CN115795976A - Evaluation method and device for monitoring safety state of pressure-bearing equipment and storage medium - Google Patents
Evaluation method and device for monitoring safety state of pressure-bearing equipment and storage medium Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of safety monitoring of pressure-bearing equipment, in particular to an evaluation method and device for monitoring the safety state of pressure-bearing equipment and a storage medium. Regarding the evaluation method, it includes: reading the data of the pressure-bearing equipment; analyzing the failure mode of the pressure-bearing equipment and determining a monitoring method; establishing a data analysis model and determining a monitoring critical value; and establishing an evaluation model and evaluating the comprehensive safety state. An evaluation device that performs an evaluation method of monitoring a safety state of a pressure-bearing apparatus; the evaluation device includes: the device comprises a reading unit, a monitoring method determining unit, a critical value determining unit and an evaluation model establishing unit. By the technical scheme, the safety state of the pressure-bearing equipment is monitored and evaluated on line in real time, the problems that the pressure-bearing equipment is low in periodic inspection efficiency, lags behind the change of safety indexes (defects) and cannot give an alarm in real time are solved, and the effect of evaluating the dynamic comprehensive safety state of the pressure-bearing equipment according to use parameters, operating conditions and the defect initiation development change is achieved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of safety monitoring of pressure-bearing equipment, in particular to an evaluation method and device for monitoring the safety state of pressure-bearing equipment and a storage medium. The technology is mainly applied to the real-time online monitoring of the comprehensive safety state of pressure-bearing equipment such as boilers, pressure vessels, pressure pipelines and the like in special equipment, and can realize the method, the monitoring device and a software and hardware system for evaluating the comprehensive safety state in real time by combining monitoring data with design, manufacture, installation, operation, maintenance and inspection data.
Background
The special equipment refers to boilers, pressure vessels (including gas cylinders), pressure pipelines, elevators, hoisting machinery, passenger ropeways, large-scale amusement facilities, special motor vehicles in fields (factories) and other special equipment which is regulated by laws and administrative laws and regulations and is in great danger to personal and property safety. In the industry, boilers, pressure vessels and pressure pipelines are generally referred to as pressure-bearing special equipment. For the evaluation of the safety state of the pressure-bearing special equipment, the state provides clear regulatory standards for periodic inspection and evaluation. For example, for the pressure vessel, regular inspection is carried out according to TSG21 'fixed pressure vessel safety technology supervision regulations'; for the pressure pipeline, the long-distance pipeline, the public pipeline and the industrial pipeline are respectively tested according to TSG D7003 'pressure pipeline regular test rule-long distance (oil and gas) pipeline', TSG D7004 'pressure pipeline regular test rule-public pipeline', TSG D7005 'pressure pipeline regular test rule-industrial pipeline'; for the boiler, the test was carried out according to TSG11 technical Specification for boiler safety.
Taking a pressure vessel as an example, the general procedures of the periodic inspection work include the preparation of an inspection scheme, the preparation before inspection, the implementation of inspection, the treatment of defects and problems, the summarization of inspection results, the issuing of inspection reports, and the like. According to the standard, the metal pressure container is periodically inspected, and the inspection is mainly performed on macroscopic inspection, wall thickness measurement, surface defect detection and safety accessory inspection; and if necessary, adding items such as buried defect detection, material analysis, sealing fastener inspection, strength check, pressure test, leakage test and the like. The pressure-bearing equipment is regularly checked strictly according to the regulation standard, and the safety condition of the pressure-bearing equipment can be comprehensively evaluated under most conditions; but with occasional exceptions. In recent years, leakage and explosion cases occur in a plurality of pressure-bearing devices in a periodic inspection period or just after the periodic inspection, driving and test operation; the safety condition of the pressure-bearing equipment cannot be comprehensively and comprehensively evaluated by regular inspection. The regular inspection of the pressure equipment is only carried out on the safety condition of the pressure equipment according to the regular inspection standard provisions. The lack of periodic checks for safety assessment is also illustrated. By compliance verification, it is stated that when the use parameters, the operating conditions, and the like of the pressure-bearing equipment change, the safety state of the pressure-bearing equipment cannot be accurately evaluated without the premise of compliance verification.
For pressure pipelines and boilers, regular tests carried out according to standards such as TSG7003, TSG7004, TSG7005 and TSG11 have the defect of poor instantaneity. The problems are not obvious for pressure-bearing equipment with stable operation conditions and no defects or difficult defects; but for equipment with unstable operation conditions and easy generation of defects, the instantaneity is not strong, and serious consequences can be brought to the safe operation of the pressure-bearing equipment. It is particularly noted that in TSG21, devices rated for a safety rating of 4 are conditionally used for monitoring; the safety condition rating is 5, which indicates that serious defects influencing safe use are found and the use is required to be stopped. For serious defects affecting safe use, the defects are generally selected to be repaired and then used after inspection and evaluation; however, in case of the defects which cannot be repaired due to the limitation of time, space and the like, the repair may cause more serious defects, the repair costs and the time are huge, and the like, the owner selects another mode, namely, the combined use evaluation of the defects, to process the defects. Most defects can be evaluated, evaluated or inspected by an entity with serious possible consequences for the defects or with possible expansion of the defects, and the owner is required to monitor and use the defects according to the level 4 safety condition level standard. One realistic situation is: although China petrochemical devices are basically and completely provided with DCS systems for monitoring operation parameters, the method plays a certain role in guaranteeing the safe operation of pressure-bearing equipment; but the defect monitoring means is single. Besides the manual regular thickness measurement of wall thickness and the manual regular retest of surface defects or buried defects by a nondestructive testing method, other methods are basically observed by manual work. With the development of the electronic information industry, the safety management of the chemical process needs to be enhanced: the method comprises the steps of adopting means such as online safety monitoring and automatic detection … … to judge the root of abnormal working conditions in time, evaluating possible consequences and formulating a safety disposal scheme; the preventive maintenance of the equipment is carried out, and the key equipment is provided with an online monitoring system and needs to be monitored (detected) and checked regularly. An attempt may be made to perform online monitoring of the pressure containing device, such as stress monitoring, corrosion monitoring, leakage monitoring, and the like.
