CN85102705A - Voltage-frequency converter - Google Patents
Voltage-frequency converter Download PDFInfo
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- CN85102705A CN85102705A CN 85102705 CN85102705A CN85102705A CN 85102705 A CN85102705 A CN 85102705A CN 85102705 CN85102705 CN 85102705 CN 85102705 A CN85102705 A CN 85102705A CN 85102705 A CN85102705 A CN 85102705A
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Abstract
Voltage-frequency converter, it has an integrator that is made of differential amplifier, a level controllable pulse generator, an on-off controller and an accurate charge distributor.This precision charge distributor is by three switches, decides electrostatic capacitor for one, and one with reference to voltage-stabiliser tube, and charging resistor and negative supply are formed.After should decide electrostatic capacitor having put electricity, by above-mentioned charging resistor, integration is charged to above-mentioned finishing with reference to the breakdown levels of voltage-stabiliser tube and decides electric charge between the inverting input of above-mentioned differential amplifier and the above-mentioned negative supply.Than existing integration decide electric charge feedback restoring type voltage-frequency converter to decide the electric charge mode superior, improved precision, stability and the high frequency performance of converter.
Description
The analog voltage signal that the invention relates to electricity converts the improvement of the frequency to voltage converter circuit of frequency signal linearly to.
In various types of circuit as high-precision frequency to voltage converter, integration is decided the circuit of electric charge feedback-type (also claiming the charge balance type) and has been obtained good effect.The accuracy that above-mentioned integration is decided the frequency to voltage converter of electric charge feedback restoring type depends primarily on the accuracy and stability of deciding electric charge with stability, and the mode of deciding electric charge mainly contains two kinds, a kind of is that Fixed width degree constant current is decided electric charge, and another kind is that the electric capacity of the accurate charge distributor of appellation is decided voltage and decided electric charge.
The integration that electric charge decide in typical Fixed width degree, constant current is decided the schematic diagram that electric charge feeds back the restoring type frequency to voltage converter: Instruments ﹠amp; Control Systems in August, 1981 numbers 57 pages is shown in Figure 10.When input voltage is timing, produce the inverting input that an input current flows to integral amplifier, the output level of integral amplifier is descended, when it drops to a certain level, trigger the pulse that the chronometer time reference circuit produces a width τ, this pulse as the output of frequency to voltage converter, removes to control constant-current source circuit on the one hand on the other hand; During no pulse, the constant-current source that makes feedback by or the inverting input of the integral amplifier of not flowing through, have pulse tau during, make the constant-current source conducting of feedback or connect with the inverting input of integral amplifier; Absolute value of this feedback constant-current source electric current is greater than input current, and its direction is the inverting input of integral amplifier dorsad; Therefore, have pulse tau during, make the electrical level rising of integral amplifier output, when finishing during τ, the work of circuit returns to original state, repeats the above-mentioned course of work again.Because it is constant triggering the level of chronometer time reference circuit, in one-period T, the charging charge of integrating capacitor is equated with discharge charge.Charging charge:
Q
Fill 1=I
1T=(V
INThe T of)/(R) (1)
Discharge charge:
Q
Put 1=I
2τ (2)
Formula (1) equates with formula (2), and with T=1/ (f
1) the substitution simplification, can get:
f
1= 1/(RI
2τ) V
IN（3）
Typical electric capacity decide voltage and is decided the integration of electric charge and decide electric charge and feed back restoring type frequency to voltage converter such as United States Patent (USP) 3842371.Its principle is identical with foregoing circuit basically, just the electric charge of deciding of feedback is not to be decided by the electric current of feedback constant-current source and the pulse duration of this electric current of control, but decides by deciding the accurate charge distributor of electrostatic capacitor (claiming to restore electric capacity in this patent) with reference battery and two switch formations; Therefore its feedback current alters a great deal, and is the spike electric current of an electric capacity differential discharge.If the input input voltage is V
IN, input resistance is R, charging charge is the same with formula (1) in one-period T; If deciding the capacity of electrostatic capacitor is C, the voltage of reference battery is E, and the discharge charge in each cycle is:
Q
Put 2=CE (4)
Formula (1) equals formula (4) and uses T=(l)/(f
2) the substitution simplification, can get:
f
2＝ 1/(RCE) V
IN（5）
Find out by formula (3) and formula (5), make frequency to voltage converter obtain higher precision and stability, promptly require (l)/(RI of formula (3)
2τ) and 1/ (RCE) of formula (5) precise and stable.In side circuit, to obtain precise and stable I
2Want the many of difficulty with τ than obtaining precise and stable C and E; Yet, when deciding the frequency to voltage converter work of electric charge by CE, the electric current of feedback is that differentiated pulse forms, for the whole electric charges that will decide electrostatic capacitor in can be during the pulse duration of pulse shaper output have been put, just very big in the moment feedback current value that begins to discharge, may be greater than maximum output current as the differential amplifier of integrator, or/and make the rate of change of its output level be subjected to the restriction of the maximum output slew rate of differential amplifier, thereby precision, stability and the high frequency performance of this frequency to voltage converter have also been influenced.
