CN87103887A - Components of welding electrode - Google Patents
Components of welding electrode Download PDFInfo
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- CN87103887A CN87103887A CN87103887.0A CN87103887A CN87103887A CN 87103887 A CN87103887 A CN 87103887A CN 87103887 A CN87103887 A CN 87103887A CN 87103887 A CN87103887 A CN 87103887A
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Abstract
The present invention relates to components of welding electrode.
According to the present invention, carbon, manganese, silicon, aluminium, chromium, copper, nickel, calcium, rare earth metal, iron are arranged in the components of welding electrode, and (quality %) is as follows for its component ratio: carbon 0.03～0.25, manganese 0.8～2.2, silicon 0.7～2.2, aluminium 0.005～0.2, chromium 0.01～0.25, copper 0.01～0.25, nickel 0.01～0.25, calcium 0.001～0.02, rare earth metal 0.01～0.1, iron surplus.
Description
The present invention relates to iron and steel industry field, particularly components of welding electrode.
Described welding rod is widely used in making the important weld metal structure and the part of multi-purpose carbon steel and low alloy steel.
As everyone knows, the main application form of welding rod is the active strand or the powdery strand in real core cross section, and its core is made up of alloying component and other mixture of ingredients.
The weld seam of finishing with these welding rods there is series of requirements.These weld seams should have closely knit macrostructure, exhausted flawless, pore, undercut, accumulation and other defective.Also require the mechanical performance of weld seam,, be not less than the basic index of Welding Structure major metal as ultimate strength, yield limit, impact flexibility etc.
When metal structure of welding carbon steel and low alloy steel with welding rod and part, the splash of more serious molten metal takes place.The degree of splash and the mechanical performance of weld seam depend on the composition of welding rod to a great extent.
The composition (Soviet Union's certificate of invention 664797) (quality %) composed of the following components of known solid core cross section welding rod:
Carbon 0.03～0.25
Manganese 0.8～2.2
Silicon 0.7～2.2
Chromium 0.03～1.0
Nickel 0.03～0.45
Zirconium 0.05～0.3
Calcium 0.001～0.02
Copper 0.05～0.6
Aluminium 0.01～0.5
Iron surplus
This composition of welding rod can be realized the welding of carbon steel and low alloy steel and guarantee to improve the antirust stability and the cold conditions stability of weld seam.
But when utilizing above-mentioned welding rod, produce the more serious splash of molten metal.Splash is fallen on goods and the nozzle of the welding gun of making dirty.Thereby it causes heavy remove the operation of splashings and dwindling the protection of pass through cross section destruction electric arc of air nozzle from metal structure.
The another kind of composition of known solid core cross section welding rod, it (quality %) composed of the following components: (Soviet Union's certificate of invention 863264)
Carbon 0.02～0.12
Manganese 0.3～1.0
Silicon 1.0～1.5
Aluminium 0.01～0.2
Chromium 10～14.9
Copper 0.3～1.2
Titanium 0.01～0.2
Rare earth metal 0.01～0.06
Nickel 4～8
Calcium 0.001～0.05
Vanadium 0.05～0.35
Zirconium 0.01～0.2
Molybdenum 2.4～3.5
Iron surplus
It is irrational making heavy type structure with the welding rod of this composition, because wherein contain a large amount of costlinesses and rare element, as chromium, nickel, copper, vanadium, zirconium, molybdenum.
In addition, because the copper of isolating in welding process more than the ε-phase of 0.6% quality worsens weldquality, cause cracking.Adopt this welding rod also to be accompanied by a large amount of losses of metal splash.Above-mentioned components of welding electrode has narrow range of application.It can only weld the metal structure of being made by stainless steel and steel alloy.
Must dispose the splashings on the weldbonding on the metal structure when adopting the welding rod of principal component.The splash of welding base metal at this moment is with a toll of 12%, and the amount of labour of the splashings on the removing goods is 30～35% of the welding job amount of labour.
Use the mechanical performance of the resulting weld seam of known composition welding rod can not satisfy impact flexibility under institute of the institute requirement, particularly zubzero temperature.The macrostructure of gained weld seam is not got rid of the existence of crystal crackle and other defective.
Basic task of the present invention is to set up a kind of components of welding electrode, and it can guarantee that the gained weld seam has sufficiently high mechanical index, and the splash of metal is minimum in welding process simultaneously.