The foreign evaluation on the safety condition of the pressure equipment is also guided by the regulation standard. Using American Petroleum Institute (API) API 510 pressure vessel inspection Specification: in the case of inspection, grading, repair and reconstruction, the periodic inspection of the pressure vessel is divided into six types, namely, internal inspection, online inspection, external inspection, thickness inspection, corrosion inspection under a heat-insulating layer and RBI inspection. The first five tests are generally performed at different cycles. The internal inspection is similar to the domestic regular inspection in terms of inspection items and inspection time, and the external inspection is similar to the domestic annual inspection content.
For internal verification, API 510 specifies that internal verification can be replaced with online verification when certain conditions are met. Meanwhile, the standard also indicates that when the two given conditions are not met, one internal inspection is carried out on a plurality of identical containers under the same medium and working conditions, the internal inspection condition is analyzed, and the internal inspection can be replaced by the on-line inspection on other containers. The quality of the on-line verification is therefore of considerable importance in the API standard for replacing the internal verification.
In the evaluation of the safety condition of the pressure equipment, whether the safety condition is a domestic standard or a foreign standard, the evaluation is performed in a scoring form at present, specific inspection items are evaluated independently, the mutual influence and the relevance among factors are not considered, the most serious harm factor is the final safety condition of the pressure equipment, the comprehensive evaluation cannot be performed, and the evaluation is static evaluation and dynamic evaluation cannot be performed. And the system is not linked with an operation and maintenance system, and processing suggestions cannot be given to high risk/consequence.
Through the analysis, the main current mode of inspecting, detecting and evaluating the safety state of the pressure-bearing equipment is periodic inspection, and the problems of low efficiency, lagged change of safety indexes (defects) and incapability of real-time alarm exist in the inspection process. The evaluation of the safety state is only for the conformity verification of the working condition, and the dynamic comprehensive evaluation can not be dynamically carried out according to the use parameters, the operation conditions and the defect initiation development change. In the regular inspection, no effective specific method is provided for the problem of monitoring and using the pressure-bearing equipment caused by some overproof defects.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an evaluation method, an evaluation device and a storage medium for monitoring the safety state of pressure-bearing equipment, so as to solve the technical problem that the detection of the pressure-bearing equipment lags behind the change of safety indexes (defects) in the prior art.
In order to achieve the above object, on one hand, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a method for evaluating the safety state monitoring of pressure equipment comprises the following steps:
s1, reading data of pressure-bearing equipment;
s2, analyzing the failure mode of the pressure-bearing equipment and determining a monitoring method;
s3, establishing a data analysis model and determining a monitoring critical value:
s31, establishing a data analysis model of the pressure-bearing equipment in a finite element mode according to design, manufacture, inspection and detection data;
s32, analyzing the monitoring part which is easy to have defects by combining with a failure mode, and giving a critical value of the monitoring part for each monitoring method;
s4, establishing an evaluation model and evaluating the comprehensive safety state:
s41, establishing a factor set for evaluating the safety state of the pressure-bearing equipment according to the operation parameters, the monitoring parameters and the failure reasons, and determining an influence coefficient among factors in the factor set;
s42, converting all the influence coefficients of the multiple factors into values of single factors;
and S43, comparing the value range of the critical value, and evaluating the comprehensive safety state of the pressure-bearing equipment.
Preferably, the data analysis model contains defects detected by pressure equipment inspection, and stress states and stress distribution cloud charts of the pressure equipment under different working conditions are determined.
Preferably, the monitoring method comprises crack initiation monitoring, monitoring of known defect activity, monitoring of known defect height, gas leakage monitoring, stress strain monitoring, differential settlement monitoring or wall thickness monitoring.
Preferably, the method for evaluating the safety state monitoring of the pressure-bearing equipment further comprises the steps of mounting and testing an intelligent monitoring terminal; the intelligent monitoring terminal comprises one or more of an intelligent pressure monitoring terminal, an intelligent temperature monitoring terminal, an intelligent acoustic emission monitoring terminal, an intelligent leakage monitoring terminal, an intelligent stress monitoring terminal, an intelligent inclination monitoring terminal, an intelligent corrosion monitoring terminal and an intelligent TOFD monitoring terminal.
Preferably, in S41, the factor set is set to U 1 ，U 1 ＝{u 1 ，u 2 ，u 3 ，u 4 …u n }; wherein u is n Indicating pressure, temperatureCrack propagation, leakage, stress, tilt, corrosion or buried defects;
in S41, the influence coefficient is formed as an influence coefficient matrix ξ,
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
showing that the jth factor is influenced by the ith factor;
in S42, the influence coefficient matrix xi may be transformed into a diagonal matrix λ,
preferably, the influence factor is set to a numerical value, or to a correspondence of an enumerated array, or to a function.
On the other hand, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
the evaluation device for monitoring the safety state of the pressure-bearing equipment executes the evaluation method for monitoring the safety state of the pressure-bearing equipment; the evaluation device of pressure equipment safety condition monitoring includes:
the reading unit is used for reading the data of the pressure-bearing equipment;
the monitoring method determination unit is used for analyzing the failure mode of the pressure-bearing equipment and determining a monitoring method;
the critical value determining unit is used for establishing a data analysis model of the pressure-bearing equipment by adopting a finite element mode according to design, manufacture and inspection detection data, analyzing a monitoring part which is easy to have defects by combining a failure mode, and giving a critical value of the monitoring part according to each monitoring method;
the evaluation model establishing unit is used for establishing a factor set for evaluating the safety state of the pressure-bearing equipment according to the operation parameters, the monitoring parameters and the failure reasons and establishing an influence coefficient among the factors in the factor set; converting all the influence coefficients of the multiple factors into values of single factors; and
and the comprehensive safety state evaluation unit is used for comparing the value range of the critical value and evaluating the comprehensive safety state of the pressure-bearing equipment.
