CN85105039B - Apparatus for producing a force when in a moving fluid - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a new high-efficiency orientable wind sail formed by a tubular pile or a cylindrical fixed hollow body, which is provided with a thick symmetrical cross section, wherein the maximum thickness of the cross section is 50% to 100% of the length, and one arc tail which is smaller than half a circle is arranged on the cross section and is smoothly connected with a more than half an ellipse. The tail is provided with a device which is arranged on a windward side and is used for separating two fluid flows generated on both sides of the outer surface of a body. The device is an adjustable control lamina or baffle plate and can improve output and provide operation flexibility. The present invention is also provided with a device for controlling the boundary layer flow of surface fluid by that the surface fluid of the body is sucked inside from an infiltration area to generate pressure reduction.

Description

Fluid power plant

The present invention relates to a kind of fluid power plant, be specifically related to a kind of being placed on and make its device that produces power in the moving fluid (for example air or water), in order that produce the maximum driving force for the expenditure of energy of needs effectively.In the navigation field, concrete device of the present invention can utilize natural energy resources, because it utilizes the wind drive boats and ships, and other power consumption actuating devices that assistance or substitute of vessel are used.But, it also is useful inventing at other field and occasion, for example is used for land or vehicle, windmill, turbine, waterpower or aerogenerator on ice.

From knownly utilize common sail (passive device) to promote canoe to need bigger sail area, this has limitation in practice, because the wind-force that is obtained by this structure is directly proportional with sail area.Utilize 1931 not the Lay Tener re-issue " Magnus effect " described in the patent in 18, No. 122 U.S. and obtained the achievement of using main drive, as the cylinder of successive rotation.But these devices will be paid very big expenditure of energy for the driving arrangement of necessity, and mechanism's complexity, and reason is to need the speed of changeing with per minute hundreds of rotating cylinder constantly in order to produce required propelling thrust.In addition, they are reverse again after must stopping operating when change of direction, and operation is restricted.

The present invention be directed to the concrete improvement of the body construction of the disclosed fluid power plant of prior art (EP-A-005638).This class device all based on the class fluid power component of " wind motor " type (people such as Feng Kaman in July 19 nineteen fifty-five get permission 2,713, narrated in No. 392 US Patent), utilize a fixing and orientable hollow body, adopt tubing string shape or cylindrical shape, the hollow body that preferably has special cross sectional shape, this hollow body special configuration the zone of fluid penetrable (for example aperture), to walk around in the fluid suction body on its body suction zone surface by suitable air pump or suction apparatus, also be furnished with adjustable control blade or baffle plate elsewhere, to improve the ratio of output and intake, improve the alerting ability of the operation of this device.

In order to understand the present invention better, below discuss about the hydrokinetic groundwork of generation shown in the accompanying drawing 1.

Fig. 1 represents to be placed on the device (for example sail on the ship) that M is ordered in the fluid (for example air), the fluid speed of this device relatively is V, device is subjected to a directed force F, this power can decompose attach most importance to directly in the propulsive effort P of fluid velocity V and with the unidirectional resistance R of fluid velocity V.If this device is pressed direction A at M and is moved, form inclination alpha with velocity vector, it just is subjected to the effect of a propulsive force T, this power is equivalent to the projection of directed force F on direction A, therefore, for a certain size inclination angle (between wind direction and ship's head), as α during less than 90 °, the size of propulsive force T increases with the increase of propulsive effort P, and resistance R then reduces.

Usually, propulsive effort and resistance are represented with dimensionaless coefficient Cz and Cx, can get by following formula

$\mathrm{Cz=}\frac{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="P"\; filenames="85105039\_DRIMG1.png,85105039\_DRIMG2.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">P</figure-callout>}}{\frac{1}{2}{\mathrm{\rho v}}^{2}s}$

$\mathrm{Cx=}\frac{R}{\frac{1}{2}{\mathrm{\rho v}}^{2}S}$

P is propulsive effort (being equivalent to aerodynamic lift) in the formula, R is a resistance, ρ is a fluid density, V is a fluid velocity, the S proj ected surface areas that is this device on perpendicular to the plane of liquid motion direction V, Cz and Cx are lift and resistance (C and the C) coefficients that is applicable to aerofoil as everyone knows, or claim lift coefficient and drag coefficient.

Consider these expression formulas, obviously propulsive force T can be represented by the formula:

T＝1/2ρv ²s(C _zSinα-C _xCosα)

This formula shows that to the orientations of certain fluid velocity V and propulsive force T, the product of S and Cz is big more, and then propulsive force also increases.

If these results are applied to not want the conventional apparatus (for example blade of the sail on aircraft wing, the ship, windmill or sail or the like) that outside energize produces propulsive effort, then in fact coefficient Cz is lower than 1.7, but for the wing of flapped aircraft, may be 2.2, be 2.7 for the supportive device of bypassing the immediate leadership.Obviously, it is too big to produce the needed face area of high propelling thrust T, therefore inconvenient in practicality.

