CN86108606A - Novel pressure vessel safety monitoring and protecting device - Google Patents

Abstract

" novel pressure vessel safety monitoring and protecting device " is on the basis of pressurized container being carried out strip winding, wrapping wire or wrapping thin plate; add protecting sheathing; and adopting pressure-sensitive instrument, automatic pressure-relieving and a kind of new pressure vessel safety monitor protective system that bleed anti-corrosive apparatus and alarm monitoring operating table are formed, its whole monitor procedures are handled automatically.The present invention compares with adopting pressurized container protection support, explosion-proof shell or acoustic emission supervisory device, have simple, practical and reliable, economic outstanding feature, very effective to breaking blasting and the serious consequence inflammable, explosive, that the poisonous medium leakage is caused that prevents various important pressurized containers.

Description

The invention belongs to a kind of safety monitoring and protecting system used of industrial pressure vessels.

Pressurized container, especially large-scale, high temperature, high-pressure bottle often cause catastrophic failure in case break in the use.Even whole explosion does not take place, leak because of fracture propagation exactly, because interior media is often poisonous or inflammable, explosive, also may cause poisoning or serious consequences such as burning, blast.In the world round preventing that pressurized container from the serious situation that unexpected low stress brittle fracture destroys taking place; from selection, design, welding, flaw detection, fracture mechanics and analysis of fatigue; a large amount of research work have been carried out to aspects such as taking acoustic emission monitoring or external guard vessel; but effect is often not remarkable, and the cost of paying economically is high.For example; West Germany one tame pressurized container manufacturing company is that a kind of important use pressurized container specialized designs has been made a multilayer protecting sheathing; to replace protection wall facility in the past; its purpose is when pressurized container generation breaking blasting; can block the fragment (referring to " pressurized container " 1985.No.3) that flies out reliably by the multilayer protecting sheathing, this containment vessel really has enough protective actions, yet is equivalent to make two containers; and complex structure, cost is inevitable high.

In recent years, people are in order to receive the sound wave that sends owing to crack propagation from the equipment, and a kind of nondestructiving detecting means-acoustic emission technique that can obtain the defective multidate information produces, and obtain to use.Acoustic emission technique is quite effective to the delayed fracture that monitors container hydraulic pressure process of the test and some weld seam, and the regular detection that is used for some position is also succeedd.But for the tankage in the long-time running, the acoustic emission monitoring but has the difficulty that is difficult to overcome.At first, ambient noise is difficult to get rid of.Secondly, the harmful degree of defective is difficult to determine, and minute leakage is difficult to find.The 3rd, detection system be difficult to stable for extended periods of time (referring to " acoustic emission testing ", National Defense Industry Press, 1981, P.85).The 4th, price is high, need employ a large amount of foreign capitals from external introduction.

For example, China's petrochemical plant is introduced 32 passage computer control acoustic emission source location systems to the U.S., 200,000 yuan of consumption foreign capitals.Can run into probe in addition and be difficult to high temperature resistant (barrel temperature height), unsettled phenomenon occur.We are necessary to go to explore from other directions the approach of security monitoring for this reason, to reach easy, economic, safe and reliable purpose.

For nuclear power industry equipment and medium in labour is poisonous and inflammable, explosive pressurized container, not only to guarantee to avoid taking place low stress brittle fracture at all, and because even serious consequences such as leakage also may set off an explosion take place in container, therefore also require: even failure mode is " only leaking not quick-fried ", also should be provided with the advanced resistance leakage system of leaking hunting, leak consequence, play the warning effect simultaneously with strictness control.Acoustic emission detection system and fender bracket all are difficult to satisfy this requirement.

The objective of the invention is to serious consequence, create a kind of safe and reliable, easily manufactured safety monitoring and protecting system used for pressurized containers reasonable, with low cost for fundamentally avoiding pressurized container unexpected low stress brittle fracture explosion to take place or may cause because of leakage.

Centre point of the present invention is that protection shell, adapter, pressure gauge, pressure transducer, safety valve, rupture disk, solenoid valve, micro-suction pump and control operation platform are combined into a kind of complete safety monitoring and protecting system used for pressurized containers.Flat Steel Ribbon Wound Pressure Vessel and the supporting use of other multiple layer pressurized containers that this device should be created with the inventor.This container outside need be surrounded by the protection shell of sealing.Because the flat steel ribbon wound container has the characteristics of " only leaking not quick-fried ", in case container leaks, will be full of the fluid in the container in the containment vessel.And boosts to a certain degree gradually, the purpose that this supervisory device will be reported to the police automatically, release reaches safety protection.Also can obtain gas in the containment vessel, analyze its composition and change and come the prediction inner core whether to leak by sampling.By project scale container φ 500mm internal diameter, 250kgf/cm ²The test of many times of air pressure shows: unexpected brittle failure destruction is taken place or is leaked caused serious consequence preventing pressurized container or large-scale pipeline in this safety monitoring and protecting system used for pressurized containers, and its effect is remarkable, and device proper is simple and reliable, and required expense is cheap.Thereby will prevent from unexpected destruction for numerous pressurized containers or leak the serious accident that is caused to open up an economy, reasonable, simple, reliable new way.