Preferably, the evaluation device for monitoring the safety state of the pressure-bearing equipment further comprises an intelligent monitoring unit; the intelligent monitoring unit comprises one or more terminals of an intelligent pressure monitoring terminal, an intelligent temperature monitoring terminal, an intelligent acoustic emission monitoring terminal, an intelligent leakage monitoring terminal, an intelligent stress monitoring terminal, an intelligent inclination monitoring terminal, an intelligent corrosion monitoring terminal and an intelligent TOFD monitoring terminal.
In another aspect, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a storage medium comprising a stored program; wherein the program executes the evaluation method for monitoring the safety state of the pressure-bearing equipment according to any one of the above.
On the other hand, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a processor for running a program; when the program runs, the evaluation method for monitoring the safety state of the pressure bearing equipment is executed.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
by adopting a series of technical schemes such as an evaluation method and a device for monitoring the safety state of the pressure-bearing equipment, firstly, reading the data of a monitored object of the pressure-bearing equipment, determining the failure mode of the pressure-bearing equipment, and selecting a real-time monitoring method corresponding to the failure mode; the monitoring critical value of each monitoring parameter and the numerical relation of different monitoring parameters are analyzed through a finite element model, and finally, the data are comprehensively analyzed, designed, manufactured, installed, operated, maintained and checked, and the monitoring parameter types are used for establishing a comprehensive safety state evaluation mathematical model and are subjected to software, so that a real-time evaluation system for the comprehensive safety state of the pressure-bearing equipment can be formed. The online monitoring and evaluation of the safety state of the pressure-bearing equipment are realized, the problems that the pressure-bearing equipment is low in efficiency in periodic inspection, lags behind the change of safety indexes (defects) and cannot give an alarm in real time are solved, and the effect of evaluating the dynamic comprehensive safety state of the pressure-bearing equipment according to use parameters, operating conditions and the defect initiation development change is achieved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for evaluating pressure equipment safety status monitoring in one embodiment;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a method for evaluating the monitoring of the safety state of a pressure-bearing device in one embodiment;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an evaluation system for monitoring the safety state of a pressure-bearing device in one embodiment;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the deformation of the spherical tank when the whole body is tilted (to the right) in one embodiment;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing the deformation of the spherical tank when the pillars on both sides are settled in one embodiment;
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of an online monitoring and evaluation system for comprehensive safety state of an LPG spherical tank in one embodiment.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present application may be combined with each other without conflict. The present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings in conjunction with embodiments.
In order to make the technical solutions better understood by those skilled in the art, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of some, and not all, of the present application. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
It should be noted that the terms "first", "second", and the like in this application are used for distinguishing similar objects, and do not necessarily have to be used for describing a particular order or sequence. It should be understood that the data so used may be interchanged under appropriate circumstances such that embodiments of the application described herein may be used. Furthermore, the terms "comprises," "comprising," and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, system, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of steps or elements is not necessarily limited to those steps or elements expressly listed, but may include other steps or elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
It will be understood that when an element such as a layer, film, region, or substrate is referred to as being "on" another element, it can be directly on the other element or intervening elements may also be present. Also, in the present application, when an element is described as being "connected" to another element, the element may be "directly connected" to the other element or "connected" to the other element through a third element.
Example one
Referring to fig. 1, the present invention provides an evaluation method for monitoring a safety state of a pressure-bearing device, including the following steps:
s1, reading data of pressure-bearing equipment;
s2, analyzing the failure mode of the pressure-bearing equipment and determining a monitoring method;
s3, establishing a data analysis model and determining a monitoring critical value:
s31, establishing a data analysis model of the pressure-bearing equipment in a finite element mode according to design, manufacture, inspection and detection data;
s32, analyzing the monitoring part which is easy to have defects by combining with a failure mode, and giving a critical value of the monitoring part for each monitoring method;
s4, establishing an evaluation model and evaluating the comprehensive safety state:
s41, establishing a factor set for evaluating the safety state of the pressure-bearing equipment according to the operation parameters, the monitoring parameters and the failure reasons, and determining an influence coefficient among factors in the factor set;
s42, converting all the influence coefficients of the multiple factors into values of single factors;
and S43, comparing the value range of the critical value, and evaluating the comprehensive safety state of the pressure-bearing equipment.
In one embodiment, reading the data of the pressure containing apparatus includes data collection and analysis. The design, manufacture, installation, quality document, use management, inspection and detection data and standard sent by a using unit, the comprehensive inspection of the similar containers, accident event processing and the like are consulted and familiar, and if necessary, research and analysis are carried out. Further, the data are design data, manufacturing (including field assembly welding) data, installation completion data, use management data, inspection and inspection data of the pressure equipment. Wherein, the strength calculation book in the design data is used as one of the data calculation criteria of the subsequent evaluation, and the material and performance in the strength calculation book determine the accuracy of the evaluation basic data.
In one embodiment of the step S2, according to data of comprehensive inspection, accident event processing, defect distribution, and the like of similar containers, the risk of the pressure-bearing equipment brought by the failure mode of the monitored equipment is analyzed in combination with design, manufacture, use and management data, and mainly for the failure mode of intrinsic safety, a corresponding monitoring method, an intelligent monitoring terminal and disposal measures are selected.
Among them, the following arrangement is possible with respect to the monitoring method. The monitoring method comprises crack initiation monitoring, monitoring of known defect activity, monitoring of known defect height, gas leakage monitoring, stress strain monitoring, differential settlement monitoring or wall thickness monitoring.
The preferable scheme is that the intelligent monitoring terminal corresponds to the monitoring method. Specifically, the method comprises the following steps:
1. acoustic emission methods are recommended for crack initiation and monitoring of known defect activity.
2. TOFD method should be adopted for monitoring the known defect height; other methods may be used if they are effective.
3. The gas leakage monitoring method is selected and executed according to appendix E of GB/T50493-2019 'petrochemical industry combustible gas and toxic gas detection alarm design Standard'.