Known and adopted a kind of main drive of external energy that utilizes to produce very large propulsive effort P or lift coefficient Cz, for example, according to the so-called Magnus effect of narrating in the patent of above-mentioned not Lay Tener, rotating a cylinder (around its axle) and places it in the fluid, fluid flows around this cylinder, the deflection of fluid stream produces a very big power to this cylinder, and its direction depends on the speed and the direction of cylinder rotation.The rotation of cylinder is also postponed and has been reduced the numerical value of fluid stream with the turbulence of separating and obtaining of drum surface.

Though this effect of mug(unit of measure) might produce high coefficient Cz numerical value, the cylinder speed that produces the required cylinder rotation of result like this causes mechanism quite complicated, and needs sizable power; Should be noted that for example size of cylinder, its diameter must be 3 meters, and 15 meters of height can promote a smaller ship (promptly 30 meters long).The machinery complexity is special is related with wave, gyro effect etc., and these effects when wind speed is high, can reach 400 rev/mins necessary rotative speed owing to the such cylinder of rotation produces.In addition, when using this device promotion canoe or steamer, if wish to make propulsive force reverse, obviously must make the cylinder counter-rotating, because effect of inertia, counter-rotating needs considerable time.

Feng Kaman has proposed to overcome the way of above-mentioned some shortcoming in 2,713, No. 392 patents of the nineteen fifty-five U.S..Suggestion adopts a fixing vertical cylinder promotion ship to advance aboard ship in patent, and cylinder is permeable to air, and air is inhaled in the cylinder, and windstream is flowed around drum surface.The deflector of a weak point makes the air-flow that has separated around the cylinder that the path of different length be arranged, and is directed at the generation transverse force and acts on this cylinder.But coefficient Cz does not surpass 2.4 in the wind tunnel experiment process of this structure France before two more than ten years, so that install impracticable.Similar principle even in 222, No. 845 patents of Britain of distribution on May 7 nineteen twenty-five, also proposed (N.V.Instituut Voor Aeroen-Hydrodynamiek) in theory, but fail to make practical structure.

Disclosed fluid power plant in EP-A-0055638, it externally energy be the lift coefficient Cz that can reach higher under the lowest term than the device in past, but the body shape of its device and be unsuitable for changing the raising that the dynaflow direction all affects the mobilization force device performance, particularly in Fig. 7 of EP-A-0055678, the semi-round structure of body afterbody causes excessive fluid resistance, consumption to aspirator requires greatly, and only body afterbody one side is provided with the variation that axle suction district is unsuitable for the liquid motion direction.

The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of externally expenditure of energy is to guarantee to obtain hydrodynamic coefficient under the minimal condition, and promptly Cz is 5 to 8, and can change the hydrokinetic direction that hope applies.Specifically be exactly for fluid power plant provides a kind of parts of body construction preferably, to improve the fluid power plant dynamic characteristic.

Groundwork of the present invention is equivalent to the aerodynamic principle of plane airfoil (being wing or helicopter paddle), but to appoint be diverse to the bar that these principles are used, and has any different with aerofoil.The present invention is for low flow velocity particularly useful (for example being lower than 50 nautical miles), and plane airfoil relates generally to very high speed.In addition, aerofoil is main relevant with maximum lift, ignores the utilization on natural energy resources problem basically.On the contrary, in the present invention, mainly consider,, i.e. obtain maximum propulsive effort under the low relatively condition of energy consumption with the consumption of the saving place portion energy to utilization on natural energy resources.Moreover the aerofoil design is closely related with element with tractive force, and does one's utmost to make lift coefficient (C _LOr Cz) with tractive force (C _DOr Cx) ratio is the most reasonable, and in contrast, tractive force is unessential in the present invention, especially navigation purposes, and the resistance that passes the water motion at this occasion hull makes fluid inessential to the tractive force that propelling unit produces.

Under the aerofoil situation, the coefficient scope of lift is 0.2 to 0.3 in the course of normal operation.This numerical value can increase to 2.5 to 3.0 when wing flap was expanded in landing mission.Coefficient of tractor Cx is 0.01 the order of magnitude, makes the ratio of Cz and Cx suitable.

Cz value provided by the invention but is 5 to 8, and this is that propulsive effort meets the requirements of index.Efficient spreads according to fluid and changes the energy that propulsive effort consumes into and measure, and an available energy coefficient (CA) characterizes.This numerical value is nonsensical for the aerofoil of aircraft.

In the present invention, reasonable energy consumption CA is lower than 0.2.In the useful scope of CA from 0.1 to 0.2, the Cz value (being equivalent to propulsive effort) that the present invention produces is from 5 to 8, the numerical value that reaches far above plane airfoil.

