CN85103481B - 苧麻细菌化学联合脱胶技术 - Google Patents

苧麻细菌化学联合脱胶技术 Download PDF

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CN85103481B
CN85103481B CN85103481A CN85103481A CN85103481B CN 85103481 B CN85103481 B CN 85103481B CN 85103481 A CN85103481 A CN 85103481A CN 85103481 A CN85103481 A CN 85103481A CN 85103481 B CN85103481 B CN 85103481B
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degumming
technology
bacterium
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ramie
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CN85103481A (zh
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孙庆祥
秦翠颜
郭有铭
王敏棠
金宪章
徐道恩
刘戚
陈灿辉
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Yiyang Ramie Textile Printing And Dyeing Plant
Institute of Bast Fiber Crops of CAAS
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Yiyang Ramie Textile Printing And Dyeing Plant
Institute of Bast Fiber Crops of CAAS
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Abstract

苧麻细菌化学联合脱胶技术。本发明属于苧麻纺织工业中的一种生物化学脱胶技术。该技术包括脱胶菌种的培养、配液、加菌脱胶以及后处理工艺,脱胶菌种为T66。该技术可适应不同产地不同等级的原麻加工,具有良好的稳定性、脱胶制成率、精干麻正品率、梳成率均比常规化学脱胶的高。还可使废水污染程度减轻60%,每吨精干麻减少废水处理费50元。

Description

**麻细菌化学联合脱胶技术
本发明属于苧麻纺织工业中的一种生物化学脱胶技术。
苧麻脱胶是苧麻纺织厂一项特有的加工工艺,历来采用以烧碱煮炼为中心的化学方法加工,该法存在许多缺点,如耗用大量化工原料和能源,成本高,废水污染严重等。在利用微生物进行脱胶方面,日本滕重升永用制取的Doricerase酶制剂处理30克苧麻,反应7小时后再用稀碱液处理,获得纯净的苧麻纤维(日本专利公报1976~149976)。印度曾分离得到四种细菌混合培养物,在三角瓶中进行了实验,脱胶时间为5-9天(Paul,N·B·J·text·Inst1979,№12),我国从五十年代后期到七十年代相继有上海工业微生物所、湖南轻工研究所、湖南师范学院、株洲苧麻纺织厂等单位开展了酶法脱胶研究工作,但因菌种酶活力不高,培养基用量很大,成本高,至今未达到实用水平。关于麻微生物脱胶的研究,目前国内外还处在实验室研究阶段,暂没有哪一个国家研究成功用于生产。
本发明就如何降低成本,减少污染,又能得到满足苧麻纺织用的纤维进行的一整套细菌化学联合脱胶技术,克服了苧麻化学脱胶中的缺点,并能用于生产。
本发明包括脱胶菌种的培养、配液、加菌脱胶以及后处理工艺,对脱胶起主要作用的菌种T66是中国农业科学院麻类研究所自塘泥中分离到一株脱胶能力强的细菌,编号为T28,用这株菌进行硫酸二乙酯化学诱变得到的一个突变株,经鉴定为枯草芽杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)T66〉斜面和茄形瓶培养用马铃薯葡萄糖琼脂培养基,温度40-44℃,时间14-16小时,种子罐培养用豆饼无机盐培养基,控制温度40-42℃,风量1∶0.7-1.3,罐压0.3-0.7公斤/厘米2,时间9-12小时,培养后菌体粗壮、密集、无芽。
配液:按1∶10浴比加普通自来水于发酵桶内,调温40-44℃,再加0.01-1%的三聚磷酸钠。
加菌脱胶:细菌脱胶设备见附图2,按每100斤麻加T66菌液10-20斤接种,保温40-42℃,通入净化空气的风量1∶0.45,桶内压力0.5公斤/厘米2,发酵10-14小时,工艺流程见附图1。
后处理工艺:原麻经细菌发酵后,可任选下述一种工艺进行后处理。第一种工艺:水洗→精炼→拷麻→联合机→脱水→渍油→脱水→烘干。工艺参数∶精炼∶烧碱5%,三聚磷酸钠0.5至2%,浴比1∶10,蒸汽压力2公斤/厘米2,煮1.5小时,拷麻:适度,漂白浓度1-1.2克/升,过酸浓度1.5-1.8克/升,其余参数同常规化学脱胶。第二种工艺:脱水→装笼→精炼→拷麻→联合机→脱水→渍油→脱水→烘干。工艺参数,精炼:烧碱5%,三聚磷酸钠0.5-2%,浴比1∶12,蒸汽压力2公斤/厘米,煮2小时,其余参数同常规化学脱胶。
本细菌化学联合脱胶技术,可以适应不同产地不同等级的原麻加工,具有良好的稳定性,脱胶制成率稳定在69%左右,精干麻正品率平均达90%以上,梳成率比常规化学脱胶高出2-3%,其余各项指标均能满足麻纺工艺要求,采用该工艺,每加工一吨精干麻成本降低311-425元,把一吨精干麻制成精梳麻条,可多盈利821至941元,利润可提高124-147%,减少烧碱用量101-114公斤、硫酸22公斤,水玻璃68公斤,总能耗降低9.9-10.7%。采用该技术后,废水污染程度减轻60%左右,每吨精干麻减少污水处理费约50元。
附图说明:
图1.工艺流程图
1、T66斜面培养 2、茄形瓶培养
3、种子罐培养 4、原麻扎把
5、装笼 6、加菌脱胶
7、配液 8、后处理
图2.发酵桶
1、净化空气管 2、发酵桶盖
3、气压表 4、排气阀
5、螺栓 6、温度计导筒
7、麻笼 8、发酵桶
9、保温夹层 10、保温层排水管
11、发酵桶排水管 12、分气孔
13、分气管 14、发酵桶支脚
15、夹层蒸汽管
实施例:
本发明共进行了68次批量为180-200公斤原麻的条件试验和综合稳定性试验,共用原麻1328吨,研究成细菌化学联合脱胶技术,供生产应用。
实例1:
用T66试管斜面14-16小时/42℃茄形瓶14-16小时/42℃
种子罐培养,培养10小时出罐,按100斤麻加10-20斤菌液的量倒入发酵桶内,通气发酵12小时,脱胶结束,排出废液,水洗以5%烧碱,0.5-2%三聚磷酸钠进行精炼,蒸汽压力2公斤/厘米2,煮1.5小时,拷麻,过联合机,漂白浓度1-1.2克/升,过酸浓度1.5至1.8克/升,脱水、渍油(乳化油1.4%,肥皂0.8%,浴比1∶8,80-85℃,3小时)再脱水、烘干。
实例2:
菌的培养和加菌脱胶同实例1,细菌脱胶后排出废液,脱水,重新装笼、精炼,(工艺参数同实例1,煮2小时)拷麻,过联合机,漂白浓度0.8±0.2克/升,过酸浓度1.6±0.2克/升,脱水、渍油(工艺参数同实例1,浴比1∶10,90℃以上,1.5小时),再脱水、烘干。