4. The stress-strain monitoring method adopts a resistance strain method, a fiber grating method and a vibrating wire method.
5. The uneven settlement monitoring can adopt an inclination angle method, a displacement sensor, a static level gauge, a GPS method and a multipoint laser ranging method.
6. The wall thickness monitoring can be selected from ultrasonic thickness measurement, electromagnetic ultrasonic method, magnetic flux leakage method, laser holography method and electric fingerprint method.
7. For other failure modes analyzed by the failure mode, an effective method is required to be adopted for monitoring.
In another preferred scheme, the evaluation method for monitoring the safety state of the pressure-bearing equipment further comprises the installation test of an intelligent monitoring terminal; the intelligent monitoring terminal comprises one or more of an intelligent pressure monitoring terminal, an intelligent temperature monitoring terminal, an intelligent acoustic emission monitoring terminal, an intelligent leakage monitoring terminal, an intelligent stress monitoring terminal, an intelligent inclination monitoring terminal, an intelligent corrosion monitoring terminal and an intelligent TOFD monitoring terminal. Generally, an intelligent monitoring terminal corresponds to a monitoring method.
In an embodiment of the step S3, the data analysis model contains defects detected by the pressure-bearing equipment inspection, and determines stress states and stress distribution cloud charts of the pressure-bearing equipment under different working conditions.
In step S41, one embodiment is that the factor set is set to U 1 ，U 1 ＝{u 1 ，u 2 ，u 3 ，u 4 …u n }; wherein u is n Indicating pressure, temperature, crack propagation, leakage, stress, tilt, corrosion, or buried defects.
In step S41, one embodiment, the influence coefficients are formed as an influence coefficient matrix ξ,
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
indicating that the jth factor is affected by the ith factor.
In step S42, as an example, the influence coefficient matrix ξ may be transformed into a diagonal matrix λ,
preferably, the influence factor may be a numerical value, a correspondence relation of an enumerated array, or a function.
Example two
Referring to fig. 2 and 3, the present invention provides an evaluation method for monitoring a safety state of a pressure-bearing device, which can be described in another aspect below, and the technical solution thereof is systematically explained to facilitate a comprehensive understanding of the present technology.
In this embodiment, a method flow for online monitoring and evaluation of the comprehensive safety state of the pressure-bearing equipment is firstly formulated, and as shown in fig. 2, a plurality of intelligent monitoring terminals are integrated and combined to form a device for online monitoring of the comprehensive safety state of the pressure-bearing equipment. Wherein, part of the online monitoring terminals indicate an effective monitoring method for the over-standard defects found in the regular inspection. And finally, according to the real-time data of the monitoring terminal, the real-time dynamic evaluation of the pressure-bearing comprehensive safety state is realized by combining design, manufacture, installation, operation, maintenance and inspection data, so that the system is a complete software and hardware combined system.
(1) And (4) making a flow of the comprehensive safety state online monitoring and evaluating method of the pressure-bearing equipment.
(2) Data collection and analysis
Looking up and familiarizing design, manufacture, installation, quality certification documents, use management, inspection and detection data and standards delivered by a use unit, and comprehensive inspection, accident event processing and other data of similar containers; if necessary, a survey analysis was performed.
Design data: qualification certification of design units, design, installation, use specifications, design patterns, strength calculation books and the like.
Manufacturing (including field assembly welding) data: qualification certification of manufacturing units, product certification, quality certificate, completion drawing and the like, and manufacturing supervision and inspection certificate.
Installation completion data: reconstruction or major maintenance data; the method comprises the steps of construction scheme, completion data, modification and major maintenance supervision and inspection certificates.
Using the management data: the system comprises a use registration certificate, a special equipment use registration form, an operation record, a start-stop record, a running condition change record, a record of abnormal conditions during running and the like.
Checking and inspecting data: regular annual inspection reports and regular inspection reports of the past; particular attention is paid to the problems found and the manner of handling them.
The strength calculation book in the design data is one of the data calculation criteria for subsequent evaluation, and the material and performance determine the accuracy of the evaluation basic data.
(3) Failure mode analysis and monitoring method determination
According to the data of comprehensive inspection, accident event processing, defect distribution and the like of the similar containers, the risk of the pressure-bearing equipment brought by the failure mode of the monitored equipment is analyzed by combining design, manufacture and use management data, and a corresponding monitoring method, an intelligent monitoring terminal and disposal measures are selected mainly aiming at the failure mode of intrinsic safety.
Acoustic emission methods are recommended for crack initiation and monitoring of known defect activity. The TOFD method is adopted for monitoring the known defect height; other methods may be used if they are effective. The gas leakage monitoring method is selected and executed according to appendix E of GB/T50493-2019 'petrochemical industry combustible gas and toxic gas detection alarm design Standard'. The stress-strain monitoring method adopts a resistance strain method, a fiber grating method and a vibrating wire method. The uneven settlement monitoring can adopt an inclination angle method, a displacement sensor, a static level gauge, a GPS method and a multipoint laser ranging method. The wall thickness monitoring can be selected from ultrasonic thickness measurement, electromagnetic ultrasonic method, magnetic flux leakage method, laser holography method and electric fingerprint method.
For other failure modes analyzed by the failure mode, an effective method is required to be adopted for monitoring.
(4) Model building and monitoring threshold determination
And establishing a pressure-bearing equipment data analysis model in a finite element mode according to design, manufacture and inspection detection data, wherein the model contains defects detected by inspection of the pressure-bearing equipment, and determining stress states and stress distribution cloud charts of the pressure-bearing equipment under different working conditions. And determining the weakest, most probable or most easily-defective monitoring part by combining failure mode analysis, providing critical values of different parts for each monitoring method, and providing basis for online monitoring and early warning.
(5) Installation test of intelligent monitoring terminal
And carrying out installation and performance test according to the mode provided by each intelligent monitoring terminal.
