CN85101184B - Combustion system - Google Patents
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- CN85101184B CN85101184B CN85101184A CN85101184A CN85101184B CN 85101184 B CN85101184 B CN 85101184B CN 85101184 A CN85101184 A CN 85101184A CN 85101184 A CN85101184 A CN 85101184A CN 85101184 B CN85101184 B CN 85101184B
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a burning system with a burner, which comprises a furnace and a burning situation detector, wherein the furnace burns fuel sprayed from a burner into the furnace and air and generates flames, and the burning situation detector detects fuel burning situations. The burning situation detector detects burning situations crossing different flame layer zones by means of the flame light collection of a spot in the flames and a method for moving the spot. According to the burning situations, signals sent by the detector monitor or control the flames to control a waste discharge controller of the furnace and control waste discharge objects due to burning the fuel. The flame burning situations can be quickly controlled with accurate height by means of monitoring the flames.
Description
The present invention relates to a kind of combustion system that is applicable to the firing coal dust boiler, be used for monitoring and control the flame that coal dust firing produces, or be used for controlling the emission-control equipment on the boiler.
In general, aspect the control flame that fuel combustion became in the boiler, to so far market practice be such: at first analyze the various compositions in the waste gas,, send control signal to boiler controlling device then according to analysis result.
For example, suppose that various nitrogen oxide gas (will claim that from now on these compounds are NO in the needs mensuration waste gas
X) concentration, for reaching this purpose, the habitual practice up to now is that the waste gas that burning generates is guided into various NO from flue
XAnalysis meter is to measure NO
XConcentration.In the time can not directly guiding to measurement instrument to waste gas, just, send the sample of gathering to NO then with similarly being the sample that the sampling extractor displacer extracts waste gas from flue like the hypodermic needle tube
XThe sample inlet of measurement instrument is to determine NO
XConcentration.
No matter use any method, all need gather waste gas sample and analytic sample, and produce control signal according to analysis result, carry out control with the waste component that boiler is discharged, remove NO
XOutside, carbon monoxide gas, oxygen and sulphurous acid gas also all are objectionable constituent in the waste gas, need be monitored equally, these gases also once used by analyzing and were controlled from the method for stack gases, and according to analysis result, produce each control signal, but this method has its shortcoming, promptly because waste gas is guided to each measurement instrument from flue, if combustion case takes place to change suddenly, it is difficult how dealing with this variation, when flame becomes unstable and when being suspended on the burner, this unexpected variation is contingent.
The problem that another of firing coal dust boiler should solve is how to reduce the remaining coal amount problem that does not burn down in the ash, and this problem is very important, because from protecting environment to exempt from the viewpoint of pollution and energy savings, so all be necessary.If flame owing to burn coal dust and form, then be necessary mat monitoring flame with to enforcements control, carry out under the high-level efficiency situation to keep burning, requirement reduces in the ash the not residual volume of the coal of burning-out as possible.In order to measure the residual volume of the coal that does not burn down in the ash, customary way is directly to gather flying dust from flue so far, the ash that weighs up predetermined quantity is heavy, make this ash sampling perfect combustion in oxygen then, method is the sampling of heating ash, it is 10-20 degree centigrade that per minute improves temperature, up to bringing up to 850 degrees centigrade fully to burn, then, weight of this ash sampling of weighing again, like this, the coal amount that does not burn down in ash weight that equal to claim for the first time, the sampling of the ash before perfect combustion deducts weight that claim for the second time, the sampling of the ash after perfect combustion.This process is to bother not only but also time taking because wherein a lot of steps will be arranged, be with day gentle other instruments indication difference heats, this situation make immediately to flame implement to connect fast machine control become impossible; This that is to say, can not feed back the information of coal amount in the ash that records, and to carry out timely control operation, like this, also just makes this method can not deal with burning the situation of variation suddenly takes place.