A kind of fluid that places first direction motion according to the present invention can make it produce hydrokinetic device with the transversal second direction of first direction basically, the axis of symmetry that it includes its cross-sectional plane becomes the elongated hollow body of arc at an inclination angle with respect to first direction, the cross-sectional plane of this body by the afterbody of elongated front portion of its arc and arc to limiting, anterior thickness increases from front to back, afterbody thickness reduces from front to back, the maximum ga(u)ge of this section serve as reasons its axis of symmetry determine length 50% to 100% between; Being furnished with the fluid that section is produced in the hydrokinetic rear side area suction district is drawn in the hollow body to control the equipment of boundary-layer; The opposite side that produces the dynaflow side surface at the section afterbody has the outstanding baffle plate of relative body; It is oval that the head of the cross-sectional plane of body is essentially, and its tail shape is essentially smooth connection of remainder of circle with the body of quadrntnt arc; Afterbody relative axis of symmetry two sides in side are equipped with above-mentioned suction district, and one of them of this suction district can be covered in by the impermeable shell orientation that is equipped with above-mentioned baffle plate; In use, preferably making the axis of symmetry of body section and the inclination angle between flow direction is 30～35 degree, and it is outstanding radially that baffle plate is preferably 35～45 degree with respect to the angle of axis of symmetry.

According to the concrete formation of fluid power plant of the present invention, just can realize purpose of the present invention, lift coefficient is greatly improved, thereby is obtaining under the compared with prior art cooresponding situation of propulsive effort, outside energy consumption can subtract 20%.Consumption of fuel is saved greatly, and can directed be covered the adjusting that the suction district of a side has wherein reached the propulsive effort direction owing to afterbody disposes impermeable shell.

Concrete formation of the present invention and the good effect that brings thereof will be described in detail in conjunction with following accompanying drawing.

Fig. 1 precedingly illustrates, is vectogram, and the device that expression is studied is arranged by propulsive force T, and this device is positioned at a M, moves on the A of wind angle α direction, when device is placed in the wind of speed V or the fluid stream, produces laterally to propulsive effort P and is subjected to tractive force R.

Fig. 2 a is that round streams figure, is used to illustrate principle of the present invention.

Fig. 2 b, 2c and 2d are the hollow body schematic partial cross-sectional view, the whole bag of tricks that outer (with the wind) and interior (facining the wind) fluid flow point is opened in expression.

Fig. 3 schematically represents the disclosed embodiment cross-sectional form of existing French patent of invention.

Fig. 4 a represents to be used for the available suction conceptual scheme of the relevant embodiment of the present invention to 4d.

Fig. 5 a represents the available scheme that embodiment of the invention deflecting plate is arranged to 5c.

Fig. 6 is the cross sectional representation of another embodiment of prior art, and it includes the oppositely directed device of dynaflow.

Fig. 7 is the scheme drawing that is used for the section shape of prior art improved.

Fig. 8 is that the present invention has made further improved section shape scheme drawing.

Fig. 9 shows the curve that actual measurement obtains on one group of wind tunnel experiment or the ship, and it represents the efficiency factor of different section shapes.

Just as described above, the present invention relates to a kind of speed that places is the device of the moving fluid of V, and the cross-sectional plane of the elongate tubular body of this device is thick symmetrical circular section at fluid flow direction, and its head is elongated and has special shape.But,, represent at Fig. 2 a upper body 10 usefulness circular section segments for simple declaration principle of the present invention.Only be in order to explain that best section shape of the present invention is the following shape that is similar to Fig. 8 that will introduce.

Shown in Fig. 2 a, the fluid stream (for example wind) with speed V is moving along the X-X' axial flow of this section.X-X' and transverse axis Y-Y' are divided into four quadrant 10a, 10b, 10c and 10d with section, are appointed as first quartile respectively to four-quadrant.Quadrant 10b and 10c form the head of section, at first be subjected to the impact of fluid stream, and quadrant 10a and 10d are the afterbody of section.The mobile two plume lines that will be divided into shown in Fig. 2 a of fluid, outflow (with the wind) 11 and interior stream (facining the wind) 13.The difference of pressure that produces provides lift-type to close propulsive effort P(Fig. 1 on X direction Y-Y' to slender body 10), two principal features are arranged.

Label 12 expression is positioned at substantially at this section quadrant 10a place section afterbody and makes hollow body 10 generation vacuum on the side with the wind or make the equipment of pressure decay, (being illustrated in the upside of figure).This is for example with holes at the fluid penetrable district 54(that is provided with β angle size on the wall of hollow body 10) and the pumping equipment of in hollow body, loading onto as ventilating set and so on the way in the fluid suction hollow body 10 is gone to realize.The position in permeable district 54 is normally at air-flow 11 meetings and lift-off place, hollow body surface.Permeable district 54 and pumping equipment are used for keeping windstream 11 to be Laminar Flow around the outside face of section.In addition, second fluid streams stream is around another (inboard) surface flow of section.

For make the down wind fluid the outside of hollow body 10 with separate to fluid 13 down with the wind, disposed blade or deflecting plate 14.Blade 14 also is located at the afterbody of section, but afterbody (facining the wind) side (being quadrant 10d), mutually opposed with permeable district.

As shown in Figure 1, this structure is being transverse to propulsive effort P of generation on the Y-Y' direction of rate of flow of fluid V.If device M regards an aerofoil among the air-flow V as, power P is exactly a lift so, and R is the resistance to aerofoil.For the consumption of energy minimum, characteristics of the present invention are energy consumption hour, and the lift coefficient Cz numerical value that will be described in more detail below is situated between between 5 and 8.

