CN87217014U - Nematic liquid crystal polarized diffusion type display - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model puts forward a liquid crystal display. Due to the fact that a transparent medium layer which has a specific requirement to refractivity is coated on the electroconductive film of a transparent basic plate according to a definite direction, the liquid crystal display per se has a rise inclined characteristic, and the art of various displayer which are made on the basis of the rise inclined characteristic is simple. Compared with the existing liquid crystal display, the utility model has the advantages of low cost, high speed, low power consumption, high display brightness, a wide view angle, etc. The liquid crystal display can be matched with a CMOS integrated circuit. The liquid crystal display can be widely used for manufacturing the display devices of digitals with a section type and a matrix type, characters, images, televisions, etc.

Description

Nematic liquid crystal polarized diffusion type display

The utility model belongs to field of liquid crystal, is a kind of nematic liquid crystal polarization scattering escope.

LCD is the novel display device that just grows up after the sixties.Common Twisted Nematic LCD, its driving voltage is low, power consumption is little, can be complementary with the low-power consumption of CMOS integrated circuit.Various instruments are developed towards lightweight, pocketization direction.But this display will be with two pieces of polarizing coatings, and light attenuation is big, has reduced visual brightness.If will keep brightness, need to increase the light source power consumption.In addition, the response speed of this display is slow, and the visual angle also is restricted.Another kind of dynamic scattering mode and cholesteric phase---nematic phase is the scattering type liquid crystal display without polarizing coating of transformation type mutually, because of its driving voltage height, power consumption are big, with CMOS integrated circuit coupling difficulty.Application is restricted.

In order to overcome the shortcoming of above-mentioned LCD, the utility model utilize scattering liquid crystal type polarizer polarized light is advanced selective scattering principle design a kind of novel LCD.

Basic structure of the present utility model as shown in Figure 1, 2.Outermost is two transparency carriers 1,2.Baseplate material can be glass, plastics, quartz glass.Its thickness and display sizes adapt, and to satisfy the energy holding liquid crystal, do not produce deformation and are degree.In order to increase transmissivity, increase on the light light incident side surface of substrate and to coat an antireflection layer.On two substrate inner surfaces with sputtering method or hot steaming method or chemical reaction method deposit layer of transparent conductive film 3,4.This film can be that tin is pluged with molten metal in tin oxide or oxidation.Conductive film double as electrodes conduct film, the inboard is coated with transparent dielectric layer 5,6 in a certain direction, and its effect is that liquid crystal molecule is aligned, cause the polarization selection effect, but and the coated electrode film, the electrode fouling liquid crystal prevented, isolated DC component increases the liquid crystal life-span.Require this dielectric layer to have following character: (1) is insoluble to liquid crystal; (2) quality is pure, does not ooze out the material with liquid crystal phase effect or pollution liquid crystal; (3) firm with substrate attachment; (4) in the visible spectrum interval very high transmitance is arranged; (5) refractive index n equals or is similar to the refractive index n perpendicular to bar-shaped nematic crystal molecular long axis direction of liquid crystal material ₁, at this moment be parallel to the refractive index n of long axis of liquid crystal molecule direction ₁₁Greater than n.This transparent dielectric layer can be with pure plastics or resene material, as polyvinyl alcohol (PVA).The surface of the transparent dielectric layer 5,6 on two substrates has at least one to be exasperate.The face that two substrates have a dielectric layer is middlely separated by packing ring 7 in opposite directions, at interval (being gasket thickness) less than 20 μ, packing ring 7 has a breach, form an empty interlayer that has less than 20 μ thickness, and the box of an inlet opening 8 arranged.Four limit peripheries of box are except that being used to inject the required inlet opening of liquid crystal 8, with fluid sealant 9 sealing.Fluid sealant can be used epoxy resin, low-melting glass.Inject positivity nematic crystal 10 with the priming by vacuum method from inlet opening 8.Require liquid crystal to have wide phase transition temperature, big electricity Jie anisotropy, big optical anisotropy, wipe the unnecessary liquid crystal in inlet opening outside after, seal inlet opening with fluid sealant.Fig. 1 is the display side view, and Fig. 2 is a front elevation.