The solution of this task has been to propose such components of welding electrode, and it contains carbon, manganese, and silicon, aluminium, chromium, copper, nickel, calcium, rare earth metal and iron, according to the present invention, it has following component (quality %):
Carbon 0.03～0.25
Manganese 0.8～2.2
Silicon 0.7～2.2
Aluminium 0.005～0.2
Chromium 0.01～0.25
Copper 0.01～0.25
Nickel 0.01～0.25
Calcium 0.001～0.02
Rare earth metal 0.01～0.1
Iron surplus
The amount with selected manganese, silicon and chromium that contains the carbon of 0.03～0.25% quality and join in components of welding electrode has guaranteed the necessary intensity of weld metal.In components of welding electrode, devote the weld seam that the carbon of 0.03% quality can not obtain having desired strength character, necessary carbon content is arranged in weld metal because can not guarantee.It also is inappropriate that carbon content surpasses 0.25% quality, because can form thermal crack(ing in weld seam.
In components of welding electrode, there are manganese, silicon and the chromium of above-mentioned quantity, promptly should be 0.8～2.2 mutually; 0.7～2.2 and 0.01～0.25% weight can guarantee that weld seam has closely knit macrostructure and do not have crackle, pore, undercut, accumulation and other defective.The content of these elements in components of welding electrode is lower than down can not guarantee that in limited time weld seam has closely knit macrostructure.The content of above-mentioned element is increased to above last and causes the embrittlement of weld metal in limited time and its chemical inhomogeneities occurs.
Selected copper amount (0.01～0.25% quality) advantageously influences the antirust stability of weld metal in components of welding electrode.Copper content is increased to the quality that surpasses last butt welding bar in limited time and weld seam adverse effect.In components of welding electrode copper content be lower than down in limited time can not butt welded seam antirust stability exert one's influence.
Content 0.005～0.2% quality of aluminium can guarantee weld metal deoxidation and obtain its micrograined texture on request in the composition of being carried.When aluminium content surpassed 0.2% quality, its calendering plasticity reduced.Aluminium content is lower than the above-mentioned micronize that is not enough to make weld metal deoxidation and structure down in limited time.
In components of welding electrode, has the impact flexibility that nickel in the above-mentioned scope advantageously influences weld metal.When the content of nickel was lower than 0.01% quality, the influence of its impact toughness just can not shown.The nickel that drops in components of welding electrode more than 0.25% quality causes forming its meltable sulfide in weld metal, it distributes along weld line and granule boundary.When weld seam solidified, the liquid level of nickel sulfide lyotrope caused producing the crystal crackle under the condition of the welding stress that has tensioning.
Drop into following ranges in components of welding electrode, promptly the calcium of 0.001～0.02% quality applies favorable influence to shape and the character that changes nonmetal impurities.When being lower than 0.001% quality, the content of calcium can not exert one's influence to changing the nonmetal impurities attitude.The concentration of calcium brought up to exceed the above-mentioned upper limit be irrational economically, also be difficult to actually realize.
In components of welding electrode, drop into aluminium and calcium simultaneously and can access the most favourable form-pelletiod of nonmetallic foreign material.In addition, in components of welding electrode, there is nickel and also impel and obtain high impact flexibility index.This is because the micronize of weld seam microstructure and the change of nonmetal impurities form.
The rare earth metal that contains 0.01～0.1% quality can reduce the splash of metal in the welding process, and improves the impact flexibility of weld metal under the zubzero temperature.Under being lower than, components of welding electrode middle rare earth metal can not exert one's influence to the splash of metal in limited time.It is inappropriate dropping into the rare earth metal that surpasses the upper limit in mentioned component, because the level of metal splash can not reduce, and the outward appearance of weld seam has worsened.
Drop into the rare earth metal of above-mentioned limit, other component in conjunction with giving determined number in the putting forward components of welding electrode causes unexpected effect. and promptly electrode metal becomes droplet (thread) to shift and improved the stability of arc burning in welding process.
Be recommended in the additional titanium that drops in the components of welding electrode, its quantity is total 0.002～0.2% percentage by weight of forming weight.
The additional titanium that drops into above-mentioned quantity can guarantee the further deoxidation that electric welding is bathed in components of welding electrode, the minimizing of electrode metal splash when the refinement of weld metal microstructure and welding.The content of titanium is inappropriate above 0.2% quality in components of welding electrode, because it has worsened calendering plasticity.When the content of titanium is less than 0.002% quality, can't see the refinement of weld metal microstructure.