The structure of Fig. 2 b is different with Fig. 2 a to be, except that baffle plate 14a, make with the wind and the device 14 that separates to fluid that facings the wind comprises the device of representing with arrow 14b that fluid is blown to body 10 outsides from the footpath downwards, 14b is positioned near the baffle plate 14a and on the side with the wind that produces the mobile baffle plate 14a of fluid down wind.

According to the unshowned modification structures of another kind, baffle plate 14a can be crooked inwardly, causes concave surface on the face with the wind that fluid flows.Following blowing apparatus is to work in direction that is cut in hollow body 10 and the mobile direction of fluid down wind basically.

The modification structures of Fig. 2 c has the member of Fig. 2 a illustrated embodiment, in addition, can also comprise the following blowing apparatus of representing with arrow 12b by vacuum device 12 in first quartile 10a, this device 12b reinstates on the direction of the tangent substantially fluid down wind surface flow of the section between aspirator 12a and the baffle plate 14a.

According to unshowned another device, Fig. 2 b and Fig. 2 c form characteristics can be made up, by same quadrat method, can between aspirator 12a and baffle plate 14b, adopt several tangential blowing apparatus down resemble 12b.

In unshowned another modification structures, adopt the canyon device that resembles this class of 12b among Fig. 2 c usually, act on the fluid that flows around first quartile 10a and produce vacuum.Show that this modification structures can make the down wind surface with any and the device 14 of the various possible distressed structure that the fluid to surface flow of facining the wind separates combines.

Fig. 2 d represents another distressed structure of the present invention, according to this configuration, make down wind and device that the fluid to surface flow of facining the wind separates does not have baffle plate, only use blowing apparatus 14c down, it makes fluid blow out outside the hollow body 10 under tangent direction of body and the above-mentioned fluid flow direction with respect to mobile the locating of down wind generally in the four-quadrant effect.

Therefore, this cause the down wind streaming flow along the vacuum of section or differential pressure can adopt above-mentioned arbitrary device, particularly adopt the way acquisition of the aspirator 12a as Fig. 2 a and 2d.

Fig. 3 represents the characteristics of prior art, and wherein body 110 has thickly in axle XX' symmetrical circular section, specifically constitutes as shown in Figure 3.The section of body 110 has an elongated head 110a, and its thickness increases in the past backwards; The thickness of its afterbody 110b reduces in the past backwards.If e is the maximum width of section, the 1st, length or chord.Its ratio e/l is a bit larger tham 0.5 so, also can be taken between 0.5 and 1.00.

Way with this section, raising propulsive effort P is to make the axis of symmetry XX' of this section desire to ask the direction that obtains propulsive effort to become the elongated shape of a bevelled angle i section head that the body of fluid lift-off is postponed with respect to fluid flow direction, the area of infiltration area 54 is reduced as much as possible, and then the pumping power that needs is reduced.Fig. 3 show a kind of have as Fig. 2 infiltration area 54 and the device of baffle plate 14a, this formation can obtain propulsive effort P with the suction power consumption ratio the best.

In Fig. 3, be used for making two surfactant fluids 11 and the device 14 opened in 13 minutes is that a flat baffle plate 14a of rigidity that is arranged in lateral surface radially with respect to body 110 constitutes.Because coefficient Cz increases with baffle length, so the length of baffle plate 14a is at least R/2, is the radius of body 110 semicircle afterbody 110b up to R(R), there is no preceence greater than R.In other words, baffle plate 14a extends under the nadir of section as shown in Figure 3.It is said when this formation is positioned at mobile fluid of down wind and the position about body lift-off place to the infiltration area advantageous particularly when promptly close afterbody 110b begins part on the down wind surface shown in Fig. 3.This position is between OX axle 65 degree and 150 degree (the 0th, the center of circle that shell 110 sections are established, angle is measured in the direction of the clock).Infiltration area 54 as shown in Figure 3 in addition can be reduced to 45 the degree the β angles, the line of centers at β angle from the OX axle about 110 the degree, so the infiltration area from distance OX axle 85 spend to 130 the degree.In other words, the scope of infiltration area 54 from the head the limit counted chord 60% and 90% between.

The penetration degree of infiltration area 54 fluid flow (being porosity) needn't be identical always, but can regulate, preferably be chosen between 20% to 30%.Can there be two or more zones that separate infiltration area 54 in above-mentioned angular range, it is said to be favourable under limited suction flow rate situation.The internal pressure that will produce in body 10 or 110 is that external pressure deducts and passes after infiltration area 54 and other flow losses low numerical value like that at least.For saving in energy, pumping power is only limited to the power that the suction fluid boundary layer needs.

Baffle plate 14a preferably with respect to the OX' axle tilt (be positioned at infiltration area 54 to measuring, i.e. windward side).As between 35 and 45 degree, can obtain high coefficient Cz value with respect to the inclination angle of OX'; As between 15 and 25 degree, then can improve lift coefficient Cz and drag coefficient Cx maximum ratio.Mono-baffle plate 14a is best, and it is movable to make as described as follows, and the direction that applies propulsive effort according to hope makes it can be from a side of XX' axle through opposite side.

