CN86207436U - β射线测定蛋壳厚度的装置 - Google Patents

β射线测定蛋壳厚度的装置 Download PDF

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CN86207436U
CN86207436U CN 86207436 CN86207436U CN86207436U CN 86207436 U CN86207436 U CN 86207436U CN 86207436 CN86207436 CN 86207436 CN 86207436 U CN86207436 U CN 86207436U CN 86207436 U CN86207436 U CN 86207436U
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beta
thickness
eggshell
egg
ring
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王树禹
崔在久
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TEACHING AND RESEARCH SECTION OF ISOTOPE NORTHEAST COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
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TEACHING AND RESEARCH SECTION OF ISOTOPE NORTHEAST COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
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Abstract

β射线测定蛋壳厚度的装置,利用β射线对物质的反射强度和物质的厚度成正相关测定蛋壳厚度,属于核技术应用领域。本实用新型由环状测试头、光电倍增管、锡箔及计数器组成。测试头内向环心倾斜45度角的放射源发出一束β射线辐射蛋壳,反射后穿透锡箔到光电倍增管,经放大转换成电脉冲信号输出,由计数器显示结果。

Description

本实用新型属于核技术应用领域。利用β射线测定蛋壳的厚度。
目前测定蛋壳厚度普遍采用盐水比重法及破碎性测量法,即将被测蛋放入不同浓度的盐水中,根据盐水比重的不同,间接推算出蛋壳厚度,或者将被测蛋壳破碎后用蛋壳测厚计测量。上述两种方法为污染和破碎性测量法,仅限于实验室测定,不适于商品蛋的检测,特别是不适于对种蛋的筛选。蛋壳薄,蛋体内的水分蒸发快,蛋壳也容易破损并容易被微生物侵入而变质,不利于商品蛋的贮存和出售,蛋壳过厚给种蛋孵化造成困难,雏胚往往因啄不破蛋壳而窒息。
本实用新型的目的是提供一种测定蛋壳厚度的装置,按蛋壳的不同厚度分级贮存、出售商品蛋,筛选蛋壳厚度适宜的种蛋繁殖育雏,特别是对某些稀有禽类种蛋厚度的筛选及蛋壳过厚的予先处理,解决了种蛋孵化等一系列问题。
本实用新型的要点在于利用β射线作用于物质而产生弹性散射原理来测定蛋壳厚度。其方法是将被测蛋置于以90Sr-90Y为放射源的环状测试头上,由放射源产生并发出的一束环状β射线射向被测蛋壳的气室部位后,经反射穿过一层薄锡箔传输到光电倍增管上,再经放大转换成电脉冲信号,由计数器显示结果。
本实用新型是由环状测试头、光电倍增管及用电缆连接的计数器组成。环状测试头位于光电倍增管上,通过电缆线将光电倍增管与计数器相连接。环状测试头外壳用有机玻璃材料制成,测试头的上层为蛋托,下层有向环心倾斜45度角的沟槽,其中放入90Sr-90Y放射源溶液,待其干燥后,用火棉胶封闭沟槽。一束β射线呈45度角射到被测蛋大头的气室部位,β射线遇蛋壳反射,穿过一层蔽光锡箔射到光电倍增管上,到达塑料闪烁体,产生闪烁光,其光子在光电倍增管的阴极上打出光电子,再经光电倍增管放大后,在阳极负载上转换成电脉冲信号,传输到计数器显示结果。
本实用新型的优点在于即提高了测量精度,又避免了盐水比重法测量和破碎性测量的缺点,该实用新型适于大批量商品蛋的检测及种蛋的育雏和繁殖,大大减少商品蛋因失水及薄壳蛋破损而造成的经济损失,利用此法测量,全国每年可减少商品蛋损失人民币近亿元,提高种蛋的孵化率和壮雏率,在二十万枚禽蛋中可节约一百万元,特别是对于稀有禽蛋类的繁殖更有经济价值,以单顶鹤蛋为例,每年多出一百只雏,价值可达三十万元。
附图说明
图为β射线测定蛋壳厚度的装置的 1/4 剖面示意图。
(1)环状测试头        (2)蛋托
(3)90Sr-90Y放射源 (4)光电倍增管
(5)锡箔        (6)塑料闪烁体
下面的实施例为测定鸡蛋蛋壳厚度的装置。
环状测试头蛋孔直径为30厘米,反射孔直径为25厘米,放射源直径为40厘米,放射源为90Sr-90Y。测量时将被测蛋的大头垂直向下,置于环状测试头的蛋托上,放射源距被测蛋以25厘米为最佳,从环状测试头中发出一束向环心倾斜45度角的β射线,其射线射到鸡蛋大头气室部位,β射线不穿过蛋容物,对蛋容物无辐射效应。在环状有机玻璃测试头的下方安放光电倍增管,其光电倍增管上覆盖一层蔽光锡箔,β射线穿过锡箔射到光电倍增管上,经放大转换成电脉冲信号,传输给计数器显示结果。计数器显示的数据是由蛋壳气室部分的碎片进行多点测量取其平均值,经大量测量而得其蛋壳厚度的数据范围。从显示数据可知蛋壳越厚反射强度越大,反之越小。测量时只要将鸡蛋大头气室部位垂直立于蛋托之上,计数器即可显示蛋壳厚度。
各类禽蛋的体积、厚度差异较大,测量时只要选择相应的测试头,就能得出正确的被测数据,有机玻璃测试头内的放射源剂量及蛋托各部分的结构尺寸随不同蛋类而改变,即可从计数器显示的不同来区分蛋壳的厚度范围,并找出其种蛋孵化时的理想厚度。

Claims (5)

1、一种测定蛋壳厚度的装置,其特征在于它由装有放射源的环状测试头、光电倍增管、锡箔和计数器组成。
2、如权利要求1所述的装置,其特征在于环状测试头内设置一环状沟槽,内装90Sr-90Y放射源。
3、如权利要求1或2所述的装置,其特征在于环状测试头内的放射源沟槽向环心倾斜45度角。
4、如权利要求1所述的装置,其特征在于环状测试头用有机玻璃材料制成。
5、如权利要求1所述的装置,其特征在于光电倍增管的上方覆盖一层蔽光材料锡箔。
CN 86207436 1986-10-15 1986-10-15 β射线测定蛋壳厚度的装置 Ceased CN86207436U (zh)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105758346A (zh) * 2016-01-08 2016-07-13 中国农业大学 一种超声波蛋壳无损测厚系统和方法
CN111024009A (zh) * 2019-12-31 2020-04-17 北京君融创新科技有限公司 一种测量云母片厚度的系统及方法

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105758346A (zh) * 2016-01-08 2016-07-13 中国农业大学 一种超声波蛋壳无损测厚系统和方法
CN111024009A (zh) * 2019-12-31 2020-04-17 北京君融创新科技有限公司 一种测量云母片厚度的系统及方法
CN111024009B (zh) * 2019-12-31 2022-06-07 北京君融创新科技有限公司 一种测量云母片厚度的系统及方法

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