CN87105849A - 制备合成气的方法和设备 - Google Patents

制备合成气的方法和设备 Download PDF

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CN87105849A
CN87105849A CN87105849.9A CN87105849A CN87105849A CN 87105849 A CN87105849 A CN 87105849A CN 87105849 A CN87105849 A CN 87105849A CN 87105849 A CN87105849 A CN 87105849A
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residue
reactor
escaper
quenching medium
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CN1014422B (zh
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马坦·约翰尼斯·万·德·布格特
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Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij BV
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    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/46—Gasification of granular or pulverulent flues in suspension
    • C10J3/466—Entrained flow processes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
    • C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
    • C01B3/32—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/46—Gasification of granular or pulverulent flues in suspension
    • C10J3/48—Apparatus; Plants
    • C10J3/485—Entrained flow gasifiers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/46—Gasification of granular or pulverulent flues in suspension
    • C10J3/48—Apparatus; Plants
    • C10J3/52—Ash-removing devices
    • C10J3/526—Ash-removing devices for entrained flow gasifiers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/72—Other features
    • C10J3/82—Gas withdrawal means
    • C10J3/84—Gas withdrawal means with means for removing dust or tar from the gas
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10K—PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
    • C10K1/00—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide
    • C10K1/08—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide by washing with liquids; Reviving the used wash liquors
    • C10K1/10—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide by washing with liquids; Reviving the used wash liquors with aqueous liquids
    • C10K1/101—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide by washing with liquids; Reviving the used wash liquors with aqueous liquids with water only
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
    • C10J2300/093—Coal
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/18—Details of the gasification process, e.g. loops, autothermal operation
    • C10J2300/1846—Partial oxidation, i.e. injection of air or oxygen only
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
    • Y02P20/129—Energy recovery, e.g. by cogeneration, H2recovery or pressure recovery turbines

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Abstract

一种在反应器中用含氧气体部分氧化含碳燃料的方法和设备，在该方法中，残渣从反应器底部的排放器排出，靠重力进入水槽冷却。产生的蒸汽首先用来冷却下落中的残渣，此后用做附加急冷气与离开反应器的残渣逆流接触。

