1. control test - after 1 month storage;

10 pieces of buds removed from the solution from the cold store, after cutting the bottom of the stem inserted into an aqueous solution of 0.008 wt. % of silver nitrate and 8 wt. sugar and placed in a bright room near the window at the front. temperature +20 ° C. All buds blossomed within 3 days when, after rinsing the stem with water and cutting off, the flowers were placed in a vase of water in the same spot. All flowers gave the impression of freshness without appearance defects for 10 to 12 days.

control 1 - 10 flowers removed from the cold room solution and after trimming, placed in a vase of water and placed in the same place as the sample. The appearance of the flowers did not correspond to the appearance of fresh flowers, the shelf life in an amount of 4 to 5 days, which is lower for fresh flowers (6 to 7 days). Therefore, Control 1 is excluded from further testing.

control 2 - the flowers showed traces of wilting, partial damage to the flower petals by bacteria and fungi, unsuitable for decorative use. Control 2 was therefore excluded from further testing.

Control 3 - buds showed traces of wilting, after treatment and placement as a sample it blossomed only partially without achieving the necessary qualitative characteristics.

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Control 3 therefore excluded from further testing, Control 4 - flowers with traces of creasing flower petals, will not give the impression of freshness, when placed in a vase with water as a sample reduced shelf life of only 3 to 4 days. Control 4 is therefore excluded from further testing.

control 5-10 buds removed from the cold store film and placed in solution and environment as a sample. All buds bloomed within 3 to 4 days. Looks good, flowers smaller than the sample. Shelf life with water under the same conditions as the sample for 6 to 7 days.

2. control test - after 2 months of storage:

sample - the same procedure as in the 1st controls, test. All flower buds have blossomed during the days. In water scales under the same conditions as in the 1st test without visual defects, durability 9-11 days.

control 5 - buds show signs of partial wilting, minor signs of bud and bacterial damage. Not suitable for artificial efflorescence. Control 5 is therefore excluded from further testing.

3. control test - after 4 months of storage:

sample - same procedure as in the 1st and 2nd test. All buds bloomed within 3 days. Durability and decorativeness in a vase with water under conditions as in 1.

and 2) a test of 7-9 days.

4 · control test - after 6 months storage:

sample - the same procedure as in the 1st to 3rd test. All buds bloomed within 3 to 4 days. Durability and decorativeness in a vase with water under the conditions of the 1st test 5 to 7 days.

Claims (2)

A method of long-term storage of flowers of American carnations, characterized in that the flowers harvested at the stage are buds, immersed in the bottom of the stem in an aqueous solution of 0.005 to 0.01% by weight. silver nitrate, stored at 0 to 6 +2 ° C in the absence of light, before dispatch, the bottom of the stem is immersed in an aqueous solution of 0.005 to 0.01 wt. % of silver nitrate and 5 to 10 wt. of sugar and allowed to bloom in light and at a temperature of up to +25 ° C.