Accompanying drawing 1 is a novel pressure vessel safety monitoring and protecting device diagrammatic sketch.

With reference to accompanying drawing 1 explanation embodiment.

1 is the inner core (or interior layer segment) of container (or pipeline) among the figure.2 are strip winding (or wrapping wire or the wrapping of thin steel version) reinforced layer, and it constitutes common pressure resistant vessel (or pipeline) with inner core.3 for forming the protecting sheathing that requirement is not tightly leaked by sheet metal in the welding of strip winding layer outside among the figure; its thickness is generally 2～4 millimeters; because the effect of strip winding layer; even because of reasons such as genetic defects, stress corrosion and fatigue cause fracture propagation not explosion also only takes place to leak during this container uses; this moment, this protecting sheathing can be with the medium collection that leaks out, and bore 1～2kgf/cm ²Interior pressure effect.4 is adapter on the protecting sheathing among the figure, and generally getting its diameter is that the high-pressure medium that 60mm just is enough under low pressure will leak out from the crack in time discharges, and its position then is taken at the container bottom for common pressurized container and is advisable.5 is common low pressure pressure gauge with electric contact among the figure, and 6 is common low-pressure sensor, and both all are used to control the interior pressure of containment vessel and send pressure signal to the control operation system.7 for being installed in the Fall lift safety valve on the pipeline usually among the figure.8 for being installed in the low pressure explosion sheet on the pipeline usually.9 for being installed in the solenoid valve on the pipeline usually.When special containment vessel internal pressure reaches a certain specified value (as 1.5 kilograms per centimeter ²) time, then safety valve and solenoid valve are opened automatically, and rupture disk also may break, so that the medium (gas or liquid) that leaks entered to give along pipeline automatically decides place (emptying or introduce other containers), and sends warning by alarm bell or buzzer.10 is micro-suction pump among the figure; in order to the gas in the containment vessel is regularly extracted out and displacement fresh dried air; so both can avoid because of hydrogen infiltration and the humid air corrosive action (in fact this also is a kind of simple and effective anti-corrosion measure) to container, what can obtain also whether the container inner core exist fracture propagation by the variation of analyzing gas ingredients in the containment vessel gives newspaper in early days.11 are the control operation platform among the figure, the microprocessor of interior dress alarm indication device and automatic control operation.When there were several this containers the production scene, then its safety monitoring device that is installed in the adapter only needed a shared cover, and its operation of bleeding is then carried out by Control Parameter and Automatic Program by microprocessor and shown.12 for producing with gas compressor or pump among the figure, if necessary, also can send the signal of electricity by the control operation platform, cuts off its power supply, and production process is stopped by giving fixed step.Like this, just can avoid pressurized container at all, it is unexpected that the brittle failure explosion take place or seriously leak the serious consequence that institute may cause in especially high pressure, high temperature and contain the container of inflammable, explosive and poisonous medium under operation pressure, And change production operation personnel are to the feared state of mind of pressurized container.

This kind safety monitoring and protecting system used for pressurized containers has simple, practical and reliable and economic outstanding feature. It and Flat Steel Ribbon Wound Pressure Vessel support the use, and make to be used to pressure vessel safety by factors such as corrosion and fatigue and manufacturing defect to cause the situation of harm that basic change has taken place. As long as the interior tube of container or pipeline does not split does not wear, its productions just can be carried out as usual, and in case in tube split to wear and also only leak, and can be by the automatic warning of this device and processing. As everyone knows, every pressure vessel must be installed safety valve in case superpressure destruction is taken place. But more seriously should prevent the unexpected rupture failure accident that pressure vessel takes place under normal operating pressure. Both at home and abroad this is placed hope on costliness and and insecure pressure vessel protective frame or explosion-proof shell with using as a servant acoustic emission monitoring technology. Then fundamentally the safe handling under normal operating pressure provides monitoring and protection to pressure vessel in the present invention, thereby very easily promotes. With apply the acoustic emission monitoring and compare with the protective frame device and have significant economic benefit and social benefit.

Claims (3)

1, a kind of safety monitoring and protecting system used for pressurized containers is characterized in that being that adapter (4), low pressure pressure gauge with electric contact (5), sensor (6), safety valve (7), rupture disk (8), solenoid valve (9), micro-suction pump (10), control operation platform (11) by connecting with container protecting sheathing (3) combines.

2, described safety monitoring and protecting system used by claim 1, it is characterized in that control operation platform (11) comprises microprocessor and alarm indication device.

3, described safety monitoring and protecting system used by claim 1, it is characterized in that micro-suction pump (10) is by giving the fixed index request replacement operator of bleeding automatically.

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