Description

本发明涉及在反应器中用含氧气体部分燃烧含碳燃料以制备合成气的方法和所用设备，其中得到的合成气经反应器底部的出口排出，并将其送进与反应器相连并基本上垂直放置在反应器下方的废热锅炉，残渣经反应器底部的出口排出，靠重力通过在废热锅炉内部延伸或与之并排的残渣排放器，进入水槽急冷。
用基本上纯净的氧气做含氧气体部分燃烧含碳燃料生产的合成气，主要由氢气和一氧化碳组成，当所用的含氧气体是空气或富氧空气时，产生出的合成气当然还会含有数量可观的氮气。这里所说的含碳燃料，一般指煤或其它固体燃料，如褐煤、泥煤、木材、焦炭、烟煤等，但液体燃料如油砂油或页岩油，液体和/或颗粒固体燃料的混合物以及烃气也是可用的。
有利的是同时将一种调节剂引入到反应器。其目的是对反应器的温度起到调节作用。这可通过控制调节剂与合成气制备的反应物之间的吸热反应来实现。适用的调节剂是蒸汽和二氧化碳。
气化过程宜在温度范围为1200～1700℃和压力范围为1～200巴的条件下进行。
制备合成气使用的反应器可为球形、圆锥形、卷筒形或圆筒形。反应器的主体最好是圆筒形。
向反应器供给含碳燃料和含氧气体，可采用适用于此目的的任何方式进行。然而，最好是通过设在反应器器壁上成对的燃烧嘴供给燃料和含氧气体以及调节剂。用与反应器轴对称的至少两个燃烧嘴进行供料更为有利。
在部分燃烧反应中生成的液态残渣下落，并通过设在反应器底部的出口排出。众所周知，在气化器底部设置急冷水槽是为了脱除气化过程中形成的残渣，靠重力下落到水槽中的残渣被捕聚，被急冷，然后形成透明的颗粒。用通用设备将残渣颗粒定期或连续地从水槽排出。
另外，已有这样的建议，即在反应器的下方基本上垂直放置一废热锅炉使得残渣、灰分和产品气体通过在气化器底部的唯一出口排出。
本发明的目的是提供一种生产合成气的方法和设备，其中废热锅炉单位气体的效率得到了提高。
因此本发明提供了一种在反应器中用含氧气体部分燃烧含碳燃料以生产合成气的方法，其中将所得合成气从反应器底部出口排出，送入与反应器相连、基本上垂直位于反应器下方的废热锅炉;残渣由反应器底部出口排出，靠重力通过在废热锅炉内延伸或与之并排的残渣排放器，进入水槽，被水进一步冷却;其特征在于向残渣排放器提供一种急冷介质，使其与离开反应器通过所述残渣排放器的残渣接触。
本发明还提供了一种用含氧气体部分燃烧含碳燃料所用的设备，该设备包括底部装有气体出口的反应器;与反应器相连并基本上垂直放置在反应器下方的废热锅炉;在废热锅炉内部或延伸与之并排的残渣排放器;接受残渣的水槽;其特征在于该设备有一供料装置，以向残渣排放器提供急冷介质，使急冷介质与离开反应器通过所述残渣排放器的残渣接触。
在本发明一优选实施方案中，急冷介质（例如一种气体）与残渣逆流接触，急冷介质最好在残渣落入水槽前就送入残渣排放器。
在本发明一优选实施方案中，水槽中的沸水产生蒸汽，可先用其冷却离开气化器和靠重力落入水槽时的残渣，继而用做附加急冷气体冷却产品气。
下面用实施例参照附图对本发明加以详述，图中所示的是本发明之设备纵剖面示意图。
附图介绍了装有一组燃烧嘴2的气化器或反应器1的纵剖面。如果需要，在气化器底部，可用任何适用的急冷介质急冷产品气体。这种急冷介质（例如气体）可通过任一适宜管线4和4′供给。离开气化器的产品气体经出口3进入与气化器1适当连接的，垂直位于其下方的废热锅炉5，废热锅炉包括如盘管或栅板之类的间接传热设施（图中纵向阴影部分所示）。这种废热锅炉并不是本发明的部分，这里不详述，由于本专业领域的技术人员对其操作是熟知的。
离开废热锅炉的产品气体经出口6可能最好是进入适当（干燥）固体脱除器7，灰分从管线8排出。经管线8a离开装置7的无灰尘气体可根据用途用任何适宜的方法进一步加工。
经出口3离开气化器1的残渣（如数字3b所示）靠重力通过残渣排放器3a至水槽9。残渣排放器3a垂直放置在气化器1出口3的下方，且最好由废热锅炉的外壳所包围。气化器，废热锅炉和残渣排放器内的压力应该使得能防止反应器排出的产品气体进入残渣排放器3a。这些工艺特征仅作为结构特征不是本发明的部分，这里不加详述，且由于清晰度的关系也未在附图中表示。经适当的供给装置11可向残渣排放器3a送入适当的急冷介质，例如在残渣与水槽中的水接触之前，使得通过出口3离开气化器的残渣与所述急冷介质逆流接触。（循环）气体或蒸汽可用做急冷介质。水槽的温度达到使水槽9含有沸水。经过沸水槽后，残渣由管线10被送到残渣料斗（未示出）。这里可以采用任何适宜的残渣排除系统。
水槽9中的沸水产生蒸汽（箭头A），可用其冷却离开反应器靠重力向水槽下落的残渣。上述蒸汽和/或附加蒸汽和/或管线11的气体可进一步用做附加急冷气急冷在出口3的产品气体。这样，就可利用离开反应器的残渣所含的热能在废热锅炉中产生蒸汽，因而提高了本发明方法的总热效率。
可取的是在本发明优选的实施方案中，残渣排放器3a也可与废热锅炉并列延伸。
另外，可取的是在本发明优选的实施方案中，前述具体实施方法的规模和工艺条件如下：
装置能力：1000吨/天伊利诺斯6号煤;
气化器生产气体的工艺条件：5.40立方米/秒，25巴，1450℃
用做急冷介质的循环气体的工艺条件：1.75立方米/秒，26巴，200℃;
气化器直径：2.5～3.0米;
气化器长度：5～8米;
气化器出口直径：0.8～1.2米;
残渣排放器直径：0.8～1.2米;
废热锅炉直径：1.5～1.8米;
废热锅炉长度：15～25米，
很明显，本专业领域的技术人员根据前述说明和附图可对本发明进行各种变更或改型。这些变更和改型预料都会包括在本发明权利要求的范围之内。