Owing to apply the cause of transparent dielectric layer in a certain direction, the inner liquid crystal molecule of liquid crystal device is subjected to the effect of surface (interface) directed forces, and the major axis of rod shaped liquid crystal molecule is along the coating direction of transparent medium to be arranged.The coating direction of the dielectric layer on two substrates of this display is parallel to each other, arranges so the major axis of the liquid crystal molecule of liquid crystal device inside is equably along the coating direction of dielectric layer---align along face.The liquid crystal film that aligns of molecule homogeneous is just as the monocrystalline of a slice thickness less than the uniaxial crystal of 20 μ, because n like this ₁₁＞n, and the interface between liquid crystal and the transparent dielectric layer is exasperate, thereby this exasperate is a scattering surface.So just cause the scattering of light of respective direction polarization.Again because n ₁Equal or be approximately equal to n, so even the interface between liquid crystal and the dielectric layer is an exasperate, the also non-scattering surface in this interface.The result sees through corresponding polarization luminous energy almost undistortedly, lossless.The mutually perpendicular polarized light of two bundle electric vector vibration directions in the natural light; A branch of transmittance, a branch of being scattered, thus make display have inclined to one side characteristic.In order to make two all scatterings of bundle light, can overlap with two identical aforementioned nematic liquid crystal displays A and B, and the coating direction of the dielectric layer on the substrate of A, B is orthogonal, as shown in Figure 3; Also can overlap two display A and B, but the coating direction of the dielectric layer on the substrate of A, B is orthogonal, two adjacent substrates can be merged into one, can save a substrate, as shown in Figure 4; Also can add a slice polarizing coating 11, as shown in Figure 5 in arbitrary side of a liquid crystal display device (i.e. the lateral surface of a transparency carrier).The display of making like this can fall unscattered a branch of polarized light absorption.So, when not adding driving voltage, no matter be Fig. 3 or Fig. 4, still display shown in Figure 5 all is scattering state to light.After by transparent conductive film liquid crystal layer being added the low-frequency ac driving voltage, owing to the orientation effect of electric field to positivity nematic crystal molecule, the liquid crystal molecule rotational axis direction is and is parallel to the direction of an electric field arrangement, because n ₁Equal or be approximately equal to n, liquid crystal device is non-scattering state.Like this by add with do not add driving voltage control liquid crystal device to light be scattering and non-scattering state, thereby realize demonstration.

Above-mentioned nematic liquid crystal polarization scattering escope, we are referred to as transmission-type.For improving its display performance, can also make reflective.Twisted Nematic LCD be owing to will there be two polarizing coatings, thereby the reflection horizon can only be made in the outside of polarizing coating, and this display itself has had inclined to one side characteristic, so use a slice polarizing coating at the most.As if the light light incident side that the polarizing coating of display shown in Figure 5 is placed device, reflector layer can be made in device inside so, is about to transparency conducting layer 4 usefulness metal reflective layers 12 and substitutes, as shown in Figure 6.Perhaps transparency carrier 2 and the top reflective sheet metal 13 of conductive membrane layer 4 usefulness thereof are substituted, as shown in Figure 7.When making the display application of high information capacity, active matrix directly can be made on silicon chip or the sheet metal, and silicon chip or sheet metal directly substitute a transparency carrier, constitute reflected displaying device.

The LCD that the utility model proposes has obvious superiority than existing LCD.Mainly show as: one, can use no or little polarizing coating, help strengthening image brightness, reduce the illumination power consumption, reduce cost, and can mate with the CMOS integrated circuit; Two, scattering effect only occurs over just liquid crystal and transparent dielectric layer at the interface, the directed forces at interface acts directly on the liquid crystal molecule of near interface, needn't transmit layer by layer through liquid crystal film is intermolecular, thereby response speed is fast than Twisted Nematic LCD; Three, because be the scatter-type display, the visual angle is wide than Twisted Nematic LCD; Four, technology is simple, is convenient to make the uniform display of large tracts of land, can also directly mate with silicon chip.

The display that the utility model proposes can be widely used in makes section type, matrix form, the numeral of active matric, literal, symbol, image, television indicator.Reflective have higher contrast than transmission-type, and transmission-type is more reflective broader purposes arranged, as can be used for light valve, electronic curtain etc.

Claims (8)

1, a kind of nematic liquid crystal polarization scattering escope is made up of nematic crystal, transparency carrier, packing ring, and its structure is:

The one side of (1) two transparency carrier 1,2 has transparent conductive film 3,4,

(2) scribble transparent dielectric layer 5,6 on the conductive film 3,4,

The face that (3) two substrates 1,2 have conductive film and a dielectric layer in opposite directions, it is middle that packing ring 7 thickness have a breach less than 20 μ by separating with substrate shape and packing ring of the same size 7, breach and two substrates formation inlet openings 8,

(4) be nematic crystal in the empty interlayer that packing ring 7 and two substrates 1,2 surround.

It is characterized in that:

(1) refractive index n of above-mentioned transparent dielectric layer equals or is approximately equal to the refractive index n perpendicular to bar-shaped nematic crystal molecular long axis direction of liquid crystal material ₁,

(2) the coating direction of the dielectric layer on the transparency carrier 1,2 is consistent, and the surface is an exasperate,

The coating direction of the dielectric layer on (3) two transparency carriers is parallel to each other,

(4) said nematic crystal is the positivity nematic crystal.

2,, it is characterized in that there is a polarizing coating in transparency carrier 1 outside according to claim 1 LCD.

3, according to the LCD of claim 1, it is characterized in that two identical liquid crystal display device A and B overlap, the coating direction of the transparent dielectric layer of A and B is orthogonal.

4, according to the LCD of claim 1, it is characterized in that two identical liquid crystal display device A and B overlap, the coating direction of the transparent dielectric layer of A and B is orthogonal, and two adjacent transparency carriers are merged into one.

5,, it is characterized in that the transparent conductive film 4 on the substrate 2 changes the metal reflective layer into according to the LCD of claim 2.

6,, it is characterized in that substrate 2 and top conductive film 4 thereof change sheet metal or silicon chip into according to the LCD of claim 2.

7,, it is characterized in that said transparency carrier material is a kind of in glass, plastics, the quartz glass according to the LCD of claim 1 to 6.

8, according to the LCD of claim 1 to 6, the material that it is characterized in that said transparent dielectric layer is the resene material.

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