The method of prior art is intended to control effectively the flame that coal dust firing produces as mentioned above, relies on that waste gas or flying dust are collected by the stove exit place and to its method of analyzing.Therefore this method can not make it have requisite measure to deal with the unexpected variation of combustion case.Since this situation, then there is the people just to expect flame itself is observed, in the hope of flame being carried out control as far as possible accurately.More particularly, might adopt a kind of like this method, in the method, control combustion case, often be in best fired state to keep flame according near distribution of the gas concentration the burner bocca and Temperature Distribution situation.Usually, the gas concentration distribution situation of a band can be come the extracting gases sample with a sampling probe that is inserted in the flame near the burner bocca, for test; The also available thermopair that is inserted in the flame of Temperature Distribution situation is measured.But these methods are difficult to obtain accurate measurement result, because probe is interfered flame.When measuring all gases CONCENTRATION DISTRIBUTION, all gases in each sampling probe becomes branch that chemical reaction takes place each other, (for example, 2CO+O at draw samples
2→ 2CO
2), it is impossible that the result makes that accurate mensuration all gases distribution situation becomes.When measuring Temperature Distribution, also can meet difficulty, because because the heat radiation of furnace wall and the temperature variation of flame itself can both make temperature change.Generally speaking, it is believed that it is very difficult accurately measuring combustion case with the method for prior art, because this method relies on the information of Temperature Distribution situation near all gases CONCENTRATION DISTRIBUTION of burner bocca and the stove.
Development purpose of the present invention is the shortcoming of wanting to avoid in the above-mentioned prior art method, so, the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of combustion system, this system can implement the control of burning accurately, and its order of accuarcy is enough to eligibly deal with the unexpected variation of combustion case.Control system basis to burning is carried out the accurate result that observation station gets to flame.
According to the present invention, a kind of combustion system is provided, this system comprises that a burning sprays into the stove of fuel from burner; Also comprise the combustion case determinator, when generating flame in the burner, in order to measure the situation that fuel burns in each layer of flame band; Comprise in addition in order to monitoring or the device of control flame and the discarded draw-off control device that control links to each other with the stove rear portion; In monitor procedure, be the signal that utilizes above-mentioned combustion case determinator to send.
Select a special wave band, collect to cross over the flame zone of different layers band, the light of middle flame emission, and the light of collecting carried out spectral analysis, and obtain information in this way about the fuel combustion situation, determine the combustion case of fuel according to these information.The information that is obtained is to measure the fuel quantity that does not burn down in the flying dust about the concentration of nitrogen oxide and hydrogen in the waste gas of the air ratio of temperature, flame, burning and according to radiative light intensity and light-emitting mode on this special wave band.Like this, just can determine to generate the fuel combustion situation of flame according to these information.The combustion case definite according to the front, just can regulate the air in the burner spirt stove and the spray angle of quantity of fuel and adjusting air and fuel, thereby make flame reach optimum condition, or control denitrification apparatus or dust collect plant, thereby realize effectively controlling satisfactorily to discarded draw-off.
Fig. 1 is the front elevation of combustion system of the present invention, is given in an example of collection light in the zone that burning institute becomes flame;
Fig. 2 is along the sectional drawing of II-II section that line is done among Fig. 1;
Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 are optical system and the schematic diagrams of collecting light for explaining;
Fig. 5 is the vertical profile figure of burner, is presented at another example of collecting light in the flame region, and is different with the example among Fig. 1;
Fig. 6 explains to utilize to collect light line approach to carry out the view of incineration gases fuel experimental provision;
Fig. 7 is along the sectional drawing of VII-VII section that line is done among Fig. 6;
Fig. 8 explains to utilize to collect light line approach to burn the view of coal dust experimental provision;
Fig. 9 represents that the light that flame is sent carries out the result of spectrum observation gained;
Figure 10 represents it is that burning generates the luminous light intensity of flame and the relation between the flame air ratio;
Figure 11 represents C
2In luminous light intensity and the waste gas of base the concentration of all gases composition and and ash in the relation between the fuel residual volume of burning-out not;
Figure 12 represents NO in luminous light intensity of NO and the waste gas
XRelation between the concentration;
Figure 13 represents the band of the different wave length of the luminous acquisition of OH base;
Figure 14 is the diagram of one of Flame Temperature Distribution example.
Figure 15 explains one of the optical filtering case be used to measure luminous flame light intensity example.
Figure 16-a, 16-b and 16-c are three figure that explain normal and improper flame;
Figure 17 is a combustion system figure, and this system comprises one embodiment of the invention, and this figure shows that the present invention burns the control mode of situation to fuel;
Figure 18 is that flame burning device vertical profile figure is effectively controlled in shown in Figure 17 being used for;
Figure 19 is along the sectional drawing of X IX-X IX profile line gained among Figure 18.
What Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 represented is the combustion system that proposes according to the present invention, collect near the situation of flame zone of light, stove 10 is equipped with a burner 20, therefrom spray general flame 30, this flame extends to the inside of stove 10 always, the light that flame 30 sends is collected by observation port 40 and 41, the light beam of collecting like this is converted to electric signal by mirrored cabinet 50 and 51 and gives a signal processor 60, when receiving the electric signal that mirrored cabinet 50 and 51 is sent here, signal processor 60 just sends a control signal.
Referring to Fig. 3 and Fig. 4, wherein represent a light-gathering optics, the light harvesting principle of more narrations to explain that combustion system of the present invention is used will be made to this optical system in the back.In general, the effect of convex lens is the parallel light of injecting to be gathered make it to converge on the focus, more particularly, when parallel rays incides on convex lens 52 and 53, just form a high-intensity picture at the focus place, therefore, lay photodetector 54 and 55 in the focal position of parallel rays polymerization and just can obtain inciding the information that has in the parallel rays on convex lens 52 and 53, convex lens 52 and photodetector 54 are synthesized the full detail that a telltale just can make the directional light that passes stove 10 contain to be injected in the photodetector 54, if convex lens 53 and photodetector 55 synthetic another devices, as shown in Figure 3, again these two devices are combined into an optical system, two groups of parallel rayss wherein penetrating on convex lens 52 and 53 are crossed one another in stove 10 inside, just can make the output information of photodetector 54 and 55 transfer to a message handler simultaneously, handle the information that is comprised in these two groups of parallel rayss simultaneously.So, just can handle the information that hatched area contained of stove 10 among Fig. 3, and the information processing result of this single-processor is transferred out.So, when needs are obtained the information in a zone of different zone of flame bands of garden symmetric shape, can make its right-hand member shift to the stove left end by means of a parallel beam that moves shown in Fig. 3 dotted line, so just can reach this purpose from stove 10.
The principle of collecting parallel rays information can be by understanding referring to the narration that relevant Fig. 3 did.But on the practice of reality, also must improve spatial resolving power, for reaching this purpose, can use an optical system as shown in Figure 4, in this optical system, utilized the characteristic of convex lens for twice, and the light that flame is a bit sent is that photodetector 58 is collected by convex lens institute's polymerization.Be positioned at before the focus and the also in addition polymerization of focus light afterwards.For example, optical system among Fig. 3 and the optical system among Fig. 4 are combined, and make the former light path and the latter's the perpendicular spatial resolution that just can improve greatly in the information processing of light path, this is because the output of photodetector 58 and the output of photodetector 59 can be defeated by a message handler simultaneously, in optical system shown in Figure 4, lens 56 can be only towards the moving forward and backward of lens 56 and 57, photodetector 58 then can move to the left and right.
According to the principle of Fig. 3 and the said collection light line approach of Fig. 4, the fuel that just can obtain any select location in the flame burns the information of situation.
In Fig. 3 and method shown in Figure 4, just utilized above-mentioned viewpoint to collect light.Fig. 5 provides an example, uses a light transmitting fiber that links to each other with burner to collect light therein.More particularly, burner 20 has a light transmitting fiber 130 to link to each other with its main body, and this light transmitting fiber system is inserted in the cooling tube 120, in order near the light of a band flame 30 emissions bocca of collecting burner 20.Light collecting device is contained on the burner 30 in this kind structure, even thereby the stove size is very big also difficulty can not take place because do not need perforate on the stove.
Collect light with a big depth of field collector lens 140, these lens are contained in the entrance point of light transmitting fiber 130.Light is conducted through light transmitting fiber 130 and arrived mirrored cabinet 150 afterwards, and reproduces image therein.
For light signal is changed into electric signal, can use photoelectric commutator, as photomultiplier cell or photodiode array.