The objective of the invention is to improve a kind of integration and decide electric charge feedback restoring type frequency to voltage converter circuit design.It has been drawn integration that Fixed width degree, constant current decide electric charge and has decided electric charge feedback restoring type and electric capacity and decide voltage and decide the integration of electric charge and decide the advantage that electric charge feeds back two kinds of frequency to voltage converters of restoring type, in other words, just overcome or alleviated the shortcoming of above-mentioned two kinds of pattern frequency to voltage converters, thereby can obtain all comparatively good frequency to voltage converter of precision, stability and high frequency performance.
Frequency to voltage converter of the present invention is that the integration that integrator, level controllable pulse generator, on-off controller and an accurate charge distributor that is made of differential amplifier constitutes is decided electric charge feedback restoring type frequency to voltage converter.The circuit of this precision charge distributor is decided electrostatic capacitor, one by three switches, one and is formed with reference to voltage-stabiliser tube, a charging resistor and a negative supply.
One of the 1st switch in above-mentioned three switches terminates at the inverting input of above-mentioned differential amplifier, and an end of its other end and the 2nd switch joins, the other end ground connection of the 2nd switch; The 3rd switch in addition be with in parallel with reference to voltage-stabiliser tube, the some ground connection that this switch and this voltage-stabiliser tube positive pole join, and another interface is connected to an above-mentioned negative supply by an above-mentioned charging resistor; The 1st switch and the 2nd switch interface and above-mentioned the 3rd switch with after above-mentioned voltage-stabiliser tube is in parallel and between the common interface of above-mentioned charging resistor, one of cross-over connection is above-mentioned decides electrostatic capacitor.
Fig. 1 is a circuit diagram of the present invention.Input 31 is connected to the inverting input 33 of differential amplifier 35, in-phase input end 50 ground connection of this amplifier 35 by resistance 32; The integral amplifier that connects an integration (or claiming feedback) electric capacity 34 between the output 46 of amplifier 35 and the inverting input 33 of amplifier 35 and constitute.The output 46 of above-mentioned amplifier 35 also links with the input of level controllable pulse generator 36; The output 37 of this pulse generator 36 is delivered to the input of on-off controller 38 again on the other hand on the one hand as the output of this converter, three switches 39,40 and 44 of on-off controller 38 controls.The inverting input 33 of switch 39 1 ends and amplifier 35 joins, the other end and an end of switch 40 are connected to a little 47 mutually, the other end ground connection of switch 40, one end of switch 44 is connected to 48 mutually with resistance 43, other end ground connection, and the other end 49 of resistance 43 meets one negative supply-V, also in parallel one with reference to voltage-stabiliser tube 42 between the two ends 48 and 45 of switch 44, voltage-stabiliser tube 42 is a negative pole at point 48, is anodal at point 45, the certain electrostatic capacitor 41 of cross-over connection between above-mentioned interface 47 and 48.