More than 0.01% quality, titanium is no less than 0.02% quality at the content of components of welding electrode middle rare earth metal, and aluminium is more than 0.005% quality, and these several combine and can obtain the high target of weld seam impact toughness.
Proposed components of welding electrode guarantees stable electrogas arc welding process, and the splash degree minimum of electrode metal.
Splash coefficient ψ when for example, using proposed components of welding electrode is than low 4～10 times of the splash coefficient of principal component.Welding process is characterised in that the droplet (thread) of electrode metal shifts.The electric arc breaking length of arc burning stability in the decision welding process is higher 1.5～2 times than the electric arc breaking length of principal component.
In addition, be characteristics with the resulting weld seam of proposed components of welding electrode with closely knit macrostructure, there are not crackle, pore, undercut, accumulation and other defective.The Sha Er of band v-notch exceeds 10～30 joules (J) than the ballistic work (KV) of (Wapnu) welded specimen under 253 ° of K temperature.Use proposed components of welding electrode also improve weld seam the strength characteristics index (Rm, Re).
Proposed components of welding electrode can be used in shipbuilding, locomotive and compartment manufacturing, automobile making, crane manufacturing, and chemical machinery, petroleum machinery, agricultural machinery manufacturing, building industry and other need the department of metal to make important weld metal structure.The welding rod of the composition of advising can be used for replacing the welding rod in the real core of known standard cross section to weld (carbon dioxide, the mixture of active gases, the mixture of argon base gas) in the medium of protective gas.
The welding rod of proposed composition is used for replacing the powdery welding rod in the time of can also welding in carbon dioxide.
Proposed components of welding electrode is preferably used in automatically and the welding of mechanization.Their result of use is best during with robot welding.
The production method of components of welding electrode does not require complicated, expensive equipment and the rare and expensive material of use.
The method that obtains components of welding electrode is simple at process aspect, and realizes in the following manner.
Composition can be in converter, obtains in electric furnace and the open hearth.For this reason will be the original component quantity on request steelmaking equipment of packing into, fusing is kept required time, is injected steel ladle and mold then.Metal is cast steel ingot, and rolls into lines.
The lines of producing diameter 5.5～6.5mm from the composition that obtains do not have technologic difficulty.The mechanical performance of lines is as follows: ultimate strength is not more than 740MPa, and compression deformability is not less than 48%.
From lines, make welding rod can be earlier the lines cold-drawn to more than the diameter 0.8mm, copper facing or not copper facing subsequently.The ultimate strength of gained welding rod reaches 830～1320MPa.
In order further to understand the present invention, lift some specific embodiment below.
(embodiment 1)
The following components of welding electrode of melting (quality)
Carbon 0.13
Manganese 2.0
Silicon 1.5
Chromium 0.20
Copper 0.15
Aluminium 0.12
Nickel 0.20
Calcium 0.007
Rare earth metal 0.08
Iron surplus
Mentioned component obtains in steelmaking equipment.The original components of fusing necessary amounts, the melt of liquid is kept a period of time and is injected steel ladle then.Metal is cast steel ingot, and the latter rolls into lines, rolls into the welding rod of diameter 1.6mm then.
Welding rod with mentioned component welds in the carbon dioxide gas body medium, and the thickness of steel sample is 20mm, contains the carbon of 0.14～0.21% quality.Being welded on low level carries out.DC current values is 380～400A, and arc voltage is 32～34V, and this is the makers' condition of heavy duty crane.In the process that the welding rod with mentioned component welds, electrode metal is that droplet (thread) shifts.The electric arc breaking length is in 18～20mm scope.The gained welding rod does not have pore, crackle and other gross imperfection.
In order to compare, under equal conditions weld, principal component following (quality %) with the welding rod of principal component sample to similar size:
Carbon 0.12
Manganese 1
Silicon 1
Aluminium 0.15
Chromium 12
Copper 0.5
Titanium 0.15
Rare earth metal 0.05
Nickel 5
Calcium 0.007
Vanadium 0.2
Zirconium 0.15
Molybdenum 3.1
Iron surplus
In with the process that the welding rod of principal component welds, observe big the dripping of electrode metal and shift, and splash is arranged.The electric arc breaking length is 9～12mm.The weld seam that obtain this moment does not have pore.But because the copper of more amount is arranged in mentioned component, it is separated out with the form of particulate phase, therefore visible crystalloid crackle in weld metal.
The feature of welding process and the mechanical performance index of gained weld seam when table 1 has been listed with the welding rod of the principal component and the composition of proposing.
