CN86204192U - Power-saving ac induction watt-hour meter - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses an electricity saving AC induction watt-hour meter, which is mainly used for metering electricity consumption of families or other pause electricity utilization situations, comprising a voltage and current component, a rotary table, a register, a current detector, an amplifying switch circuit and a compensate power supply circuit. The utility model can cause the voltage coil being in or out of the operating status according to the load current automatically, and a part of reactive power can be independently satisfied by internal circuit when the electrical meter works. The utility model fundamental consumes no active energy when does not work, so the line loss is reduced, and the electricity is saved.

Description

Power-saving ac induction watt-hour meter

The utility model belongs to alternating current impression formula watt-hour meter, is applicable to that mainly the occasion of family expenses or other electricity consumption at intermittence is done the AC energy metering, has energy-saving effect.

The AC energy measuring apparatus of widespread usage is an induction meter at present.This watt-hour meter has potential winding assembly (03) and the current coil assembly (02) that orders about aluminium matter rotating disk (04) rotation, and wherein potential winding is to be connected in parallel in the circuit-under-test, and current coil is to be connected in the circuit-under-test.When load current flow excess current coil, current coil assembly (02) and potential winding assembly (03) produce alternating flux respectively and wear peraluminous rotating disk (04), make and induce eddy current on the rotating disk.Eddy current is subjected to the acting force in magnetic field again, makes aluminium matter rotating disk (04) rotation thereby produce torque, drives register (05) and indicates the electric energy reading.At present China is according to alternating-current watt-hour meter standard JB793 promulgated by the ministries or commissions of the Central Government---and 78, the typical case's representative that is above-mentioned prior art of the unified DD28 type single-phase watt-hour meter that manufactures and designs.Because the potential winding of this watt-hour meter is to be connected in parallel in the circuit-under-test, even watt-hour meter is not worked, still will continue consumed power.In addition,, also to consume more reactive energy during work, thereby cause certain loss, power system capacity can not be made full use of to electric system because the potential winding of this watt-hour meter is high inductance component.

The purpose of this utility model is to provide a kind of energy-saving alternating current induction meter that has improved.This watt-hour meter is when work, and some can oneself satisfy required reactive current, thereby has reduced the loss of electric system.And when not working, this watt-hour meter does not consume active energy substantially, and can also provide a spot of capacity current to electrical network, to improve the power factor of electric system.

Now illustrate that in conjunction with Fig. 1 its principle of work reaches the relation between each part.The utility model is divided into 8 by built-in function and partly forms, and Fig. 1 is the synoptic diagram of its mutual relationship.When the utility model was worked, through over-current detector (01), current coil assembly (02) flowed to load end to tested electric current from power end.And current detector (01) is given amplification control circuit (08) with the current signal that detects, and gauge tap executive circuit (07) action after amplifying is connected potential winding assembly (03) and made it to devote oneself to work.When the utility model was not worked, current detector (01) did not have signal output, and switch executive circuit (07) is failure to actuate, and potential winding assembly (03) is place in circuit not, has saved power consumption.And reactive-load compensation and DC power supply circuit (06) had both been given amplification control circuit (08), switch executive circuit (07) provides working power, provide reactive-current compensation, idle the significantly reducing that makes it rely on electric system to provide also for simultaneously potential winding assembly (03).

Be about each basic demand and composition partly below:

Current detector (01) should be able to detect the minimum starting current that flows through current coil, and (≤demarcate electric current 0.5%), simultaneously, the signal amplitude of output should be able to satisfy the job requirement of amplification control circuit (08).In addition, when current coil flows through bigger working current, because of the loss of using current detector (01) to cause should be as much as possible little.Make simply in order to adapt to, the requirement that reliability is high can adopt custom-designed miniature twin coil mutual inductor to make current detector (01), the most handy initial permeability of its iron core 〉=1000, the manganese-zinc ferrite that saturation induction density is lower, or the permalloy material is made.When needs, its iron core shape can be the shape of the mouth as one speaks, E type, ring-like, and any other suitable shape, on iron core, there is a number of turns less, elementary winding and a number of turns that line is directly thicker are more, and the secondary winding that the line footpath is thinner is when factors such as cost can meet the demands, also can use elements such as magnetodiode, mistor, be equipped with suitable magnetic conductor again and constitute.

The task of amplification control circuit (08) is the feeble signal that current detector (01) detects to be amplified to be enough to gauge tap executive circuit (07) action.In order to adapt to requirement cheaply, it can be made of a pNp germnium transistor and NpN silicon crystal triode and accessory circuit thereof.When needs, also can use integrated circuit, field effect transistor, semiconductor devices such as miniwatt one-way SCR constitute.