The course of work of Fig. 1 circuit is such, and when input 31 inputs one positive voltage signal, amplifier 35 outputs 46 integral output voltage slopes descend, and these amplifier 35 outputs 46 voltage fall off rates are proportional to the size of input voltage; When the voltage of amplifier 35 outputs 46 is higher than the input triggering level of level controllable pulse generator 36, the level of its output 37 outputs makes the output of on-off controller 38 go control switch 39 disconnections, switch 40 and 44 to connect, thereby the electric charge of electric capacity 41 has been put; When the level of the output 46 of amplifier 35 drops to the input triggering level that is lower than level controllable pulse generator 36, its output 37 output levels upset, and the output that makes on-off controller 38 goes control switch 39 to connect, switch 40 and 44 disconnects, and at this moment electric capacity 41 charges between the inverting input 33 of negative supply-V and amplifier 35 by actuating switch 39 and resistance 43.This charging current makes the electrical level rising of the integration output 46 of amplifier 35; Though at this moment output 46 level of amplifier 35 have risen to the input triggering level that is higher than level controllable pulse generator 36, but its output 37 is still exported a complete pulse by certain width, thereby has guaranteed that electric capacity 41 can be charged to till the puncture voltage of voltage stabilizing didoe 42; If the pulse of level controllable pulse generator 36 outputs after rolling, the level of the output 46 of amplifier 35 also is lower than the input triggering level of level controllable pulse generator 36, then repeat to export a pulse behind the certain interval of time again, till the level of the output 46 of amplifier 35 is higher than the input triggering level of level controllable pulse generator 36.
Fig. 2 is the groundwork waveform of frequency to voltage converter shown in Figure 1 when the constant positive voltage signal of input.A is the waveform of amplifier 35 outputs 46, B is the waveform (polarity of this impulse waveform also can be opposite) of level controllable pulse generator 36 outputs 37, C is an electric capacity 41 and the waveform of resistance 43, switch 44, voltage-stabiliser tube 42 public interfaces 48, and D is the current waveform that flows through the feedback current of switch 39.
Can show by the circuit of Fig. 1 and the waveform of Fig. 2, frequency to voltage converter circuit of the present invention, be that the integration that the voltage stabilizing value of deciding the capacitance of electrostatic capacitor 41 and voltage-stabiliser tube 42 is decided electric charge is decided electric charge feedback restoring type frequency to voltage converter, its feedback current be electric capacity 41 by resistance 43 in the inverting input 33 of amplifier 35 and the integration charging current between negative supply-V, the maximum of this electric current is that the potential difference between amplifier 35 inverting inputs 33 and the negative supply-V is removed by the resistance of resistance 43 and decided.Therefore, the present invention has adopted electric capacity to decide voltage accuracy and stability all to decide the electric charge mode than higher, and prevented excessive feedback current, thereby improved the performance that existing integration is decided electric charge feedback restoring type frequency to voltage converter, constituted all better frequency to voltage converter of precision, stability and high frequency performance.
Level controllable pulse generator 36 among Fig. 1 and on-off controller 38 can constitute with various discrete devices, integrated circuit and resistance, capacitance component.
Fig. 3 is an example that constitutes level controllable pulse generator 36 with separating component.By the multi resonant square-wave oscillator that triode 65,71 resistance 64,67,68,70 and electric capacity 66,69 constitute, under ground level and positive supply+V electric power thus supplied, work; Formed the control of the level of above-mentioned multi resonant square-wave oscillator by diode 61 resistance 62 and triode 63; Terminal 60 is inputs, should be connected to the output point 46 of the amplifier 35 among Fig. 1; Terminal 72 is outputs, should be connected to the point of 37 among Fig. 1.
Switch 39,40 and 44 among Fig. 1, what draw is switch with mechanical contact, and great majority all are electronic switches in side circuit, and they can be made up of various diodes, triode, field effect transistor and integrated circuit.Wherein the also available change over switch of switch 39 and 40 (being single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT)) replaces.
Voltage-stabiliser tube 42 among Fig. 1, voltage stabilizing didoe normally, also available other can pour into electric current and its both positive and negative polarity can short circuit any voltage-stabilizing device or other voltage stabilizing circuit replace.
Charging resistor 43 among Fig. 1, an available constant-current source device or circuit replace.
