CN85108840B - 开关式调节器的电流监控 - Google Patents

开关式调节器的电流监控 Download PDF

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CN85108840B
CN85108840B CN85108840A CN85108840A CN85108840B CN 85108840 B CN85108840 B CN 85108840B CN 85108840 A CN85108840 A CN 85108840A CN 85108840 A CN85108840 A CN 85108840A CN 85108840 B CN85108840 B CN 85108840B
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CN85108840A (zh
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鲁道夫·希尔乔特
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Siemens AG
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02HEMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H7/00Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
    • H02H7/10Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers
    • H02H7/12Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers
    • H02H7/1213Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers for DC-DC converters
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/10Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/156Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/33507Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of the output voltage or current, e.g. flyback converters
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0003Details of control, feedback or regulation circuits
    • H02M1/0009Devices or circuits for detecting current in a converter

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)
  • Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一个开关式逆变器中用于电流监控的一个电路结构,其中利用一个大功率开关装置以脉冲控制用电流使电感储能。根据本发明将由一个RC-环节构成该电感上压降的平均值,并且在超过了一个预定的最大压降值时,利用一个门槛值电路关断该大功率开关装置。

Description

开关式调节器的电流监控
本发明涉及一个开关式逆变器中用作电流监控的电路结构,该开关式逆变器中,利用一个大功率开关装置(LS)的脉冲控制使一个电感(L)由电流(I)储能的一个电流监控用的电路结构。
在开关式供电装置、开关式逆变器及相似的电路结构中,其大功率开关装置中电感上的大电流将被周期性地接通与关断。由此就产生了这样的问题:在大功率开关装置中的电流、也就是在半导体开关元件中出现的过电流必须加以限制,以免这些开关元件遭到损坏。这个过电流则可能是由于过负荷、短路或者在容性负载情况下开关式调节器的起动而引起的。
熔断式保险丝及电磁式过电流释放装置在该调节器中必须用来承担:在电流急剧上升时对半导体元件,也即对大功率开关装置进行保护,此外这些元件过电流的开断是不可逆的。根据这个原理已经公知的有:用测量电阻、即所谓的分流器或电流互感器联接在待保护的电路中,在大功率开关装置中过电流时,利用一个相应的测量电子电路开断过电流。这个措施在:“开关式电源装置”(“Shaltnetzteil”J·Wüstehube著)一书的第5.41,5.42及12.10.3章节中已经描述了。这种措施不但花费昂贵,而且还在负载回路中引起了不希望有的电压降。此外由于测量电阻需用低电阻值的,就必须使用高价的特殊结构的电阻。
本发明是以这样的任务为基础的:即确定一种容易构成的用于电流监控的电路结构。
这一任务将根据用于形成该电感(L)上压降的一个平均值的电路;以及在超过了一个预定的最大电压降时关断的该大功率开关装置(LS)的一个门槛值电路来解决。
根据本发明用于电流监控的电路结构的优点在于:不需使用任何高价的测量电阻。
其优点还在于:根据本发明用于电流监测的电路有通用性,也即譬如可用在原边及付边的脉冲控制式调节器中。
还有一个较大的优点:在电感器绕组温度高时,由于绕组导线的正电阻系数使电流值较早地受到限制。
在使用一个具有开路集电极的运算放大器作为门槛电路装置时,它的输出端直接地与一个脉宽调制器的输出端联在一起,只要该输出端上设有一个同样为开路集电极的输出级三极管即可。
以下将根据在附图中描述的实施例来解释本发明。
其附图为:
图1:一个公知的降压调节器,
图2:一个公知的升压调节器,
图3:一个公知的原边开关式调节器,及
图4:根据本发明用于电流监控的电路结构。
在图1及图3中描述的是本身已被公知的开关式调节器,在那里功能相同的元件利用相同的图形符号来表示。
在图1中给出一个降压调节器,其上通过一个大功率开关装置LS周期性地使电感线圈用电流储能。在大功率开关装置LS导通时间间隔中电流流过大功率开关装置LS、电感线圈sup进一步流经联接在其后的负载电阻RL。为了使电流滤平,在输出端侧用一个平波电容器G1与电感线圈sup相联接。当在大功率开关装置LS的阻断时间间隔中该电流将经过续流二极管F来维持。