Claims (2)

1、一种苧麻细菌化学联合脱胶技术,包括脱胶菌种T66(Bacillus subtilis)的培养、配液、加菌脱胶和后处理工艺,其特征在于:a)。加菌脱胶是按每100斤麻加10-20斤菌液进行的,其工艺参数为:保温40-42℃,通入净化空气的风量1∶0.45,桶内压力0.5公斤/厘米2,发酵时间10~14小时;b)。加菌脱胶配液为:按1∶10浴比加普通自来水于发酵桶内,调温40-44℃,再加0.01-1.0%的三聚磷酸钠。
2、按权利要求1所述的一种苎麻细菌化学联合脱胶技术,其脱胶菌种T66(Bacillus subtilis)的扩大培养特征是:种子罐培养的温度为40-42℃,风量1∶0.7-1.3,罐压0.3-0.7公斤/厘米2,时间9-12小时。
CN85103481A 1985-04-29 1985-04-29 苧麻细菌化学联合脱胶技术 Expired CN85103481B (zh)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9206544B2 (en) 2014-02-25 2015-12-08 Wuhan Textile University Chain, continuous and no-waste method for degumming and fiber-separating the ramie

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101560698B (zh) * 2008-04-15 2011-09-28 江西恩达家纺有限公司 麻类生物脱胶装置

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9206544B2 (en) 2014-02-25 2015-12-08 Wuhan Textile University Chain, continuous and no-waste method for degumming and fiber-separating the ramie

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