(6) Evaluation model and integrated safety status assessment
Establishing a safety state evaluation factor set of the pressure-bearing equipment, determining influence coefficients among the factors, forming an influence coefficient matrix, carrying out comprehensive analysis and theoretical calculation on the safety state of the pressure-bearing equipment by depending on a digital model of the pressure-bearing equipment, and giving the level of the safety state of the pressure-bearing equipment.
a. Establishing a set of factors by reason of operation, monitoring and failure
U 1 ＝{u 1 ，u 2 ，u 3 ，u 4 …u n } = { pressure, temperature, crack propagation, leakage, stress, tilt, corrosion, buried defect … }
b. Theoretical analysis and experiments are carried out, the finite element model and the data examination content are combined, the influence factors among the factors are determined, the abstraction is mathematical expression, and an influence coefficient matrix is formed:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
indicating that the jth factor is affected by the ith factor. The influence factors generally have the following characteristics: the influence factor may be a value, a corresponding relation of an enumeration array, or a function; the influencing factors between the same factors of different pressure-bearing devices may differ.
For example, the relation between the wall thickness of the spherical container and the pressure can be directly realized by adopting the method in the design standard,
in the formula: delta-wall thickness, mm; for non-corrosive parts, the actual thickness measurement value can be directly adopted; for the position easy to corrode, the data of the intelligent wall thickness monitoring terminal can be adopted.
p c -operating pressure, MPa;
sigma is allowable stress of the spherical shell material at the operating temperature, MPa; can be obtained by table lookup and interpolation;
D i -inner diameter of spherical shell.
c. The influence coefficient matrix xi may be transformed into a diagonal matrix λ.
Thus, the influence of multiple factors is converted into a single factor value for evaluation. And the comprehensive safety state of the pressure-bearing equipment can be evaluated by comparing different value ranges of the monitoring critical value. Each real-time monitoring value can obtain the predicted value of … … for the next day, week and month by the monitoring curve, and the predicted value replaces the monitoring value to evaluate the comprehensive safety state, so that the comprehensive safety state of the pressure-bearing equipment is predicted.
d. Emergency action and treatment
And (4) calculating the safety state by depending on a digital model of the pressure-bearing equipment. The diagnosis is given according to the results; when an emergency occurs, the treatment opinions are given according to a plan.
Finally, the hardware in the technical scheme is matched with a field computer and a network server to form an evaluation system for monitoring the safety state of the pressure equipment, as shown in fig. 3. The network server is designed to communicate with a mobile phone and a computer, and can transmit design data, manufacturing data, installation data, maintenance data and inspection and detection data of the pressure-bearing equipment.
The embodiment provides a device and a method for monitoring pressure-bearing equipment and evaluating a comprehensive safety state in real time, firstly, a failure mode of the pressure-bearing equipment is determined through data consulting pole analysis, a real-time monitoring method and an intelligent monitoring terminal are selected corresponding to the failure mode, monitoring critical values of monitoring parameters and numerical relationships of different monitoring parameters are analyzed through a finite element model, finally, a comprehensive safety state evaluation mathematical model is established and is subjected to software through comprehensive analysis of design, manufacture, installation, operation, maintenance and inspection data and monitoring parameter types, and comprehensive safety state real-time evaluation software is formed. The online monitoring and evaluation of the safety state of the pressure-bearing equipment are realized, the problems that the pressure-bearing equipment is low in efficiency in periodic inspection, lags behind the change of safety indexes (defects) and cannot give an alarm in real time are solved, and the effect of evaluating the dynamic comprehensive safety state of the pressure-bearing equipment according to use parameters, operating conditions and the defect initiation development change is achieved. Meanwhile, a specific monitoring method is provided for the standard exceeding defects discovered by regular inspection, for example, the defects are expanded and monitored by an acoustic emission or TOFD method; for stress concentration, a stress monitoring method is used; for corrosion, ultrasonic wall thickness monitoring method … … was used. All the methods are verified in the project through experiments, and good effects are achieved.
EXAMPLE III
Referring to fig. 5 to 6, the present embodiment further illustrates an evaluation method for monitoring the safety state of a pressure-bearing device according to the first embodiment and the second embodiment by taking the online monitoring and evaluation of the comprehensive safety state of the LPG spherical tank as an example.
1、 3000m 3 The basic design data of the LPG spherical tank are as follows; wherein, the spherical tank contains the non-fusion defect of 40mm long and 2mm high.
| 3000m 3 LPG spherical tank size mm | SR 9000×48 |
| Design pressure MPa | 1.77 |
| Design temperature deg.C | 50 |
| Operating pressure MPa | 1.5 |
| Operating temperature of | 41.4 |
| Material medium | Liquefied petroleum gas |
| |
2 |
| Spherical shell material | Q370R |
| Forging material | 16Mn |
2. Data collection and analysis
Review and familiarity with the design, manufacture, installation, quality documentation, usage management, inspection testing data and standards delivered by the usage units.
Examination of the usage management process and information reveals that the lpg canisters have standard allowable or unallowable defects in the manufacturing process for various reasons. These defects can spread during use and also can initiate defects during use. After some parts of the spherical tank with cracks are repaired, the cracks are newly discovered in the next period. Major accidents of global spherical tanks and comprehensive inspection conditions of the spherical tanks are investigated, and results show that: the defective spherical tank accounts for 37.8 percent of the total, and the major accident caused by the defect accounts for 32.1 percent. The main types of defects present are corrosion, cracks, buried defects, etc.
3. Failure mode analysis and monitoring method determination
According to the investigation on major accidents of the spherical tank, the defects, personnel, management and system safety form almost all reasons of the major accidents of the liquefied petroleum gas spherical tank.
Considering the design, manufacture, operation, medium and other factors of spherical tanks comprehensively, the liquefied gas spherical tank has the following failure modes: (1) sulfide stress corrosion cracking; (2) ductile fracture; (3) brittle fracture; (4) corrosion failure; (5) fatigue, wear and aging effects; (6) leak failure; (7) the spherical tank fails to stabilize; (8) uneven settling of the legs of the spherical tank.