Switch executive circuit (07) is subjected to the control of amplification control circuit (08), makes potential winding connect or withdraw from circuit-under-test reliably.The utility model to its major requirement is: the power consumption of switch own is little, to reduce the wastage.In order to adapt to this requirement, can select the electromagnetic relay (comprising dry-reed relay) of bidirectional triode thyristor or low-power consumption for use.Also can adopt some other semiconductor devices that is suitable for as one-way SCR, high voltage bearing transistor etc.It is worthy of note that general electromagnetic relay has rated operational voltage and two parameters of maximum pick-up voltage.Rated operational voltage is to have considered various rugged surroundings, and is fixed such as the request for utilization under the situation that vibration, acceleration are arranged.Because the utility model is not worked under these conditions certainly, even relay not adhesive occasionally for a certain reason in addition according to the circuit in the following accompanying drawing 4, can not influence watt-hour meter yet and normally measure.So the maximum pickup value with reference to relay is selected for use, can satisfy practical requirement fully, certainly, also can adopt custom-designed relay.Like this, power consumption will significantly reduce.

Reactive-load compensation and DC power supply circuit (06) are made up of electric capacity (C3), commutation diode (D2), (D3) and electric capacity (C2).Electric capacity (C3) had both been born the step-down task in the utility model, certain reactive-load compensation is provided for potential winding assembly (03) as the reactive-load compensation element again, also played metering function simultaneously in circuit.Commutation diode (D2), (D3), and electric capacity (C2) give amplification control circuit (08), switch executive circuit (07) provides dc supply.

Potential winding assembly (03), current coil assembly (02), aluminium matter rotating disk (04), register (05) is still continued to use prior art.

Model machine after the single-phase 2A watt-hour meter of DD28 type that China is produced at present improves according to the utility model, power consumption situation contrast after tested is as follows: the watt-hour meter before improving consumes meritorious 1.4W at load current during for 2A, and idle 5.1 is weary.Consume meritorious 1.11W during for 0.2A at load current, idle 5 is weary.At load current is the meritorious 1.1W of consumption in 0 o'clock, and idle 5 is weary.Watt-hour meter after the improvement consumes meritorious 1.48W during for 2A at load current, and idle 2.2 is weary.Consume meritorious 1.14W during for 0.2A at load current, idle 2.2 is weary.At load current is the meritorious 0.006-0.022W of being that consumed in 0 o'clock, can ignore substantially.

If the idle meritorious loss that causes is carried in electric system, calculate by idle economic equivalent 0.1, two kinds of actual active losses that cause of watt-hour meter are: the meritorious 1.91W of being that the watt-hour meter before improving consumes during for 2A at load current, the meritorious 1.61W of being that consumes during for 0.2A at load current is that consumed in 0 o'clock meritorious is 1.6W at load current.The meritorious 1.70W of being that watt-hour meter after the improvement consumes during for 2A at load current at the meritorious 1.36W of being that load current consumes during for 0.2A, is meritorious can the ignoring that consumed in 0 o'clock at load current.

Calculated every annual about can economize on electricity of the watt-hour meter after the above-mentioned improvement in four hours with the Family Day electricity consumption:

≈ 12 degree during ((1.61-1.36) * 4+1.6 * 20) * 365=12045W/

Calculate by various load currents, energy-saving effect is basic identical.

In addition, the utility model cost is low, and is easy to manufacture, can make full use of prior art, can also form individual components in case of necessity, is advantageously used in the transformation of existing procucts.

The description of the drawings:

Fig. 1 is each component part mutual relationship synoptic diagram of the utility model.

Fig. 2 is the profile cut-open view of the current detector iron core that uses among the embodiment.

Fig. 3 is the electrical schematic diagram of embodiment 1.

Fig. 4 is the electrical schematic diagram of embodiment 2.