Fig. 1 mid point 45 also can be connected on other suitable stable level, and the absolute value that at this moment requires the level of power supply-V that resistance 43 connects will be defeated by above-mentioned suitable stable level is greater than the puncture voltage of voltage-stabiliser tube 42.At this moment, power supply-V is negative supply not necessarily also, and it can be a zero level, or even positive supply.
The earth terminal of the switch 40 among Fig. 1 also can be received a certain needs and suitable level place.
The in-phase input end 50 of the amplifier 35 among Fig. 1 also can be earth-free, and receive a certain suitable level place, thereby change the work zero point of this frequency to voltage converter.
In Fig. 1, the connection polarity of upset voltage-stabiliser tube 42, changing the resistance 43 negative supply-V that connects is positive supply, and the input low level of level controllable pulse generator 36 triggered become high level and trigger, the frequency to voltage converter that just will import positive voltage signal has become has imported negative voltage signal.
With resistance 22 short circuits of Fig. 1, directly current signal is input to the inverting input 33 of amplifier 35, just constituted current-frequency converter.
Frequency to voltage converter circuit of the present invention, deciding electric charge and capacitance voltage with existing Fixed width degree constant-current source decides two types integration of electric charge and decides the circuit of electric charge restoring type frequency to voltage converter and compare, adopted the electric capacity that obtains high accuracy and high stability easily to decide the mode that voltage is decided electric charge, and prevented excessive feedback current, it is the advantage of having drawn above-mentioned two types of frequency to voltage converters, overcome or alleviated their shortcoming, and improved the service behaviour of precision, stability and the high frequency of conversion.
The description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is an enforcement circuit of the present invention.Fig. 2 is the groundwork oscillogram of Fig. 1.Fig. 3 is a concrete circuit example of implementing of level controllable pulse generator in Fig. 1 circuit.
Among Fig. 1 35 is differential operational amplifiers, the 31,33, the 50th, and input, the 46, the 37th, output, the 32, the 43rd, resistance, 34, the 41st, electric capacity, the 39,40, the 44th, switch, the 42nd, voltage stabilizing didoe, 49 connect-V is a negative supply, the 36th, level controllable pulse generator, the 38th, on-off controller.
A among Fig. 2 is 46 a waveform among Fig. 1, and B is 37 a waveform among Fig. 1, and C is 48 a waveform among Fig. 1, and D is the current waveform that flows through the feedback current of switch 39 among Fig. 1.
Among Fig. 3 60 is inputs, the 72nd, and output, 62,64,67,68,70th, resistance, 63,65,71st, NPN triode, 66,69th, electric capacity.
Claims (7)
1, the integration that constitutes of integrator, level controllable pulse generator, on-off controller and accurate charge distributor that is made of differential amplifier is decided electric charge feedback restoring type frequency to voltage converter, and the circuit that the invention is characterized in designed accurate charge distributor is decided electrostatic capacitor, one by three switches, one and formed with reference to voltage-stabiliser tube, a charging resistor and a negative supply.
2, according to three switches in the claim 1 described accurate charge distributor circuit, one of the 1st switch wherein terminates at the inverting input of above-mentioned differential amplifier, and an end of its other end and the 2nd switch joins, the other end ground connection of the 2nd switch; The 3rd switch in addition be with in parallel with reference to voltage-stabiliser tube, the some ground connection that this switch and this voltage-stabiliser tube positive pole join, and another interface is connected to an above-mentioned negative supply by an above-mentioned charging resistor; The 1st switch and the 2nd switch interface and above-mentioned the 3rd switch be with after above-mentioned voltage-stabiliser tube is in parallel and between the common interface of above-mentioned charging resistor, and one of cross-over connection is above-mentioned decides electrostatic capacitor.
3, according to the level controllable pulse generator of claim 1 described frequency to voltage converter, be to be connected on the integral amplifier back, on-off controller is the back that is connected on level controllable pulse generator, when integrator output level as yet during triggering level controllable pulse generator output pulse, on-off controller makes above-mentioned the 1st switch disconnect the 2nd and the 3rd switch connection; When integrator output level triggering level controllable pulse generator output pulse, on-off controller makes the 1st switch connection, the 2nd and the 3rd switch disconnection.