According to the primary and secondary factors influencing safety factors, the structural damage and leakage failure caused by sulfide stress corrosion cracking and buried defect expansion are found to be the failure modes threatening the maximum safety of the liquefied petroleum gas spherical tank, and the safe operation of the liquefied petroleum gas spherical tank is influenced by the uneven settlement and corrosion thinning of the supporting legs and the ductile fracture caused by the overpressure of the spherical tank. In order to ensure the intrinsic safety of the spherical tank, according to the above main failure modes, the following 6 monitoring methods are proposed:
4. model building and monitoring threshold determination
The project has seven monitoring parameters of a sound emission source, buried defects, leakage, wall thickness, stress, uneven settlement and temperature for the spherical tank, each parameter is given with a monitoring method, and different parts or different types of critical values are given for each method according to standards and finite element analysis.
The critical value of the LPG spherical tank with the diameter of 18 meters and welded by Q370R steel is as follows:
5. evaluation model and integrated safety status assessment
Establishing a spherical tank safety state evaluation factor set, establishing influence coefficients among the factors to form an influence coefficient matrix, and performing comprehensive analysis and theoretical calculation on the spherical tank safety state by means of a spherical tank digital model to give the grade of the spherical tank safety state.
a. Establishing a set of factors by reason of operation, monitoring and failure
U 1 ＝{u 1 ，u 2 ，u 3 ，u 4 …u n = { pressure, temperature, crack propagation, leakage, stress, tilt, wall thickness, buried defect }
The diagonal matrix λ substituted into the latest monitor value is the following by performing necessary operations:
(pressure, temperature, crack propagation, leakage, stress, tilt, wall thickness, buried defects)
Here, the pressure and temperature levels are not discussed in this embodiment.
For the grade of crack propagation: the I level does not need verification, the II level can determine whether verification is needed according to the use condition of the detected piece and the actual structure of the acoustic emission positioning source part, the III level needs verification, and the IV level needs to take emergency stopping measures to the spherical tank. The monitoring is level 4, and the spherical tank takes emergency stop measures
The leakage is divided into two levels, and emergency stopping measures are also taken for the spherical tank when the leakage occurs. The monitoring is 0, which indicates that no leakage occurs.
The stresses are graded as follows:
| monitoring | Level | 1 | |
|
4 stage |
| σ | Sigma < allowable stress/2 | Sigma < allowable stress | Allowable stress of sigma < 2 | Sigma < tensile strength |
The stress value of the monitoring result is 340MPa, which exceeds the allowable stress. The safe state is level 3.
The inclination is graded as followsStage (2): the sedimentation amount of two adjacent columns is 0-2 mm; and (2) second stage: the sedimentation amount of two adjacent columns is 2-C max (ii) a Third-stage: the sedimentation amount of two adjacent columns is more than or equal to C max . Wherein: c max Calculated for stress analysis, the maximum column settlement value at which the respective allowable stress is reached at each structure of the spherical tank including, but not limited to, the spherical shell, the column pallet, the column tie rod, etc. The spherical tank is 5.8mm.
This monitoring was done with a 4.5mm tilt. The corresponding safe state is level 2.
The wall thicknesses were graded as follows:
| monitoring | Level | 1 | |
|
4 stage |
| T | T≥δ+3C 2 | δ+C 2 ≤T＜δ+3C 2 | δ≤T＜δ+C 2 | T＜δ |
Wherein, C 2 Is the annual corrosion amount calculated from the most recent monitoring results, and δ is a design calculation without any additional margin. Calculated delta 42mm, according to the wall thickness monitoring curve, C 2 Is 0. The wall thickness was graded as 1.
Buried defects were graded as follows:
wherein h is the defect height,/[ defect length ], and t is the wall thickness; h is max 、l max And (4) calculating the critical height and length of the phase defect according to GB/T19624. The non-fusion defect height of the monitoring is 2mm, and the defect is not changed. The grade is 2.
According to all the monitoring results, the safety level of the spherical tank is 4, and the spherical tank takes emergency stop measures.
Further, in an embodiment, an on-line monitoring and evaluating system for the comprehensive safety state of the LPG spherical tank is provided, as shown in fig. 6. Wherein, a plurality of intelligent acquisition terminals are arranged; the intelligent acquisition terminal can be understood as the intelligent monitoring terminal in the above embodiment. The top of LPG spherical tank 8 is located to slope intelligent acquisition terminal 1, and the bottom of LPG spherical tank 8 is located to temperature intelligent acquisition terminal 6. In addition, still fixed acoustic emission intelligent acquisition terminal 2, stress intelligent acquisition terminal 3, TOFD intelligent acquisition terminal 4, leak intelligent acquisition terminal 5 and wall thickness intelligent acquisition terminal 7 of being provided with on LPG spherical tank 8 and/or the pillar. The intelligent acquisition terminal is connected with a monitoring and fault diagnosis platform through an RS458 communication protocol.
Example four
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the invention provides an evaluation device for monitoring the safety state of a pressure-bearing device, and the evaluation device for monitoring the safety state of the pressure-bearing device executes the evaluation method for monitoring the safety state of the pressure-bearing device described in the first embodiment or the second embodiment.
The evaluation device of pressure equipment safety condition monitoring includes:
the reading unit is used for reading the data of the pressure-bearing equipment;
the monitoring method determination unit is used for analyzing the failure mode of the pressure-bearing equipment and determining a monitoring method;
the critical value determining unit is used for establishing a data analysis model of the pressure-bearing equipment by adopting a finite element mode according to design, manufacture and inspection detection data, analyzing a monitoring part which is easy to have defects by combining a failure mode, and giving a critical value of the monitoring part according to each monitoring method;
the evaluation model establishing unit is used for establishing a factor set for evaluating the safety state of the pressure-bearing equipment according to the operation parameters, the monitoring parameters and the failure reasons and establishing an influence coefficient among the factors in the factor set; converting all the influence coefficients of the multiple factors into values of single factors; and
and the comprehensive safety state evaluation unit is used for comparing the value range of the critical value and evaluating the comprehensive safety state of the pressure-bearing equipment.