Table 1
The mechanical property of metal welding seam during the weldering welding
The sample of bar splash coefficient ultimate strength yield limit band V-notch exists
Become ψ, % Rm, Re tests under 253 ° of K temperature
Ballistic work KV when dividing MPa MPa, J
Known 14～15 480～520 340～360 21～30
1.9～2.2 540～550 390～430 48～52 of proposal
From the listed data of table 1 as seen, welding rod that use to propose composition reduces the splash of electrode metal greatly and improves the mechanical property, the particularly impact flexibility of weld seam under zubzero temperature of weld seam.
(embodiment 2)
Refine the welding rod of following composition (quality %):
Carbon 0.03
Manganese 0.8
Silicon 0.7
Chromium 0.01
Copper 0.01
Aluminium 0.006
Nickel 0.01
Calcium 0.001
Rare earth metal 0.01
Iron surplus
In the carbon dioxide gas body medium, weld the steel sample of carbon containing 0.07～0.12% quality of thick 20mm with the welding rod of mentioned component.Welded condition is similar to embodiment 1 with the locus.Be welded under the agricultural machinery manufacturing condition and carry out.
With the result of the welding rod welded specimen of mentioned component, the considerable droplet (thread) of clipping electrode metal shifts.The macrostructure of weld metal does not have defective.The characteristic of welding process and the character of weld metal are listed in table 2.
Table 2
The mechanical property of metal welding seam during welding
The sample of splash coefficient ultimate strength yield limit band V-notch exists
ψ, % Rm, MPa Re tests under 253 ° of K temperature of MPa
The time ballistic work KV, J
1.9～2.3 540～580 410～430 50～60
(embodiment 3)
Refine the welding rod of following ingredients (quality %):
Carbon 0.25
Manganese 2.18
Silicon 2.19
Chromium 0.25
Copper 0.20
Aluminium 0.20
Nickel 0.23
Calcium 0.017
Rare earth metal 0.09
Iron surplus
Welding rod with diameter 1.2mm in the carbon dioxide gas body medium welds in the upright position.Steel sample to carbon containing 0.07～0.12% quality of thick 20mm welds.DC current values 140～160A, arc voltage 19～21V.
The droplet (thread) of generating electrodes metal shifts when using the welding rod welded specimen of mentioned component.Weld seam does not have defective.The characteristic of welding process and weld metal character are listed in table 3.
Table 3
The mechanical property of metal welding seam during welding
The sample of splash coefficient ultimate strength yield limit band V-notch exists
ψ, % Rm, MPa Re tests under 253 ° of K temperature of MPa
The time ballistic work KV, J
2.1～2.8 580～600 420～460 47～51
(embodiment 4)
Refine the welding rod of following ingredients (quality %):
Carbon 0.17
Manganese 1.2
Silicon 1.5
Chromium 0.15
Copper 0.15
Aluminium 0.017
Nickel 0.16
Calcium 0.009
Rare earth metal 0.06
Iron surplus
Welding rod with mentioned component welds the steel sample of the thick carbon that contains 0.08～0.13% quality of 20mm in the carbon dioxide gas body medium.Welded condition is similar to embodiment 1 with the locus.Welding is to carry out under the condition of compartment manufacturing enterprise.
With the result of the welding rod welded specimen of mentioned component, the droplet (thread) of observing electrode metal shifts.Welding does not have defective.The characteristic of welding process and weld seam character are listed in table 4.
Table 4
The mechanical property of metal welding seam during welding
The sample of splash coefficient ultimate strength yield limit band V-notch exists
ψ, % Rm, MPa Re tests under 253 ° of K temperature of MPa
The time ballistic work KV, J
2.3～2.9 570～600 400～450 52～58
(embodiment 5)
Refine the welding rod of following ingredients (quality %)
Carbon 0.09
Manganese 1.0
Silicon 2.0
Chromium 0.11
Copper 0.25
Aluminium 0.17
Nickel 0.10
Calcium 0.02
Rare earth metal 0.02
Iron surplus
Welding rod with mentioned component welds the sample that is similar among the embodiment 4.Be equal among welded condition and locus and the embodiment 1.Welding is to carry out under the condition of shipbuilding enterprise.
With the result of the welding rod welded specimen of mentioned component, the droplet (thread) of observing electrode metal shifts.Weld seam does not have defective.The weld seam character of welding process is listed in table 5.
