CN87100246B - 抗渗碳耐热合金 - Google Patents
抗渗碳耐热合金 Download PDFInfo
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- CN87100246B CN87100246B CN87100246A CN87100246A CN87100246B CN 87100246 B CN87100246 B CN 87100246B CN 87100246 A CN87100246 A CN 87100246A CN 87100246 A CN87100246 A CN 87100246A CN 87100246 B CN87100246 B CN 87100246B
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- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 6
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000005120 petroleum cracking Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000004073 vulcanization Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005255 carburizing Methods 0.000 description 13
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 206010021143 Hypoxia Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 3
- 208000018875 hypoxemia Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910001339 C alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005987 sulfurization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003245 working effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002064 alloy oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000006708 antioxidants Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000994 depressogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明是每种成份都低于50%的以Cr、Ni、Fe为基体的、含Si、Mn等元素的抗渗碳耐热合金,其特征是含有稀土金属,大大提高了合金的耐高温氧化、硫化性能。本发明的合金可以铸造成型、锻造加工,具有良好的可焊性和机械加工性能,其抗渗碳性能比目前常用的HP-40合金提高6倍,可广泛用于石油裂解、煤的气化等低氧势、高碳势的高温腐蚀环境中,作为设备、炉管用材料。
Description
本发明是以Cr、Ni、Fe为基体的抗渗碳耐热合金,属于每一种成份都低于50%的合金领域。
石油化学、煤化学等化学工业环境是低氧势下复杂混合气体的高温腐蚀环境,对设备、炉管具有很强的腐蚀性,而工业生产却要求这些设备、炉管长期连续安全运行。石油裂解和煤的气化工业中面临的是低氧势、高碳势的高温环境,最易发生的事故是设备及炉管的渗碳开裂,影响正常生产。目前在这些工业中应用最多的是304不锈钢、HP-40合金及Croloy800合金炉管。我国引进的石油裂解设备就采用了后二种合金,其主要成份是Cr、Ni、Fe,还有Si和Mn。但用这些合金制成的炉管曾多次发生渗碳开裂。对高温炉管及设备的渗碳和抗渗碳材料的研究已引起材料和腐蚀科学界的普遍重视。近年来,日本公开特许公报公布了一系列耐热抗渗碳合金专利。例如:久保田铁工株式会社申请的特开昭60-59051、60-165344、60-165345及在英国申请的GB2091295,GB2090864等,这些专利申请都是适用于石油裂解工业使用的有优良抗渗碳性能的耐热铸钢,基本成份也是Cr、Ni、Fe,但都含有较高含量的W(达0.3~5%),而W的价格昂贵,另外,还有N、B等非金属元素,冶炼时难以控制。这些专利所报导的都是铸造合金。其中特开昭60-59051报导的材料在实际使用时,还说明要经铝扩散渗透处理,否则其抗渗碳性能将降低1/2到2/3。又如三菱重工申请的特开昭56-150169、56-158848、56-158849及特开昭58-73741,其基本成份仍是Cr、Ni、Fe,但有较高含量的Cu(1-5%)或Nb、Zr等。与久保田铁工的申请相比,提高了压延性。上述专利文献中的耐热抗渗碳合金基体的重量百分比基本上是Cr:20-30,Ni:30-40,其实际合金基体的Cr、Ni分别为25和35左右,其性能HP-40相近。
为了满足我国石油裂解和煤的气化工业的迫切需要,解决生产中出现的高温渗碳开裂等问题,本发明的目的是:在研究了合金元素对Cr、Ni、Fe基合金高温渗碳、高温氧化、硫化及高温强度的影响的基础上,寻求合金元素的种类和含量的最佳组合,以得到有优良的抗高温渗碳性能、抗高温氧化、硫化性能及有良好高温强度的抗渗碳耐热合金,这种合金要满足铸造和变形、焊接、机械加工的基本性能要求。