In one embodiment, reading the data of the pressure bearing device includes collecting and analyzing the data. The design, manufacture, installation, quality document, use management, inspection and detection data and standard sent by a using unit, the comprehensive inspection of the similar containers, accident event processing and the like are consulted and familiar, and if necessary, research and analysis are carried out. Further, the data are design data, manufacturing (including field assembly welding) data, installation completion data, use management data, inspection and inspection data of the pressure equipment. Wherein, the strength calculation book in the design data is used as one of the data calculation criteria of the subsequent evaluation, and the material and performance in the strength calculation book determine the accuracy of the evaluation basic data.
Preferably, the evaluation device for monitoring the safety state of the pressure-bearing equipment further comprises an intelligent monitoring unit connected with the critical value determining unit and/or the evaluation model establishing unit; the intelligent monitoring unit comprises one or more terminals of an intelligent pressure monitoring terminal, an intelligent temperature monitoring terminal, an intelligent acoustic emission monitoring terminal, an intelligent leakage monitoring terminal, an intelligent stress monitoring terminal, an intelligent inclination monitoring terminal, an intelligent corrosion monitoring terminal and an intelligent TOFD monitoring terminal. Generally, an intelligent monitoring terminal corresponds to a monitoring method.
Among them, the following arrangement is possible with respect to the monitoring method. The monitoring method comprises crack initiation monitoring, monitoring of known defect activity, monitoring of known defect height, gas leakage monitoring, stress strain monitoring, differential settlement monitoring or wall thickness monitoring.
Regarding the monitoring method, specifically:
1. acoustic emission methods are recommended for crack initiation and monitoring of known defect activity.
2. The TOFD method is adopted for monitoring the known defect height; other methods may be used if they are effective for monitoring.
3. The gas leakage monitoring method is selected and executed according to appendix E of GB/T50493-2019 'petrochemical industry combustible gas and toxic gas detection alarm design Standard'.
4. The stress-strain monitoring method is to select a resistance-strain method, a fiber grating method and a vibrating wire method.
5. The uneven settlement monitoring can adopt an inclination angle method, a displacement sensor, a static level gauge, a GPS method and a multipoint laser ranging method.
6. The wall thickness monitoring can be selected from ultrasonic thickness measurement, electromagnetic ultrasonic method, magnetic flux leakage method, laser holography method and electric fingerprint method.
7. For other failure modes analyzed by the failure mode, an effective method is required to be adopted for monitoring.
The evaluation device for monitoring the safety state of the pressure-bearing equipment comprises a processor and a memory, wherein the reading unit, the monitoring method determining unit, the critical value determining unit, the evaluation model establishing unit, the comprehensive safety state evaluating unit and the like are stored in the memory as program units, and the processor executes the program units stored in the memory to realize corresponding functions.
The processor comprises a kernel, and the kernel calls the corresponding program unit from the memory. The kernel can be set to be one or more than one, the influence coefficient is accurately calculated to be a value of a single factor by adjusting kernel parameters, and the value is compared with the value range of a critical value, so that the comprehensive safety state of the pressure-bearing equipment can be accurately evaluated.
The memory may include volatile memory in a computer readable medium, random Access Memory (RAM) and/or non-volatile memory, such as Read Only Memory (ROM) or flash memory (flash RAM), including at least one memory chip.
One embodiment provides an apparatus, which includes a processor, a memory, and a program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, and when the processor executes the program, at least the following steps are implemented:
s1, reading data of pressure-bearing equipment;
s2, analyzing the failure mode of the pressure-bearing equipment and determining a monitoring method;
s3, establishing a data analysis model and determining a monitoring critical value:
s31, establishing a data analysis model of the pressure-bearing equipment in a finite element mode according to design, manufacture, inspection and detection data;
s32, analyzing the monitoring part which is easy to have defects by combining with a failure mode, and giving a critical value of the monitoring part for each monitoring method;
s4, establishing an evaluation model and evaluating the comprehensive safety state:
s41, establishing a factor set for evaluating the safety state of the pressure-bearing equipment according to the operation parameters, the monitoring parameters and the failure reasons, and determining an influence coefficient among factors in the factor set;
s42, converting all the influence coefficients of the multiple factors into values of single factors;
and S43, comparing the value range of the critical value, and evaluating the comprehensive safety state of the pressure-bearing equipment.
The above-mentioned devices may be servers, PCs, PADs, mobile phones, etc.
As will be appreciated by one skilled in the art, embodiments of the present application may be provided as a method, system, or computer program product. Accordingly, the present application may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present application may take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, and the like) having computer-usable program code embodied therein.
The present application is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the application. It will be understood that each flow and/or block of the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, and combinations of flows and/or blocks in the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture including instruction means which implement the function specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide steps for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
In a typical configuration, a computing device includes one or more processors (CPUs), input/output interfaces, network interfaces, and memory.
The memory may include forms of volatile memory in a computer readable medium, random Access Memory (RAM) and/or non-volatile memory, such as Read Only Memory (ROM) or flash memory (flash RAM). The memory is an example of a computer-readable medium.
Computer-readable media, including both non-transitory and non-transitory, removable and non-removable media, may implement information storage by any method or technology. The information may be computer readable instructions, data structures, modules of a program, or other data. Examples of computer storage media include, but are not limited to, phase change memory (PRAM), static Random Access Memory (SRAM), dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM), other types of Random Access Memory (RAM), read Only Memory (ROM), electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory (EEPROM), flash memory or other memory technology, compact disc read only memory (CD-ROM), digital Versatile Discs (DVD) or other optical storage, magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other non-transmission medium that can be used to store information that can be accessed by a computing device. As defined herein, a computer readable medium does not include a transitory computer readable medium such as a modulated data signal and a carrier wave.
