CN86102982A - Prolong the method for plant or some rest period of organ of plant - Google Patents

Abstract

A kind of method that prolongs plant or some rest period of organ of plant is handled some organ of plant or plant with the aqueous solution of cyanamide before the germination period of prediction.

Description

Prolong the method for plant or some rest period of organ of plant

This invention is about prolonging a kind of method of plant or some organ dormancy of plant, and a kind ofly guarantees that no problem protective plant is not subjected to the method for frostbite in late period.

As everyone knows, the growth of plant occurred in the different developmental stage, and these different stages have obvious limit each other.For example, the sprouting of seed, the perennial plant bud sprout the formation of leaf, flower and fruit and seed.The process of growing is by the inheritance decision, and by the factor of plant corpus inside, promptly being called as endogenous growth factor influences.

But these endogenous growth factors have reciprocal relation with growth factor such as light, temperature, air, water and the nutrition in the external world.

Eugonic plant can not be resisted unfavorable extraneous growth factors such as picture frost, heat, lack of water.For the maintenance of planting, in order to protect the damage that causes of oneself avoiding these abominable external conditions, for necessary some organ of plant life; for example, seed, storage root, root-like stock; bulb or bud enter a resting stage when environment is not suitable for, promptly be called the stage of dormancy.In resting stage, plant does not have noticeable growth, that is to say the external condition sensitive portions that does not form abominable.

The length of the beginning of dormancy and end and resting stage mainly is subjected to environmental condition, for example light and Temperature Influence.

Prolonging resting stage provides obvious superiority for cultivation of plants.Particularly all the more so in the plantation of fruit tree and grape.Some place still has the invasion and attack of freeze injury after plant begins vigorous growth.Under such weather conditions, these superiority just seem and are even more important.The appearance in this late frost every year was both irregular, and caused that the degree of injury is incomplete same again, will cause like this that therefore freeze injury takes place the fruit tree and the vine that have germinateed, and this freeze injury always caused the underproduction.

Carried out multiple trial with the freeze injury of avoiding this late period (1976 by New York John Wileg d sons printing for " growth of the grape " book that can write with reference to R.I.Weaver, 47-55 page or leaf).These methods comprise and are called as " to white spray-on process " (frost sprinkling); influence the method for multilayer cold air and the method that directly orchard is heated by fan blower; all these methods are owing to be directly to protect the buds and leaves of having sprouted; effect is undesirable, or too high and economical inadequately owing to consuming the lot of energy cost.

Therefore aspect the freeze injury of avoiding late period, also carried out a few thing (with reference to " application of plant growth substance in agricultural " book of R.I.Weaver, 166-167 page or leaf, printing in 1972) utilizing plant hormone to prolong dormancy.What experiment was used is natural plant hormone, as gibberellin and abscisic acid, has also used synthetic growth inhibitor, and (chlormequat CCC), but does not obtain desirable result so far as chlorocholine chloride.

Therefore the purpose of this invention is to provide a method that prolongs plant or some rest period of organ of plant, this method does not have the shortcoming (although the not so difficult operation of previous method) of previous those methods, and can prolong resting stage effectively.

According to this invention, a method that prolongs the resting stage of plant or some organ of plant corpus has been proposed, promptly handle some organ of plant or plant corpus with the aqueous solution of cyanamide at the sprouting period of prediction.

The method that is provided in this piece invention has been provided for we.The method can make resting stage be prolonged significantly, this point is amazing, because have antipodal influence according to previous method (with reference to the patent description No.3150404 of Germany) cyanamide solution, that is to say the releasing bud dormancy, the time that only can depend on processing to this with the effect of cyanamide explains.

Under situation about using according to method provided by the present invention, cyanamide solution will be used for some organ of processed plant or plant in the past at the sprouting period of prediction, for example bud, root-like stock, bulb, bulb or storage root.The time of handling is that preceding 4 weeks of the sprouting period of prediction are to sprouting the previous day.The prolongation of the time of handling to resting stage has decisive influence, processing late more, and the time that is to say processing is short more with the time interval between the germinating time of prediction, and it is just long more to postpone the time of sprouting.Under optimum situation, dormancy can extend to 14 days, therefore by means of the method that is provided in this invention, can not only prolong dormancy, and the sure period of controlling prolongation by the time of handling.