为提高合金的抗渗碳性能,本发明利用Cr、Ni对渗碳的阻碍作用,将合金基体的Cr与Ni含量提高到29-31%及39-41%,提高Si含量能增强CrNiFe合金的抗渗碳能力,本发明将合金中Si含量提高到能保证其加工和焊接性能的最大值,即1.8-2.2%。另外加入适量的Nb、Ti、Mo,以与渗入的碳形成碳化物,阻止碳向合金内部扩散。还加入Mn及Al以提高合金组织稳定性和高温强度。为提高合金的抗氧化、硫化能力,进一步提高合金的耐高温腐蚀性能,本发明添加了有显著增强合金氧化膜的保护性和结合力的稀土金属。稀土金属的加入还使合金中Si的抗高温氧化能力得到充分发挥,有效地提高了使用寿命。添加的稀土金属可以是Ce、Y、La或混合稀土,加入量为0.2-0.3%。从降低成本出发,最好选用市售的总稀土含量不小于98%的Ce40-1混合稀土。
表1列出了本发明实施例的合金成份。同时列出目前使用的HP-40、Croloy-800及日本专利特开昭60-59051、56-150169所提出的合金成份,以资比较。
表2与表3列出了本发明合金的室温机械性能和高温持久性能,也列出了目前通用合金HP-40的性能作为比较。
表4列出了本发明和HP-40合金在同样的渗碳条件下(603渗碳剂在900℃下,液体渗碳8小时)合金的渗碳深度。
表5表示本发明和HP-40合金的抗高温硫化-氧化性能。试验条件是在硫-空气混合气体下,600℃、50小时进行高温腐蚀。表中列出了不同硫蒸气压下的腐蚀厚度损失。
由表可见,本发明的合金其抗渗碳性能比HP-40合金提高6倍,抗高温氧化、硫化性能及高温强度也比HP-40好得多。
本发明的合金具有良好的组织稳定性、可焊性和热加工性能,可以铸造成型、锻造加工。其浇注温度一般为1400-1500℃,锻造温度1100~1300℃,终锻温度800-900℃。合金也可以进行各种切削加工。本发明可广泛用于石油裂解和煤的气化工业等低氧势、高碳势的高温腐蚀环境中。实际试用证明,本发明的合金作为炉管、设备用材料,可大大提高设备及炉管的使用寿命,减少事故,保证生产正常进行。
Claims (1)
1、一种以Cr、Ni、Fe为基体的抗渗碳耐热合金,其特征在于含有(重量%)39-41Ni、29-31Cr、0.35-0.45C、1.8-2.2Si、1.0-1.5Mn、0.3-0.6Mo、0.2-0.3Ti、0.4-0.6Al、0.2-0.3稀土金属(Ce、Y、La或混合稀土)、余量Fe。
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN87100246A CN87100246B (zh) | 1987-03-13 | 1987-03-13 | 抗渗碳耐热合金 |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN87100246A CN87100246B (zh) | 1987-03-13 | 1987-03-13 | 抗渗碳耐热合金 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN87100246A CN87100246A (zh) | 1988-09-21 |
| CN87100246B true CN87100246B (zh) | 1988-11-02 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN87100246A Expired CN87100246B (zh) | 1987-03-13 | 1987-03-13 | 抗渗碳耐热合金 |
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| Country | Link |
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| CN (1) | CN87100246B (zh) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100415926C (zh) * | 2006-01-20 | 2008-09-03 | 烟台百思特炉管厂 | 微合金化处理的镍铬高温合金材料及其制备方法 |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP3916484B2 (ja) * | 2002-03-05 | 2007-05-16 | 独立行政法人科学技術振興機構 | 耐高温酸化性に優れたNi合金耐熱材料およびその製造方法 |
| CN102399570B (zh) * | 2010-09-16 | 2014-08-27 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 一种抑制乙烯裂解炉辐射段炉管结焦和渗碳的方法 |
| CN104451331A (zh) * | 2014-11-17 | 2015-03-25 | 柳州市俊杰汽配制造有限公司 | 一种汽车用里程表齿轮 |
-
1987
- 1987-03-13 CN CN87100246A patent/CN87100246B/zh not_active Expired
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100415926C (zh) * | 2006-01-20 | 2008-09-03 | 烟台百思特炉管厂 | 微合金化处理的镍铬高温合金材料及其制备方法 |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN87100246A (zh) | 1988-09-21 |
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