More than can adopt the shape of Fig. 3 alone or in combination with the various suction schemes of figure explanation.Fig. 4 a is the example of the other suction scheme that can adopt to 4b, according to hope obtain propulsive effort direction they both can produce vacuum or pressure drop at quadrant 10a or four-quadrant 10d.These schemes can prevent fluid or the body surface afterbody separation of boundary layer that the down wind that approaches flows.Thereby play the effect of restriction turbulent flow.

For this reason, Fig. 4 a and 4b represent that body 10 can comprise fluid penetrable shell 101 and impermeable shell 102, and the latter has a kerf 16 along its circumference, and kerf width defines the infiltration area angle beta (referring to Fig. 2 a).In the embodiment of Fig. 4 a, permeable shell 101 is configured in the outside of impermeable shell 102, but opposite in Fig. 4 b.Permeable shell 101 can be wall with holes or net, grid, slit etc.β angle, infiltration area is at first quartile, but also may extend into second quadrant, reaches the wide of 25 degree approximately.If propulsive effort is when reverse, this situation just conversely, the infiltration area might extend to third quadrant at four-quadrant.For this purpose, fluid impermeable shell 102 is made orientable so that otch 16 can be moved into four-quadrant from first quartile.

The modification structures of Fig. 4 C is the improvement of Fig. 4 a and 4b structure, can regulate the β angle in operating process.For this reason, in fact fluid impermeable shell 102 is made up of 103 and 104 two shells, and wherein at least one is orientable.Therefore, if 103 pairs of XX' rotational symmetry then just can change the width of otch 16 and otch is moved on to the body bottom from body top (seeing figure) as scheming mobile shell 104 shown in last 116, perhaps opposite.

The distressed structure of Fig. 4 d just can be in single job the infiltration area and the baffle plate of adjusting work simultaneously.By this form, hollow body 10 comprises a fixing inner casing 105(except that infiltration area 54 and 54', and it is impervious) and orientable, impermeable shell 106, the latter can move to hide infiltration area 54 or 54' as a cover plate or valve.

According to unshowned a kind of modification structures, the lock formula can be made in the infiltration area on body 10 shells, and opening side within the body 10.

If propulsive effort wants oppositely (when fluid flows change of direction) will exchange the quadrant position in baffle plate 14 and district with holes 54 so.Fig. 5 a and Fig. 5 b represent two kinds of modification structures of baffle plate, all can be used in Fig. 3 device with reach baffle plate 14 first and four-quadrant between the purpose put upside down.Shown in Fig. 5 a,, be arranged in XX' axle both sides symmetrically according to the inventive system comprises two radial flat retaining cangue 4a and 14b.Just as can be seen, baffle plate 14a, 14b all can be withdrawn into respectively among radial gap 18a, the 18b, so that in the body 10 of withdrawing fully.Specifically, when one of them stretched out as baffle plate 14a and 14b, another baffle plate is withdrawal just; Vice versa.This helps propulsive effort P reverse.

Fig. 5 b represents the another kind of version of baffle plate, and as the modification structures of front, two baffle plate 24a, 24b arrange with respect to the XX' rotational symmetry.Each baffle plate is positioned on the body 10 rotationally along the bus 20 of body 10.It just can forward to downwards above the body 10 like this.Baffle plate has a flat or crooked shape inwardly, and is identical with the section of body 10, and unlikely prevention fluid stream encloses body 10 and flows.In Fig. 5 a structure, a baffle plate 24b is poured on the body 10, and another piece 24a is in running state, and perhaps opposite, the direction that applies propelling thrust with hope is consistent.

Fig. 5 c represents another modification structures, have a flat radial baffle plate 34a to be positioned on the body 10, it can move around the axle of body 10, so it can be adjusted aspect angle, and can the 4th and first quartile between move, consistent with the direction that applies propulsive effort.

Can adopt other baffle arrangement.Particularly the baffle plate of two expansions alternately expands with respect to XX' rotational symmetry location, and the direction of setting up propulsive effort with this device is consistent.

Standard radially or the downward blowing apparatus 14b(Fig. 2 b in footpath), it acts on as if down wind and the baffle plate between liquid of facining the wind when quickening down wind surface flow fluid.Standard tangentially or is tangentially descended blowing apparatus 12b, 14c(Fig. 2 c and 2d) make owing to the friction thin fluid stream suction of degradedness body 10 walls, and make because inductive effect causes other fluid fluid layers to suck.

Modification structures Fig. 5 c can be used for Fig. 4 d, as shown in Figure 6.The same Fig. 3 of the shape of body 10 has a semicircle afterbody 110b herein, and its circular elongated head 110a as shown in Figure 3.Infiltration area 54,54a makes on body 10, be symmetrical in the XX' axle, position and size front have explanation, be equipped with a circular-arc shell in body 10 outsides or valve 106(sees Fig. 4 d), can move to regulate the angular range of an infiltration area 54 or 54a, block another infiltration area this moment, shown in Fig. 4 c and 4d.So baffle plate 14a is positioned on the center of valve 106 arcs, can move simultaneously.Like this, if with 106 and the 14a assembly move on to first quartile or opposite from four-quadrant, just can change the direction of propulsive effort.