Fig. 6-8 provides several in order to obtain the experimental provision that fuel burns situation information, and these experimental provisions all are to develop according to the analysis of the light of being collected by above-mentioned light harvesting method.Fig. 6 and device shown in Figure 7 are applicable to the burner 20 of incineration gases fuel.In this burner, air fuel through mixing and guiding to burner 160, forms flame 170 through burning in advance.The light of flame 170 emissions enters collection by the some light harvestings hole 190 on the stove 180.The light of collecting is by very high optical devices of susceptibility-be that episcotister 200 carries out spectroanalysis instrument 210.So just obtain radiant light spectrum, and the radiant light light intensity just is converted into electric signal with photomultiplier cell 220, and delivers to a signal processor 230 with required wavelength.The waste gas that uses a pump that burning is generated is extracted some out, tests to determine oxygen, the concentration of hydrogen and carbon monoxide, and the NO in the waste gas with gas chromatograph 250 then
X(nitrogen oxide) then uses a NO
XTable 260 is determined, this NO
XTable is a kind of luminous instrument of chemical source of measuring.
Fig. 8 is to be the situation of fuel with coal dust, and coal dust is transported to burner 300 from bucket 270 air 290 that are transported coal dust of delivering coal with pneumatic mode, and mixes mutually and the formation flame that burns with combustion air 290 near a bocca of burner 300.The light that flame sends enters spectroanalysis instrument 210 by an observation port 310, thereby draws the luminescent spectrum of required wavelength, and simultaneously, luminous light intensity then is converted into electric signal by a photomultiplier cell 220 and then delivers to signal processor 230.
Waste gas then is drawn towards and passes through a flue 320, enters heat prover 330, and this analyzer comprises a NO
XTable, an oxygen densitometer and a carbonomonoxide concentration meter, in order to waste gas is analyzed, then use a dust sampling instrument 340 as for the formed flying dust of coal dust firing, extract sample of dust the dust under flue 320 filters, use heat difference indication balance to measure the residual volume of the coal that does not burn down in the dust sampling then.
Fig. 9 represents that the light that uses Fig. 6 and device shown in Figure 8 that incineration gases fuel and flame that coal dust becomes are sent carries out the result of spectral analysis gained.Abscissa among Fig. 9 is represented radiative wavelength, and ordinate is represented the light intensity of flame emission light.Result among the figure is presented in the flame can observe the luminous of chemical substance, and these are exactly the OH base, NH base, CH base, C
2Base, NH
2The light that base and NO send.Because various chemical substances are luminous all to be its special wavelength, then utilize the relation of radiative wavelength and light intensity, to measure the situation of burning from chemical substance and emission light with research fuel with special wavelength.
Figure 10 represents is that luminous light intensity of above-mentioned chemical substance and burning fuel generate the relation between the air ratio of flame.Air ratio is that the concentration of carbon monoxide gas and hydrogen is calculated according to the determined oxygen of waste-gas analysis.In experiment, once with changing the air capacity flow to burner and fuel quantity to change this air ratio.
As can be seen from Figure 10, OH base 350, CH base 360, CN base 370, NO
* Base 380 and NH base 390, for the moment approaching when air ratio, maximum luminous light intensity is all arranged, though its curve has nothing in common with each other C
2Base 400 luminous light intensity curves are reducing and increase with air ratio but.
From the luminous light intensity curve of above-mentioned chemical substance is measured the gained result, one will understand that, in the cross-reference mode, study at least a above luminous light intensity of chemical substance, or the numerical value of the differential coefficient of a bit locating on the research light intensity curve (dr/dI), just can obtain more accurate air ratio.Therefore, if as shown in figure 10, determined the relation between air ratio and the luminous light intensity of each chemical substance, just can observe the flame situation by mat, learn air ratio at once, and need not calculate the oxygen on a timing difference, the concentration of carbon monoxide gas and hydrogen, in waste-gas analysis, gas sampling is a time taking process.
Therefore, known relation as shown in figure 10 between air ratio and the every kind of luminous light intensity of chemical substance, just can observe flame by mat, learn that at once air ratio is to deal with the unexpected variation that may occur in the fuel burning situation that generates flame, thereby make burning reach very high fuel efficiency and environmental pollution is minimized, and these two all is desirable.