Embodiment 1:(Fig. 3) present embodiment is to use bidirectional triode thyristor (DJ), (R5) formation switch executive circuit (07), (T1), (T2), (R1), (R2), (R3), (R4), (D1), (C1) to constitute amplification control circuit (08).(C2), (C3), (D2), (D3) constitute reactive-load compensation and DC power supply circuit (06).(B) makes current detector (01).(L1) is the winding in the current coil assembly (02).(L2) is the winding in the potential winding assembly (03).(1), (2), (3), (4), (5) are the external connection terminal of watt-hour meter.When not having load current in (L1), (T1) flows through certain electric current, and (T2) is saturated, and (DJ) turn-offs, and makes the potential winding dead electricity, the state of deactivating.In (L1), have 〉=load current flow of starting current is out-of-date, and the current signal that (B) secondary induction goes out, is added on (T1) base stage after (C1) filtering through (D1) rectification, and (T1) base potential is raise.Collector current reduces, and (T2) withdraws from state of saturation.(R2), (R3) have quickened this conversion.Make (DJ) triggering and conducting, with the potential winding state of devoting oneself to work.(D1) also utilizes its positive temperature characteristic to do the temperature compensation of (T1) except that to the marking current rectification.(C3) effect as described above, the bleeder resistance that (C3) two ends can a 3M Europe in parallel when needing in addition, when present embodiment was used to demarcate the single-phase watt-hour meter of electric current 2A, (C3) adopted 400 volts of electric capacity of 0.15 microfarad.(D2), (D3) adopt the 1N4001 diode.(C2) adopts 10 volts of electric capacity of 47 microfarads.(T2) is 3DG201.(T1) is 3A * 31A.(D1) uses 2Ap9.(C1) is with 3 volts of electric capacity of 20 microfarads.(R1) uses 12K Europe resistance.(R2) uses 22K Europe resistance.(R3) is with 100 Europe resistance.The resistance of (R4) is matched in 30-300K Europe.(R5) is with 510 Europe resistance.(DT) uses the BCR1AM bidirectional triode thyristor, trigger current≤3 milliampere.(B) does unshakable in one's determination with M * 0-2000 magnet ring, form the magnetic circuit of a closure, and the iron core of profile such as Fig. 2 can obtain minimum elementary loss.In this example, (φ 1) is 15 millimeters, and (φ 2) are 3.4 millimeters.Earlier with 1.05 millimeters enameled wires of φ on magnet ring close do around 26 circles elementary, again with 0.1 millimeter enameled wire of φ close around 400 enclose do secondary.In the present embodiment, its sensitivity of current detector of making like this is adjustable to 5 milliamperes.And when the 2A load current, elementary loss≤0.06W.Unshakable in one's determination as doing with the above magnet ring of M * 0-4000, the elementary number of turns also can reduce, and loss also can reduce.

Embodiment 2:(Fig. 4)

Present embodiment is to use low-power consumption electromagnetic relay (J) to constitute switch executive circuit (07).(T1), (T2), (R1), (R2), (R3), (D4), (C5) constitute amplification control circuit (08).The composition of all the other parts and principle of work and embodiment's 1 is corresponding partly identical.Do not have load current flow out-of-date in (L1), (T1), (T2) end.(J) adhesive, its normally closed contact disconnects, and makes the potential winding dead electricity.When have in (L1) 〉=when the electric current of starting current flow through, the current signal that (B) induces was coupled to (T1) base stage through (C1), was added to (T2) base stage after (T1) amplifies, make (T2) flow through greatly electric current and tend to saturated.(J) both end voltage descends and discharges, and its normally closed contact closure is connected potential winding, makes its state of devoting oneself to work.(R2) (R3) quickens transfer process in order to improve working sensitivity.(D4) provides path on the one hand the positive half-wave of marking current, utilizes it to do the temperature compensation of (T1) on the other hand.So (D4) preferably adopts and the transistorized collector junction of (T1) same model uses, and makes the reverse leakage current of (D4) be a bit larger tham the reverse leakage current that same temperature (T1) is concentrated knot.(R1) is the collector load resistor of (T1).When originally executing example and be used to demarcate the single-phase watt-hour meter of electric current 2A, (C2) can be with 10 volts of electrochemical capacitors of 22 microfarads.(J) uses JRC-1M, RG4, and 553,003 relays, the actual measurement pick-up voltage is 4.4V, release voltage is 4.2V, internal resistance 2K Europe.(if the active loss when requiring watt-hour meter not work is lower than 0.022W, and the internal resistance of (J) should be not more than 1K Europe, or takes other measure, otherwise a little higher than above-mentioned value.) (C5) be 3 volts of electrochemical capacitors of 4.7 microfarads.The specifications and models of all the other elements and embodiment 1 are identical.

The utility model generally is not used in high voltage, the commercial Application of big electric current.

Claims (6)

1, a kind of energy-saving alternating current induction meter.It comprises potential winding assembly [03] and current coil assembly [02] and aluminium matter rotating disk [04], register [05], of the present utility model being characterised in that: it also comprises current detector [01], amplification control circuit [08], switch executive circuit [07], reactive-load compensation and DC power supply circuit [06] are formed.

2, watt-hour meter according to claim 1, the current detector (01) that it is characterized in that it can be done iron core with the manganese-zinc ferrite magnet ring of initial permeability 〉=1000, and it is less to be wound with a number of turns above, the elementary winding that the line footpath is thicker, the secondary winding more with a number of turns, that the line footpath is thinner.

3, watt-hour meter according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that its switch executive circuit (07) can use low-power consumption electromagnetic relay or miniwatt bidirectional triode thyristor to constitute.

4, watt-hour meter according to claim 3 is characterized in that its amplification control circuit (08) can be added its accessory circuit and be formed by 1 PNP germnium transistor and 1 NPN silicon crystal triode.

5, watt-hour meter according to claim 4 is characterized in that its reactive-load compensation and DC power supply circuit (06) are by electric capacity (c3), and commutation diode (D2), (D3) and electric capacity (c2) are formed.

6, watt-hour meter according to claim 5, the iron core shape that it is characterized in that its current detector (01) can be the shape of the mouth as one speaks, ring-like, E type and any other suitable shape.

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