Fig. 7 represents to be used for another section 210 of said structure.In this case, head 210a is a half elliptic, smoothly links to each other (as Fig. 6) with semi-round afterbody 210b, and the diameter of semicircle equals oval short diameter.In this example, oval beam length ratio is about 0.5, and promptly oval diameter is about 0.5 times of long diameter, so the total-width ratio of section is about 0.66.

In Fig. 6, the infiltration area 54, the 54a that have two symmetries to arrange.These area divisions between distance OX axle 85 degree and 130 degree, porosity 20% and 50%, optimum value is about 30% to 40%.Baffle plate 14a is loaded on the valve 206 of circular arc, and this valve can be regulated so that select the quadrant of baffle plate 14a and set up its inclination angle, can also block the N/R infiltration area, and the infiltration area of will working moves to 54a from 54, and is perhaps opposite.

Fig. 8 represents to have found that according to the section 310 after the present invention's improvement this section has improved 20% with respect to the form among effective driving force ratio Fig. 7 of expenditure of energy.By this form, section 310 also is to be symmetrical in the XX' axle, and it is circular arc AB that its afterbody 310b has only part.The part (greater than half ellipse) that the remainder of afterbody 310b and whole head 310a are preferably oval, AB smoothly links to each other with circular arc.Best form is that circular arc AB is symmetrical in the OX' axle, is 90 degree facing to center O.Center O and head 310a distance between two tips account for 74% of total length profile, and the radius of circular arc is 26% of a length profile.It is that 0.66 ellipse draws that this section can be thought by a long diameter ratio of weak point, but connects one section 90 degree circular arc in elliptic end.Baffle plate 14a is positioned at from OX' axle 35 degree places.Valve 306 can be above-mentioned circular arc, provides suitable conventional seals when needing between it and body 310.Also the shape of valve can be made consistently with its section of laying part, promptly be ellipse arc but not circular arc.Other valve design also can be adopted.

The layout of Fig. 8 also has the advantage that reduces the infiltration area.Porosity for about 45%, the scope of infiltration area (on being projected in the XX' axle time) is counted by head is most advanced and sophisticated, from accounting for 75% to 91% of length profile.And in Fig. 7, the range distance tip of infiltration area is about 63% to 88% length profile.The less further pumping equipment that reduced in infiltration area reduces the required power of body internal pressure, thereby has saved expenditure of energy.

Advantage of the present invention is more apparent from Fig. 9, and Fig. 9 is the Cz and the C of some devices _ARelation curve, all results all obtain than the coefficient that is about 6 according to long-chord.Obviously, curve is steep more, and to make Cz increase institute's income that obtains just big more by increasing expenditure of energy.In fact, should be too not big in order to make consumption on ventilating set, carry out the power of pumped down, energy coefficient C _AShould not surpass 0.2.In addition, it is not have what practical value with respect to cost and available interests that Cz is lower than 5, so the useful zone of C is between 0.1 and 0.2.

Curve 1 is based on the test results of operation Magnus effect rotor arrangement (no end plate) among Fig. 9.As seen from the figure, in the useful scope of expenditure of energy, lift coefficient Cz is between 4 and about 5.1.

Curve 2 expressions similarly suck cylinder for one and obtain accordingly result, C _AThe Cz value that value produces when big is bigger than Magnus device, but is not so good as the Magnus effect device in useful scope internal efficiency, and Cz is between 2 and 4.But, the curve 3 of Fig. 7 device experiment for cooresponding permission expenditure of energy but have bigger useful value Cz(from about 4.5 to connecing 6).

As seen comparison curve 2 and 3 is compared with the circle section, and the section with elongate head can reduce the required suction energy consumption of generation propulsive effort.So, under the situation that wind promotes, if the inclination angle between wind direction and the body 10 section axis of symmetry XX' is spent to 35 degree near 30, compare for the body of circular cross section with the complete of same projection face area, the suction energy consumption that is used to pass when infiltration area 54 reaches Cz=5 on the rigid cylinder shell 50 approximately can reduce half.

The illustrational the present invention's of Fig. 8 performance is represented with curve among Fig. 94, compares for certain C with other devices, and the Cz of acquisition increases greatly, in other words for certain Cz, the required energy of ventilating set significantly reduces, and is obtaining under the similar propulsive effort situation, reduces energy than Fig. 7 form and reaches 20%.

Much less, Fig. 2 a is to 2d, and 4a all can be used for the profile type of Fig. 8 to the various different structures of 5c to 4c and 5a.

Certainly, the structure of Fig. 3, Fig. 6 and Fig. 7 device and purposes are fit to improved Fig. 8 form too, these several structures are just Fig. 2 a-2d, 3a-3d, 4a-4d, 5a-5b, 6a-6b, 8a-8e, 9a-9c and 10-15 in aforesaid French Patent (FRP) is used all, and does explanation in the wherein said distressed structure.

As above-mentioned, both can be used for the motion of controlled motion body according to this device of the present invention, for example boats and ships can be used for produce power again, especially drive alternating current generator and produce electric energy or electric power.The some devices that constitute according to the present invention can be used in combination.