That shown in Figure 11 is C
2Relation between the fuel quantity that does not burn down in the concentration of all gases composition and the flying dust in base emission light light intensity and the waste gas.C
2Relation in base emission light light intensity and the waste gas between the concentration of all gases composition be with device shown in Figure 6 experimentize and must.Use the corresponding relation of device gained shown in Figure 8 to show identical trend.C
2Relation between the fuel quantity that does not burn down in base emission light light intensity and the flying dust is to obtain with device shown in Figure 8.
Learn C from experience
2Between density of hydrogen 430 in base emission light light intensity and the waste gas and the carbon monoxide gas concentration 410 proportional relation is arranged, also learn from experience, at C
2Between base emission light light intensity and the oxygen concentration 420 negative mutual relationship is arranged.Like this, C
2The emission light light intensity of this chemical substance of base just demonstrates the efficient that burning is carried out.In other words, when combustion case worsens, fuel combustion gets when incomplete, and the concentration of carbon monoxide will increase, and can find also that simultaneously hydrogen exists.These gases all are flammable.When oxygen existed, these gases will burn.Therefore, go, just pollute the environment, and wasted the energy if these gases are placed in the atmosphere.Therefore, the very important point is, according to C
2The observation of base emission light light intensity is controlled the fuel combustion situation to reduce the concentration of these gases in the waste gas as far as possible.
Up to now, the practice of custom is that waste gas is guided to surveying instrument to extract the waste gas sample from flue, and the analytical sampling sample is to determine the concentration of these gases then, and its practice was said in the above.This method has its shortcoming, because combustion case may change, thereby all gases concentration also changes, but all gas this concentration change has all taken place and predicted by analytical instrument in stove, and the variation of this combustion case just can be found.In other words, this method can not deal with soon that contingent situation changes suddenly in the burning, and the result makes that the efficient of this method aspect the control burning is very low.
Aspect the fuel residual volume 440 that in flying dust, does not burn down, it is found that, at fuel residual volume and C
2Have positive correlationship between the base emission light light intensity, this point was once mentioned in front, in this respect, it is important the fuel residual volume that does not burn down in the flying dust monitored so that burn and reached high-level efficiency.But can not use online fast operating method so far to realize the FEEDBACK CONTROL of combustion case always.
Owing to understand now at C
2The sort of positive correlationship is as shown in figure 11 arranged, so just might use online fast operating method to implement the FEEDBACK CONTROL of fuel combustion situation between the fuel residual volume 440 that does not burn down in base emission light light intensity and the flying dust.
According to above said, the relation of known existence two aspects is C on the one hand
2The emission light light intensity of base, be the fuel residual volume that does not burn down in the concentration of oxygen, hydrogen and carbon monoxide gas in the waste gas and the ash on the other hand, in case set up the correlationship of this two aspect as shown in figure 11, collected flame light and analyze C so only use by the ray-collecting hole
2The method of the emission light light intensity that special wavelength is arranged that base sends, just can determine the fuel residual volume that do not burn down in the concentration of oxygen, hydrogen and carbon monoxide gas in the waste gas and the ash at once, and do not need the waste gas in the collecting flue and the sampling of flying dust, so just make and adopt online quick maneuver to become possibility with the FEEDBACK CONTROL of implementing combustion case.
When stating control method on the implementation, only using an independent information, is the control that is not enough to realize highly accurate combustion case, also is necessary cooperatively interacting down, and the plural at least information of Collection and analysis just can be drawn a conclusion then simultaneously.The present invention can obtain plural information simultaneously from the chemical substance luminesceence analysis of flame, this situation makes to the control of combustion case more accurately and reliably.
That Figure 12 provides is NO
*NO in emission light light intensity and the waste gas
XClose pass between the concentration.Two situations that curve 450 among the figure and the aflame air ratio of 460 representatives differ from one another have been understood fully NO now
*NO in emission light light intensity and the waste gas
XPositive correlationship is arranged between the concentration each other, and curve 450 and 460 is identical in this respect.
Therefore, if in case build up NO
*NO in radiating light light intensity and the waste gas
XThe correlationship as shown in figure 12 that exists between the concentration can be only with collecting flame light and analyzing NO
*The light intensity of peculiar wavelength just can be determined the NO in the waste gas at once
XConcentration.This adopts online quick maneuver to become possibility with the FEEDBACK CONTROL of implementing combustion case with regard to making.