The scope of employed cyanamide concentration of aqueous solution is between 0.05%-10% (weight ratio) preferably, and optimal concentration is in the scope of 1%-3% (weight ratio).Cyanamide can spray by the sprayer of routine, therefore the advantage that has safety and measure easily.

The employed amount of cyanamide so that the complete humidity of processed plant or plant organ be advisable.Some can be helped humectant (Wetting agents), the polyethylene glycols (alkylaryl polyglycol ethers) that particularly has alkaryl is added in the cyanamide solution as " Citowett " goes, addition is advisable (weight ratio) with 0.1%-1%, is benchmark with cyanamide solution.

Taking it by and large, the method that is provided in this piece invention is suitable for handling all plants, is particularly suitable for fruit tree and vine.

The most important superiority of this method is on purpose to control the prolongation of resting stage, is convenient to operation, and because cyanamide is a kind of cheap chemical reagent, so very economical.Can avoid because the caused underproduction of frostbite in late period for one, safety, economic method again, these advantages all are important prerequisites.

Give some instances below so that this invention to be described.

Example 1:

Have the grape of a kind of being called " Nobling " to be considered to be difficult to germinate in grape growth district, southern Baden (Baden), and late frost usually occur after germination, often causes tangible injury.According to practical experience, estimate to germinate May 10 in this year that experimentize.Concentration (weight ratio) according to the present invention with 2.5% was sprayed cyanamide solution April 24 to vine, just only carried out in 15 days before prediction is germinateed, and postponed about ten days thereby make to germinate, and experimental result please be seen following table.

Table 1

The cyanamide influence that extension is germinateed to " Nobling " grape

(date is weighed to germinate)

Handle the fate of germination period resting stage prolongation

Be untreated May 10-

2.5% cyanamide

10 days on the 20th May

(processing on April 24)

Example 2:

A Kangka melon (Aconcagna) area, river valley in South America is a newer grape place of production, and when normal bud was sprouted, diurnal temperature often had sizable variation, and afternoon, temperature can rise to 20 ℃, and this regional temperature can drop to freezing point at night.

The experiment that prolongs resting stage is to carry out on the vine of seedless Thompson kind, and this is this regional most important grape variety.At different spraying concentrations in period is the 2.5% cyanamide aqueous solution.Therefore August 28, carried out 10-15 days of being selected in before the germination date of being predicted the time of handling according to the normal germinating time of the practical experience in former years.Really observed the early indication that bud is sprouted August 28, be that bud expands and can see first leaf fine hair (cotton wool stage), this means that (August 28) has been the not phase in resting stage when once spraying the latest, as shown in table 2, once spray the latest and make dormancy prolongation 10 days.

Table 2

To A Kangka melon river valley Thompson currant

The influence that resting stage prolongs

Prediction germination resting stage prolongation

Handle date germination date fate

Fate before phase

Be untreated August 28

2.5% cyanamide 29 days 1 August of 15 days 15 August

Solution 13 days 10 September of 28 days 0 August

Claims (10)

1, prolong the method for plant and some organ dormancy of plant, it is characterized in that, the aqueous solution with cyanamide before the germination period of prediction is handled plant or plant organ.

2, according to the method for claim 1,4 thoughtful germinations were handled the same day before the germination period of prediction.

3, according to the method for claim 1 or 2, the working concentration of cyanamide is the 0.05%-10%(weight ratio).

4, according to the method for claim 3, the working concentration of cyanamide is the 1%-3%(weight ratio).

5, according to the method for aforesaid arbitrary claim, plant to be processed or plant organ all will be squirted fully by cyanamide.

6, according to the method for aforesaid arbitrary claim, employed cyanamide solution all should contain humidizer.

7, according to the method for claim 6, the humidification dosage of use is approximately the 0.1%-1%(weight ratio of cyanamide solution).

8, according to the method for claim 6 or 7, humidizer is a kind of alkaryl polyethylene glycol (alkylaryl polyglycol ether).

9, according to the method for claim 1, the dormancy of said prolongation plant or some organ of plant, substantially as that narrated before this and example that enumerate.

10, the aqueous solution of cyanamide is used as the reagent that prolongs plant or some rest period of organ of plant.