Obviously, use this when device, provide probe wind to or the equipment of other flow directions be favourable.Itself can handle servo-control unit by known way these detecting devicess, automatically makes XX' axle orientation according to the given inclination angle i for wind direction.

Using of the present invention these installs when producing energy, some kinds of devices of narrating intuitively can be in wind or other fluids horizontal or vertical laying mutually, form a C/LOOP, and these devices move around attachment point under wind effect along this loop, so that drive generator for electricity generation.Also can be with the blade of present device as horizontal shaft type, twayblade or leafy chip wind-driven generator, device is resembled rotate around axle the blade, direct drive electrical generator or pump, and spinning force is from the propulsive effort on the hand of rotation.In this case, because the rotation of baffle plate, the device that forms blade automatically rotates, and air is pumped to the inside under action of centrifugal force, carries towards end on every side.Consider that the propulsive effort that produces with such device is big, this wind-driven generator with discrete-component can obtain with common mutliblade wind-driven generator similar effects obviously.Point out that at last the device of making according to the present invention also can be used for replacing common blade or rotating blade or most of dissimilar propulsion equipment.

Certainly, the concrete device that illustrates as an example above the invention is not restricted in fact the present invention includes the various modification structures that produce therefrom.Therefore, this section can change from the beginning to the end.Equally, the position of equipment pumping equipment, blowing apparatus and baffle plate can be different, and from the beginning to the end can classification on body.For this reason, body can be divided into many sections, and each section all can be independently directed.The also available flexible material of baffle plate is made, and can be contained on the body on the diverse location from the beginning to the end.

Claims (39)

1, a kind of fluid that places first direction motion can make it produce hydrokinetic device with the transversal second direction of first direction basically, and this device comprises:

Its cross-sectional plane axis of symmetry becomes the arc elongated hollow body at an inclination angle with respect to first direction, the cross-sectional plane of this body is limited by the elongated front portion of its arc and the afterbody of arc, anterior thickness increases from front to back, afterbody thickness reduces from front to back, the maximum ga(u)ge of this section serve as reasons its axis of symmetry determine length 50% to 100% between

There is axle to inhale the district on the both side surface of hollow body with respect to axis of symmetry,

Be furnished with the fluid that the body section is produced in the hydrokinetic rear side area suction district and be drawn into the interior equipment of this hollow body, with respect to the opposite side that produces the dynaflow side surface the outstanding distributing damper of relative body is arranged at the section afterbody with the control boundary-layer,

Feature of the present invention is:

It is oval that the cross-sectional plane of body head is essentially, and its tail shape is essentially smooth connection of remainder of circle with the body of quadrntnt arc,

Baffle plate places on the movably impermeable shell, and one of them of this suction district can be by the impermeable shell that is equipped with above-mentioned baffle plate, and orientation covers in.

2, according to the described device of claim 1, it is characterized in that above-mentioned afterbody circular arc is symmetrical in axis of symmetry, the angle that faces toward center of curvature is about 90 °.

3, according to the described device of claim 1, it is characterized in that above-mentioned baffle length be above-mentioned afterbody radius of curvature 0.5-1.0 doubly.

4, according to claim 1 or 3 described devices, the inclination angle that it is characterized in that this device axis of symmetry convection cell direction is greater than 30 degree.

5,, it is characterized in that above-mentioned inclination angle is 30 to 35 degree according to the device of claim 4.

6,, it is characterized in that above-mentioned baffle plate reaches 45 degree with respect to the angle of above-mentioned axis of symmetry according to claim 1 or 3 described devices.

7,, it is characterized in that above-mentioned baffle plate angle is 35 to 45 degree according to the described device of claim 6.

8,, it is characterized in that the elongate head of its body has contractile parts at least according to the described device of claim 1.

9,, it is characterized in that its body comprises the contraction flow volute casing of rigidity, cylindrical outer casing and a head of at least one afterbody according to the described device of claim 8.

10,, it is characterized in that above-mentioned aerodynamic housing comprises an inflatable shell that is contained on the cylindrical outer casing outside according to the described device of claim 9.

11,, it is characterized in that its shell comprises one deck flexible wall, and have equipment that compressed gas is introduced in the volume of above-mentioned wall and the qualification of above-mentioned cylindrical outer casing according to the described device of claim 10.

12,, it is characterized in that its shell comprises a bilayer, flexible and preformed wall, and have equipment that compressed gas is introduced in the volume of above-mentioned double wall qualification according to the described device of claim 10.

13, according to the described device of claim 9, it is characterized in that its aerodynamic housing comprises a rigidity hoop that the circular arc cross-sectional plane is arranged, arrange with respect to above-mentioned axis of symmetry symmetry on the outside face of above-mentioned cylindrical outer casing, and there are two dividing plates that the rigidity hoop is linked to each other with cylindrical outer casing, there is equipment between control position and punctured position, to move this rigidity hoop there according to the direction of axis of symmetry, at control position rigidity hoop away from cylindrical outer casing, at punctured position rigidity hoop near cylindrical outer casing.