Table 5
The mechanical property of metal welding seam during welding
The sample of splash coefficient ultimate strength yield limit band V-notch exists
ψ, % Rm, MPa Re tests under 253 ° of K temperature of MPa
The time ballistic work KV, J
2.4～30 570～590 400～440 48～53
(embodiment 6)
Refine the welding rod of following ingredients (quality %):
Carbon 0.05
Manganese 0.8
Silicon 2.0
Chromium 0.03
Copper 0.10
Aluminium 0.10
Nickel 0.03
Calcium 0.018
Rare earth metal 0.04
Iron surplus
Welding rod with mentioned component welds the sample that is similar among the embodiment 4.Be equal among the locus of welded condition and the embodiment 1.Welding condition is with embodiment 1.
With the result of the welding rod welded specimen of mentioned component, the droplet (thread) of observing electrode metal shifts.Weld seam does not have defective.The characteristic of welding process and weld seam character are listed in table 6.
Table 6
The mechanical property of metal welding seam during welding
The sample of splash coefficient ultimate strength yield limit band V-notch exists
ψ, % Rm, MPa Re tests under 253 ° of K temperature of MPa
The time ballistic work KV, J
2.1～2.7 520～560 390～440 49～55
(embodiment 7)
Refine the welding rod of following ingredients (quality %):
Carbon 0.03
Manganese 0.87
Silicon 0.79
Chromium 0.01
Copper 0.02
Aluminium 0.009
Nickel 0.02
Calcium 0.017
Rare earth metal 0.01
Titanium 0.002
Iron surplus
Welding rod with mentioned component welds the sample that is similar among the embodiment 2.Be equal among welded condition and locus and the embodiment 1.Welding is to carry out under the condition of shipbuilding enterprise.
With the result of above-mentioned welding rod welded specimen, the droplet (thread) of observing electrode metal shifts.Weld seam does not have defective.The characteristic of welding process and weld seam character are listed in table 7.
Table 7
The mechanical property of metal welding seam during welding
The sample of splash coefficient ultimate strength yield limit band V-notch exists
ψ, % Rm, MPa Re tests under 253 ° of K temperature of MPa
The time ballistic work KV, J
1.6～2.0 520～560 380～410 55～65
(embodiment 8)
Refine the welding rod of following ingredients (quality %):
Carbon 0.25
Manganese 2.2
Silicon 2.17
Chromium 0.25
Copper 0.25
Aluminium 0.18
Nickel 0.25
Calcium 0.02
Rare earth metal 0.10
Titanium 0.20
Iron surplus
Welding rod with mentioned component welds the sample that is similar among the embodiment 2.
Welded condition and locus and embodiment 3 are equal to.Welding condition is with embodiment 3.
With the result of the welding rod welded specimen of mentioned component, the droplet (thread) of observing electrode metal shifts.Weld seam does not have defective.The characteristic of welding process and weld seam character are listed in table 8.
Table 8
The mechanical property of metal welding seam during welding
The sample of splash coefficient ultimate strength yield limit band V-notch exists
ψ, % Rm, MPa Re tests under 253 ° of K temperature of MPa
The time ballistic work KV, J
1.8～2.1 560～580 480～500 52～58
(embodiment 9)
Refine the welding rod of following ingredients (quality %):
Carbon 0.16
Manganese 1.10
Silicon 1.80
Chromium 0.17
Copper 0.14
Aluminium 0.015
Nickel 0.10
Calcium 0.008
Rare earth metal 0.05
Titanium 0.11
Iron surplus
Welding rod with mentioned component welds the sample that is similar among the embodiment 2.Welded condition and locus and embodiment 1 are equal to.Welding is to carry out under the condition of locomotive manufacturing enterprises.
With the result of the welding rod welded specimen of mentioned component, the droplet (thread) of observing electrode metal shifts.Weld seam does not have defective.The characteristic of welding process and weld seam character are listed in table 9.
Table 9
The mechanical property of metal welding seam during welding
The sample of splash coefficient ultimate strength yield limit band V-notch exists
ψ, % Rm, MPa Re tests under 253 ° of K temperature of MPa
The time ballistic work KV, J
1.5～2.0 570～590 470～510 57～61
(embodiment 10)
Refine the welding rod of following ingredients (quality %):
Carbon 0.08
Manganese 1.43
Silicon 1.56
Chromium 0.034
Copper 0.06
Aluminium 0.05
Nickel 0.05
Calcium 0.01
Rare earth metal 0.02
Titanium 0.03
Iron surplus
Welding rod with mentioned component welds the sample that is similar among the embodiment 4.Welded condition and locus and embodiment 1 are equal to.Welding is to carry out under the enterprise condition of building industry.