It should also be noted that the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising a … …" does not exclude the presence of another identical element in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
As will be appreciated by one skilled in the art, embodiments of the present application may be provided as a method, system, or computer program product. Accordingly, the present application may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present application may take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, and the like) having computer-usable program code embodied therein.
EXAMPLE five
The present invention provides a storage medium having a program stored thereon, the program, when executed by a processor, implementing the method for evaluating monitoring of the safety state of a pressure-bearing apparatus according to the first to third embodiments.
EXAMPLE six
The invention provides a processor, wherein the processor is used for running a program, and when the program runs, the evaluation method for monitoring the safety state of pressure-bearing equipment in the first to third embodiments is executed.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.
Claims (10)
1. The evaluation method for monitoring the safety state of the pressure-bearing equipment is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, reading data of pressure-bearing equipment;
s2, analyzing the failure mode of the pressure-bearing equipment and determining a monitoring method;
s3, establishing a data analysis model and determining a monitoring critical value:
s31, establishing a data analysis model of the pressure-bearing equipment in a finite element mode according to design, manufacture, inspection and detection data;
s32, analyzing the monitoring part which is easy to have defects by combining with a failure mode, and giving a critical value of the monitoring part for each monitoring method;
s4, establishing an evaluation model and evaluating the comprehensive safety state:
s41, establishing a factor set for evaluating the safety state of the pressure-bearing equipment according to the operation parameters, the monitoring parameters and the failure reasons, and determining an influence coefficient among factors in the factor set;
s42, converting all the influence coefficients of the multiple factors into values of single factors;
and S43, comparing the value range of the critical value, and evaluating the comprehensive safety state of the pressure-bearing equipment.
2. The method for evaluating the safety state monitoring of the pressure-bearing equipment according to claim 1, wherein the data analysis model contains defects detected by the pressure-bearing equipment inspection and stress states and stress distribution cloud charts for determining different working conditions of the pressure-bearing equipment.
3. An evaluation method for monitoring the safety state of a pressure bearing device according to claim 1, wherein the monitoring method comprises crack initiation monitoring, monitoring of known defect activity, monitoring of known defect height, gas leakage monitoring, stress strain monitoring, differential settlement monitoring or wall thickness monitoring.
4. An evaluation method for monitoring the safety state of pressure equipment according to claim 1 or 3, characterized by further comprising the steps of installing and testing an intelligent monitoring terminal; the intelligent monitoring terminal comprises one or more of an intelligent pressure monitoring terminal, an intelligent temperature monitoring terminal, an intelligent acoustic emission monitoring terminal, an intelligent leakage monitoring terminal, an intelligent stress monitoring terminal, an intelligent inclination monitoring terminal, an intelligent corrosion monitoring terminal and an intelligent TOFD monitoring terminal.
5. An evaluation method for monitoring the safety state of a pressure bearing device according to claim 1,
in S41, the factor set is set as U 1 ，
Wherein u is n Indicating pressure, temperature, crack propagation, leakage, stress, tilt, corrosion, or buried defects;
in S41, the influence coefficient is formed as an influence coefficient matrix ξ,
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
showing that the jth factor is influenced by the ith factor;
in S42, the influence coefficient matrix xi may be transformed into a diagonal matrix λ,
6. an evaluation method for monitoring the safety state of a pressure bearing device according to claim 1, characterized in that the influence factor is set as a numerical value, or as a corresponding relation of an enumerated array, or as a function.
7. An evaluation device for monitoring the safety state of pressure-bearing equipment is characterized in that the evaluation device for monitoring the safety state of the pressure-bearing equipment executes the evaluation method for monitoring the safety state of the pressure-bearing equipment according to any one of claims 1 to 7; the evaluation device of pressure equipment safety condition monitoring includes:
the reading unit is used for reading the data of the pressure-bearing equipment;
the monitoring method determination unit is used for analyzing the failure mode of the pressure-bearing equipment and determining a monitoring method;
the critical value determining unit is used for establishing a data analysis model of the pressure-bearing equipment by adopting a finite element mode according to design, manufacture and inspection detection data, analyzing a monitoring part which is easy to have defects by combining a failure mode, and giving a critical value of the monitoring part according to each monitoring method;
the evaluation model establishing unit is used for establishing a factor set for evaluating the safety state of the pressure-bearing equipment according to the operation parameters, the monitoring parameters and the failure reasons and establishing an influence coefficient among the factors in the factor set; converting all the influence coefficients of the multiple factors into values of single factors; and
and the comprehensive safety state evaluation unit is used for comparing the value range of the critical value and evaluating the comprehensive safety state of the pressure-bearing equipment.
8. The device for evaluating the safety state monitoring of the pressure bearing equipment according to claim 7, characterized by further comprising an intelligent monitoring unit; the intelligent monitoring unit comprises one or more terminals of an intelligent pressure monitoring terminal, an intelligent temperature monitoring terminal, an intelligent acoustic emission monitoring terminal, an intelligent leakage monitoring terminal, an intelligent stress monitoring terminal, an intelligent inclination monitoring terminal, an intelligent corrosion monitoring terminal and an intelligent TOFD monitoring terminal.
9. A storage medium, characterized in that the storage medium includes a stored program; wherein the program executes the evaluation method for monitoring the safety state of a pressure equipment according to any one of claims 1 to 7.
10. A processor, wherein the processor is configured to run a program; wherein when the program is run, the evaluation method for monitoring the safety state of the pressure equipment according to any one of claims 1 to 7 is executed.
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Inventor after: Zhang Jinwei Inventor after: Liu Shaodong Inventor after: Fei Xuezhi Inventor after: Mao Zhuozhuo Inventor after: Yue Bin Inventor after: Wang Qiang Inventor after: Shi Jiqing Inventor after: Song Wenming Inventor after: Tian Li Inventor before: Zhang Jinwei Inventor before: Liu Shaodong Inventor before: Fei Xuezhi Inventor before: Mao Zhuozhuo Inventor before: Yue Bin Inventor before: Wang Qiang Inventor before: Shi Jiqing Inventor before: Song Wenming Inventor before: Tian Li |