在图2中描绘的是一个升压调节器,在那里通过一个大功率开关装置LS周期性地使电感线圈用电流储能。在大功率开关装置LS的导通时间间隔中电流流经电感线圈sup。而当大功率开关装置LS的阻断时间间隔中,电感线圈sup中所储存的能量将以电流的形式通过一个整流二极管G向负载电阻RL进行释放。为了使该电流滤平这里也同样地在输出端侧用一个平波电容器C1联在整流二极管G的后面。
在图3中是描述一个具有变压器ü的初级进行脉冲调节的逆变器。该变压器ü的初级绕组PW与大功率开关装置LS一起构成了输入端回路。在次级侧描绘了二个输出回路,其中上面的这个次级回路与输入端回路一起构成了一个导通型变换器而下面的那个次级回路与输入端回路则构成了一个阻断型变换器。
在导通型变换器上,当大功率开关装置LS导通时间间隔时,能量从变压器ü的初级绕组PW传递到第一个次级绕组SWI。电流由此经过了第一个整流二极管GI及联接在其后的电感线圈sup送到一个负载电阻RLI上。为了滤平电流在输出端侧考虑设置了一个平波电容器CI。在大功率开关装置LS的阻断时间间隔中,该电流则通过续流二极管F来维持。
在阻断型变换器上,同样地当大功率开关装置LS导通时间间隔时,能量从变压器ü的初级绕组PM传递到第二个次级绕组SW2。这个能量将在大功率开关装置LS阻断时间间隔中通过第二个整流二极管G2送给到第二个负载电阻RL2上。为了滤平电流在这里同样地考虑在输出端设置了一个滤波电容器G2。
这个在图1及图2中所给出的付边开关式调节器其结构及工作原理在“半导体电路技术”(“Halbleiterschaltungstechnik”Tietze和Schenk著)一书的第5版、第16.5.1章节中已经叙述了。在图3中给出的原边开关式调节器有二种实施方式:作为导通型及阻断型变换器。这已在“开关式电源装置一书(“Shatnefzteil”Joachim Wüstehube著1979年版)的第2及第3章中作了描述。
本发明是以下列想法为基础的。
在依据本发明的电流监控用电路结构中,为了进行电流监控,利用了电路中存在的电感:即电感线图sup(见图1,2)及变压器ü的初级绕组PW及次级绕组SW1,SW2(见图3)。由于通过了低通滤波器,譬如通过一个RC环节,获得了电感上的开关电压平均值,于是就构成了一个反映欧姆压降的值。这个将通过一个门槛值电路用来关断大功率开关装置LS,这个门槛值电路譬如利用一个比较器或运算放大器来实现。这个电压降就是电感绕组电阻的欧姆压降值,因此也就是有效电流的值。
所接入电感的线圈导线的正电阻系数产生了有利的效果。譬如由于在高环境温度或长时间连续的大负荷运行引起高的绕阻温度时,该电流值就会提早受到限制,并且由此起到阻止温升过高的作用。
在图4上绘出了根据本发明用于开关式调节器电路的电流监控电路。通过一个电感L流过一个电流I,在该电感的输入端测量出第一电压值为U1而在其输出端测量出第二电压值为U2。该电感L可以利用图1至3中描绘的电感线圈sup中的一个或利用图3中绘出的绕组PW,SW1,SW2中的一个作为实际所应用的电感。可以直接地在电感线图sup及初级绕组PW上,或间接地通过变压器ü在其次级绕组SW1,SW2上利用大功率开关装置LS之开关过程来产生这一电流。一个电组R1及一个电容C3按该次序组成了RC环节的串联支路,它与电感L相并联。该RC阻容环节中电阻R1的欧姆值与电容器C3的电容值之乘积大约比开关式调节器的开关频率对应的周期大十倍。在电阻R1及电容C3之间是一个未注符号的结点,它经过一个电阻R2与参照电位O联接,在这个结点上测量的第三电压为U3。进一步设置了门槛值电路SW,在它的反向输入端输入第三电压值U3,而在其正向输入端输入第二电压U2。该RC环节的电容器C3也并联在该门槛值电路SW的两个输入端之间,该门槛值电路譬如可用一个运算放大器来实现。该门槛值电路SW的输出端与一个调节器级RS相联接,在该调节器RS上同样地输入了一个脉宽调制器PB的输出端信号。
该调节器级RS使用来作大功率开关装置LS的控制用。这个调节器级RS具有:例如一个控制用三极管S及一个电阻R,如果大功率开关装置LS是利用双极性半导体元件作的话,那么该大功率开关装置LS的基极可以对参照电位O开通或关断。
以下将描述根据本发明的用作电流监控的电路结构的工作原理。
在电感L上流过了一个脉动的电流I。通过由电阻RI及电容器C3组成的RC环节、利用平均值的形成电路在电路中的电感L中反映欧姆压降的值。这个欧姆压降值利用电容器C3测得并输入到门槛值电路SW的输入端上,当它超过了一个临界值时使该门槛值电路SW的输出信号发生改变。
这个门槛电压值在这里可利用一个电阻分压器进行调节,这个分压器是由电阻R1及R2组成的。在该门槛值电路SW的反向输入端输入端的第三电压值U3即为该门槛值。第二电压值U2可从电感L的输出端测量出,并将其输入到该门槛值电路SW的正向输入端。当该第二电压值U2低于门槛电压值、即低于第三电压值U3时,门槛值电路SW将改变它的二进制输出值,其值由相对于逻辑值l的电位变化到相对于逻辑值O的电位值。如果电感L上的电流值I上升愈大则第二电压值下降就愈多。而第一电压值U1及由此形成的第三电压值U3是与该电流值I几乎无关的。
如果当这个门槛值电路输出相当于逻辑值1的电位时,该电位通过调节器RS使大功率开关装置LS保持导通。而当该门槛电路SW输出相当于逻辑值O的电位时,该电位通过调节器级RS使大功率开关装置LS关断。
也可能利用一个相应的运算放大器作为该门槛值电路SW,它无需再利用调节器级RS即可对大功率开关装置LS进行直接控制。
为了使输出电压值保持衡定,该调节器级RS譬如受到一个脉宽调制器PB的控制。至于该开关式逆变器的输出端电压与该脉宽调制器PB之间的耦合网络对本发明来说是次要的,在此不再赘述。在图4描绘的电路结构中,脉宽调制器及门槛值电路SW每个均有一个带开路集电极的输出端三极管。由此就可能使这两个电路级的输出端简单地进行电流的耦合。无论是由于脉宽调制器PB保持恒定的输出电压调节、还是由于门槛值电路SW电感L上的最大电流值被超过引起的,在它们的输出端输出与逻辑值O对应的电平时,该大功率开关装置LS总是由调节器级RS进行关断。
附图中的符号表
sup:          电感线圈
L:            电感
LS: 大功率开关装置
RS: 调节器级
S: 开关型三极管
F: 续流二极管
G1,G2: 整流二极管
C1,C2: 平波电容器
C3: 电容器
R,R1,R2: 电阻
U1,U2,U3: 第一,第二,第三个电压值
ü 变压器
PW,SW1,SW2: 初级,次级绕组
PB 脉宽调制器
SW 门槛值电路
RL,RL1,RL2: 负载电阻