4, according to three switches in claim 1, the 2 described accurate charge distributors, generally be electronic switch, can constitute, also switch with mechanical contact by various diodes, triode, field effect transistor and integrated circuit.
5, according to the reference voltage-stabiliser tube in claim 1, the 2 described accurate charge distributor circuit, voltage stabilizing didoe normally, also available other can pour into electric current, and any voltage-stabilizing device or other voltage stabilizing circuit that its both positive and negative polarity can short circuit replace.
6, according to a charging resistor in claim 1, the 2 described accurate charge distributors, also available constant-current source device or circuit replace.
7,, also can meet other suitable level place according to the earth point of claim 2 described the 2nd switches; The 3rd switch with also can meet other suitable level place with reference to voltage-stabiliser tube earth terminal in parallel.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 85102705 CN85102705A (en) | 1985-04-01 | 1985-04-01 | Voltage-frequency converter |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 85102705 CN85102705A (en) | 1985-04-01 | 1985-04-01 | Voltage-frequency converter |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN85102705A true CN85102705A (en) | 1986-09-17 |
Family
ID=4792698
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 85102705 Pending CN85102705A (en) | 1985-04-01 | 1985-04-01 | Voltage-frequency converter |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN85102705A (en) |
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100443904C (en) * | 2003-04-28 | 2008-12-17 | 浜松光子学株式会社 | I/F conversion device and photo-detection device |
| CN1985157B (en) * | 2004-07-12 | 2010-07-14 | 浜松光子学株式会社 | Photodetector |
| CN102854377A (en) * | 2012-09-14 | 2013-01-02 | 武汉大学 | Circuit and method for converting voltage to pulse width |
| CN103308076A (en) * | 2013-05-24 | 2013-09-18 | 东南大学 | Frequency to voltage (F-V) converting circuit |
| CN101359001B (en) * | 2007-07-26 | 2014-04-23 | 弗卢克公司 | Method and apparatus for amplifying signal and testing device using the same |
| CN104158535A (en) * | 2014-07-23 | 2014-11-19 | 三星半导体(中国)研究开发有限公司 | Frequency and voltage convertor |
| CN109581027A (en) * | 2017-09-29 | 2019-04-05 | 兄弟工业株式会社 | Alternating voltage detection device, image forming apparatus and industrial machine |
| CN112187199A (en) * | 2020-10-27 | 2021-01-05 | 广东工业大学 | Operational transconductance amplifier |
-
1985
- 1985-04-01 CN CN 85102705 patent/CN85102705A/en active Pending
Cited By (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100443904C (en) * | 2003-04-28 | 2008-12-17 | 浜松光子学株式会社 | I/F conversion device and photo-detection device |
| CN1985157B (en) * | 2004-07-12 | 2010-07-14 | 浜松光子学株式会社 | Photodetector |
| CN101359001B (en) * | 2007-07-26 | 2014-04-23 | 弗卢克公司 | Method and apparatus for amplifying signal and testing device using the same |
| CN102854377A (en) * | 2012-09-14 | 2013-01-02 | 武汉大学 | Circuit and method for converting voltage to pulse width |
| CN103308076A (en) * | 2013-05-24 | 2013-09-18 | 东南大学 | Frequency to voltage (F-V) converting circuit |
| CN103308076B (en) * | 2013-05-24 | 2015-07-29 | 东南大学 | A kind of frequency-voltage conversion circuit |
| CN104158535A (en) * | 2014-07-23 | 2014-11-19 | 三星半导体(中国)研究开发有限公司 | Frequency and voltage convertor |
| CN104158535B (en) * | 2014-07-23 | 2017-06-16 | 三星半导体(中国)研究开发有限公司 | FV convertor |
| CN109581027A (en) * | 2017-09-29 | 2019-04-05 | 兄弟工业株式会社 | Alternating voltage detection device, image forming apparatus and industrial machine |
| CN112187199A (en) * | 2020-10-27 | 2021-01-05 | 广东工业大学 | Operational transconductance amplifier |
| CN112187199B (en) * | 2020-10-27 | 2023-05-05 | 广东工业大学 | Operational transconductance amplifier |
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