Carry out the result of welded specimen with the welding rod of mentioned component, the droplet (thread) of observing electrode metal shifts.Weld seam does not have defective.The characteristic of welding process and weld seam character are listed in table 10.
Table 10
The mechanical property of metal welding seam during welding
The sample of splash coefficient ultimate strength yield limit band V-notch exists
ψ, % Rm, MPa Re tests under 253 ° of K temperature of MPa
The time ballistic work KV, J
1.6～2.2 580～570 400～470 50～57
(embodiment 11)
Refine the welding rod of following ingredients (quality %):
Carbon 2.2
Manganese 1.70
Silicon 0.71
Chromium 0.06
Copper 0.13
Aluminium 0.12
Nickel 0.17
Calcium 0.05
Rare earth metal 0.015
Titanium 0.07
Iron surplus
Welding rod with mentioned component welds the sample that is similar among the embodiment 4.Welded condition and locus and embodiment 1 are equal to.
With the result of the welding rod welded specimen of mentioned component, the droplet (thread) of observing electrode metal shifts.Weld seam does not have defective.The characteristic of welding process and weld seam character are listed in table 11.
Table 11
The mechanical property of metal welding seam during welding
The sample of splash coefficient ultimate strength yield limit band V-notch exists
ψ, % Rm, MPa Re tests under 253 ° of K temperature of MPa
The time ballistic work KV, J
1.7～2.1 520～580 390～450 52～60
Claims (2)
1. components of welding electrode, it contains carbon, manganese, silicon, aluminium, chromium, copper, nickel, calcium, rare earth metal and iron, and the content that it is characterized in that said components is in following ratio (quality %):
Carbon 0.03～0.25
Manganese 0.8～2.2
Silicon 0.7～2.2
Aluminium 0.005～0.2
Chromium 0.01～0.25
Copper 0.01～0.25
Nickel 0.01～0.25
Calcium 0.001～0.02
Rare earth metal 0.01～0.1
Iron all the other
2. according to the composition of claim 1, it is characterized in that it also additionally contains titanium, its quantity is 0.002～0.2% of total mixture quality.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 87103887 CN1013085B (en) | 1987-05-29 | 1987-05-29 | Components of welding electrode |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 87103887 CN1013085B (en) | 1987-05-29 | 1987-05-29 | Components of welding electrode |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN87103887A true CN87103887A (en) | 1988-12-14 |
| CN1013085B CN1013085B (en) | 1991-07-10 |
Family
ID=4814619
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 87103887 Expired CN1013085B (en) | 1987-05-29 | 1987-05-29 | Components of welding electrode |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN1013085B (en) |
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-
1987
- 1987-05-29 CN CN 87103887 patent/CN1013085B/en not_active Expired
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| CN101913034A (en) * | 2010-07-30 | 2010-12-15 | 西安理工大学 | Low-hydrogen basic electrode for manual metal arc welding of FV520 (B) stainless steel |
| CN101913034B (en) * | 2010-07-30 | 2012-11-07 | 西安理工大学 | Low-hydrogen basic electrode for manual metal arc welding of FV520 (B) stainless steel |
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| US11897063B2 (en) | 2012-05-24 | 2024-02-13 | Hobart Brothers Llc | Systems and methods for low-manganese welding wire |
| US11904415B2 (en) | 2012-05-24 | 2024-02-20 | Hobart Brothers Llc | Systems and methods for low-manganese welding wire |
| US10589388B2 (en) | 2013-05-08 | 2020-03-17 | Hobart Brothers Llc | Systems and methods for low-manganese welding alloys |
| US11577345B2 (en) | 2013-05-08 | 2023-02-14 | Hobart Brothers Llc | Systems and methods for low-manganese welding alloys |
| CN106573347A (en) * | 2014-08-12 | 2017-04-19 | 霍伯特兄弟公司 | Systems and methods for low-manganese welding alloys |
| CN106573347B (en) * | 2014-08-12 | 2020-06-16 | 霍伯特兄弟公司 | Systems and methods for low manganese welding alloys |
| US10722986B2 (en) | 2015-12-11 | 2020-07-28 | Hobart Brothers Llc | Systems and methods for low-manganese welding wire |
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| CN1013085B (en) | 1991-07-10 |
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