14, according to the described device of claim 13, it is characterized in that above-mentioned each piece dividing plate comprises the individual layer flexible wall, there is equipment that compressed gas is introduced in the volume between above-mentioned tubular skin, rigidity hoop and the flexible wall there.

15, according to the described device of claim 13, it is characterized in that above-mentioned each piece dividing plate comprises a flexible and preformed double-walled, there is equipment that compressed gas is introduced in the volume of double-walled qualification there.

16, according to the described device of claim 9, it is characterized in that above-mentioned aerodynamic housing has at least a flexible bird to chew the surface of shape protrusion at cylindrical outer casing, be between first upholder (be parallel to the axis of symmetry of above-mentioned cylindrical outer casing substantially and pass above-mentioned axis of symmetry) and second upholder (being parallel to first upholder substantially).Protrusion is positioned at first side of section, has with a certain distance from cylindrical outer casing, and therefore, flexible bird chews the head edge that the shape protrusion defines the body section, and to the cylindrical outer casing effect that gaps.

17, according to the described device of claim 16, it is characterized in that above-mentioned second upholder is removable to opposite side from section one side with respect to above-mentioned axis of symmetry, bearing capacity must produce in this side.

18,, it is characterized in that providing equipment to chew the shape protrusion, so that change the surface of protrusion to move flexible bird with respect at least one above-mentioned upholder according to the described device of claim 16.

19, according to the described device of claim 16, it is characterized in that above-mentioned aerodynamic housing comprises that two flexible birds chew the shape protrusion, with respect to the axis of symmetry symmetric offset spread between first upholder and two second upholders, and arrange with respect to above-mentioned axis of symmetry two title.

20, according to the described device of claim 18, it is characterized in that above-mentioned aerodynamic housing comprises that the rigidity bird of two circular arc cross-sectional planes chews the shape protrusion, be arranged in the both sides of above-mentioned section, be symmetrical in above-mentioned axle, be in the outside of rigidity cylindrical outer casing, be equipped with equipment according to the direction that is parallel to above-mentioned axis of symmetry, protrusion away from the operating position of cylindrical outer casing and protrusion near between the punctured position of cylindrical outer casing, alternately move each rigidity bird and chew the shape protrusion.Above-mentioned equipment effect is to make rigidity bird on above-mentioned section first side chew the shape protrusion to enter operating position, makes another rigidity bird chew the shape protrusion and enters punctured position.

21, according to the described device of claim 1, it is characterized in that body comprises two coaxial housing parts at least, one of them housing parts convection cell is impervious, orientable and has an otch that limits the segmentation of suction district at least, and another housing parts convection cell is permeable.

22, according to the described device of claim 21, it is characterized in that body comprises the housing parts of two fluid impermeable, two parts all can be independently directed, so that regulate the width of above-mentioned otch.

23, according to the described device of claim 21, it is characterized in that body comprises an impermeable housing parts that limits two infiltration suction districts, these two infiltration suction districts are symmetrical in the axle of section; Body also comprises orientable a, circular arc, impervious housing parts, and this housing parts is covered one or another suction district.

24, according to the described device of claim 1, it is characterized in that body has an impermeable housing parts that flashboard is housed at least, flashboard is opened inwardly, to limit the suction district.

25, according to the described device of claim 1, it is characterized in that it comprises that two rigid baffles, each piece all can move relative to body, in order that can be in the off position that does not change the body section, above-mentioned two baffle plates are with respect to the symmetrical location of section axis of symmetry, therefore, when one when outstanding with respect to body, another piece is in off position; Vice versa, adapts with a side that produces above-mentioned power.

26, according to the described device of claim 25, it is characterized in that its baffle plate is actually flat and with respect to the radial location of body, so their parallel slipping in the slit that forms on the body with regard to regracting.

27, according to the described device of claim 1, it is characterized in that it comprises two expandable baffle plates, arrange with respect to the axis of symmetry symmetry of section, another piece expands when a baffle plate shrinks, and is perhaps opposite, adapts with a side that must produce bearing capacity.

28, according to the described device of claim 1, it is characterized in that it comprises that comes down to a flat rigid baffle, arrange radially that above-mentioned baffle plate is at the afterbody of section with respect to body, can move by side to opposite side from one of section, adapt with a side that produces above-mentioned power.

29,, it is characterized in that above-mentioned baffle plate can change to be poured on above the body, so that select the section of body for use according to the described device of claim 2.

30,, it is characterized in that disk being housed at each end of body according to the described device of claim 1.

31,, it is characterized in that each disk all forms one with body, and an equipment arranged that this equipment is in certain zone of section first side, at least at the afterbody of section, in fluid suction body near on the surface of body according to the described device of claim 30.

32, according to the described device of claim 30, it is characterized in that at least one ventilating set is loaded in the body, near at least one end of body, the axle of ventilating set is parallel with the longitudinal axis of body, purpose is that fluid is passed through in the suction zone suction body, and this fluid is blown to the outside by end disc.

33,, it is characterized in that above-mentioned ventilating set blows at least one circular arc opening on the respective circular disks circumference with fluid according to the described device of claim 32.

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