Claims (3)

1、在一个开关式逆变器中用作电流监控的电路结构,该开关式逆变器中,利用一个大功率开关装置(LS)的脉冲控制使一个电感(L)由电流(I)储能,该电流监控电路结构包括一用于形成该电感(L)上压降的一个平均值的电路,和一在超过了一个预定的最大电压降时关断该大功率开关装置(LS)的一个门槛值电路,其特征在于:用一个运算放大器作为门槛值电路,在该运算放大器的两个输入端上并联了RC环节(R1,C3)的电容器C3;并且设置了一个电阻(R2),它与RC环节(R1,C3)中的电阻(R1)组成了一个分压器,在该分压器上形成了用于门槛值电路(SW)的一个参照电压(第三个电压值U3);该分压器(电阻R1,R2)联接在电感L的输入端侧及一个参照电位OV之间;一个门槛值电路(SW)有一个带开路集电极的输出端三极管。
2、根据权利要求1的电路结构,其特征在于:用与电感(L)相并联的一个RC环节(R1,C3)作为上述形成电感(L)上压降平均值的电路。
3、根据权利要求1或2的电路结构,其特征在于:该电感(L)是一个降压调节器中的一个电感线圈(sup)。
CN85108840A 1985-01-28 1985-12-14 开关式调节器的电流监控 Expired CN85108840B (zh)

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CN85108840B (zh) * 1985-01-28 1988-07-06 西门子公司 开关式调节器的电流监控
DE3713540A1 (de) * 1987-04-22 1988-11-10 Siemens Ag Kombinierter sekundaerschalter
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BR8600315A (pt) 1986-10-07
ES551272A0 (es) 1987-01-01
US4668905A (en) 1987-05-26
EP0193723A1 (de) 1986-09-10
CN85108840A (zh) 1986-07-23
AU5269786A (en) 1986-07-31
DE3663216D1 (en) 1989-06-08
MX161793A (es) 1990-12-28
EP0193723B1 (de) 1989-05-03
JPS61173671A (ja) 1986-08-05
ZA86589B (en) 1986-09-24
AU586663B2 (en) 1989-07-20
ES8702751A1 (es) 1987-01-01

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