Claims (8)

1、一种在反应器中用含氧气体部分燃烧含碳燃料以生产合成气的方法，其中所得合成气经反应器底部的出口排出，送入与反应器相连并基本上垂直放置在反应器下方的废热锅炉；残渣经反应器底部的出口排出，靠重力通过在废热锅炉内部延伸或与之并排的排放器进入水槽，被水进一步水冷；其特征在于向所述残渣排放器供给急冷介质，使其与离开反应器通过排放器的残渣接触。
2、根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于所述急冷介质，例如一种气体，与残渣逆流接触。
3、根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于水槽中的沸水产生蒸汽这一步骤，所述蒸汽首先用于冷却残渣，继而用做产品气体的附加急冷气。
4、根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于在残渣与水槽中的水接触前向残渣排放器供给急冷介质。
5、一种用含氧气体部分燃烧含碳燃料所用的设备，该设备包括底部装有气体出口，下方连有基本上垂直放置的废热锅炉的反应器，在废热锅炉内部延伸或与之并排的残渣排放器和接受残渣的水槽;其特征在于有一个向所述残渣排放器供给急冷介质的供料装置，使急冷介质与离开反应器通过所述排放器的残渣接触。
6、根据权利要求5所述设备，其特征在于与残渣逆流的方式供给急冷介质。
7、根据权利要求5所述的设备，其特征在于在残渣与水槽中的水接触之前向所述残渣排放器供给急冷介质。
8、用权利要求1～4的任一方法生产的合成气。
CN87105849A 1986-08-29 1987-08-27 制备合成气的方法和设备 Expired CN1014422B (zh)

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GB8620994 1986-08-29
GB868620994A GB8620994D0 (en) 1986-08-29 1986-08-29 Synthesis gas

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GB673164A (en) * 1948-12-07 1952-06-04 Koppers Co Inc Improvements in the production of gases containing carbon monoxide and hydrogen from finely divided solid fuels
US2931715A (en) * 1956-10-24 1960-04-05 Texaco Inc Apparatus for the gasification of solid fuels
US3007111A (en) * 1957-10-21 1961-10-31 J B T Instr Inc Vibrating reed comb assembly
DE1217014B (de) * 1957-12-13 1966-05-18 Texaco Development Corp Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von Kohlenoxyd und Wasserstoff
US3988123A (en) * 1975-08-15 1976-10-26 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Energy Research And Development Administration Gasification of carbonaceous solids
DE2705558B2 (de) * 1977-02-10 1980-10-23 Ruhrchemie Ag, 4200 Oberhausen Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Vergasen von festen Brennstoffen, insbesondere Kohle durch partielle Oxidation
DE2933514C2 (de) * 1979-08-18 1987-02-12 MAN Gutehoffnungshütte GmbH, 4200 Oberhausen Vorrichtung zum Behandeln von durch Kohlevergasung erzeugtem Synthesegas
DE2951153C2 (de) * 1979-12-19 1981-11-12 M.A.N. Maschinenfabrik Augsburg-Nürnberg AG, 4200 Oberhausen Vorrichtung zum Reinigen und durch Kohlevergasung erzeugtem Synthesegas
US4377132A (en) * 1981-02-12 1983-03-22 Texaco Development Corp. Synthesis gas cooler and waste heat boiler
US4436530A (en) * 1982-07-02 1984-03-13 Texaco Development Corporation Process for gasifying solid carbon containing materials

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EP0258943A3 (en) 1988-08-31
ZA876359B (en) 1988-02-25
AU7763687A (en) 1988-03-03
EP0258943A2 (en) 1988-03-09
GB8620994D0 (en) 1986-10-08
CA1329703C (en) 1994-05-24
AU593935B2 (en) 1990-02-22
DE3778095D1 (de) 1992-05-14
EP0258943B1 (en) 1992-04-08
CN1014422B (zh) 1991-10-23

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