What Figure 13 provided is the luminescent spectrum of OH base, and this OH base has been proved and has been present in widely in the flame, and this spectrum is the result that so-called OH base vibration rotation spectrum is performed an analysis.Figure 13 is a curve map, its ordinate representative emission light light intensity, and abscissa is represented light wavelength.Temperature can be determined by the numerical value of the position of the spike line in the calculating chart on position on the axis of abscissa (wavelength) and Y axis Y (radiating light light intensity).Calculate and use following equation:
Ln(I
ω/ ω
4Pg)=-the E/KT+ constant term
Wherein: I
ω: the emission light light intensity of certain wavelength,
ω: the inverse of a certain spectrum line wavelength,
P: with the probability of the luminous energy level E that makes a leapleap forward of the corresponding wavelength of ω,
G: multiplier,
K: Boltzmann constant,
T: absolute temperature
The numerical value of g be material or OH base intrinsic value, the numerical value of P and E is relevant with ω.These numerical value can draw with computing method.
Computation process is such: the intensity of determining earlier the spectrum line obtained from spectral analysis, the numerical value on the accounting equation left side again, the relation curve of this amount of drawing then and E is so just can calculate the numerical value of T, this is because the slope of straight line equals 1/KT, and K is the cause of a constant.
That Figure 13 provides is the spectral analysis result of the OH base radiating light at optional some place in certain flame.
Above said situation can be summarized as follows: if burning fuel become some place in the flame collect light and to do spectral analysis to obtain the vibration rotation spectrum of OH base, so rotate the calculating of composing by the OH base vibration that spectral analysis provides, just can learn the temperature at ray-collecting point place.Therefore, can the mat said method obtain the temperature at a lot of some places in the flame and learn Temperature Distribution in the flame.
That Figure 14 provides is a Flame Temperature Distribution figure.This flame generates with the burner burning fuel in the test unit shown in Figure 6.
In prior art, for learning near the Temperature Distribution the burner bocca, the habitual always so far practice is to insert several thermopairs in flame.This method of prior art has very big shortcoming, and Here it is when being inserted in thermopair in the flame, just makes flame be subjected to interference, obtains precise dose distribution generation difficulty thereby make.The present invention has avoided this shortcoming in the prior art fully, makes people must obtain one far for precise dose distributes, because the present invention can lean out the temperature of flame and need not contact flame with optical means.
So according to method of the present invention, people can utilize optical means and needn't contact flame and just can obtain near the burner bocca Flame Temperature Distribution.In this method, the spectrum that OH base in the flame is sent carries out spectral analysis, again the result of spectral analysis is imported a signal processor, this signal processor comprises that is used for the calculation element that accounting temperature distributes, the memory circuit of Flame Temperature Distribution information when a fuel-in-storage burns optimal cases, one be used for relatively calculating Temperature Distribution and the memory circuit optimum temperature profile of storing and the outside comparator circuit of output signal, and one from the comparator circuit output signal and be input to control circuit.Export a control signal again, this method is utilized control signal, can implement control to fuel burning situation with very high precision and efficient.Control is to be foundation with Flame Temperature Distribution that the light that flame is sent carries out the spectral analysis gained.
As mentioned above, people to collect the luminous of chemical source and it is carried out spectral analysis from flame be to be basis with the light-emitting mode in a certain certain wave that flame emission light light intensity or spectral analysis obtain with the method for determining the fuel combustion situation.This just makes people can implement the control of fuel combustion situation with very high efficient and precision, to deal with the variation of any contingent combustion case rapidly.In addition, above-mentioned this method makes people can obtain a lot of information about combustion case, the just spectral analysis of flame light of institute's basis, and need not directly to contact flame; To the control of combustion case, then can carry out according to the spectral analysis result of a lot of information.
Obtain emission light light intensity and the light-emitting mode of flame in a certain specific band with spectral analysis apparatus, spectral analysis apparatus can be a spectrometer of being furnished with photodetector, optical filtering or any other known instrument that can play similar effect.
What Figure 15 provided is an optical filtering case 470 that is used for measuring light intensity, and the light beam 480 of collecting from flame enters optical filtering case 470 by the ray-collecting hole 481 on the optical filtering case.Light beam 480 successively by dichroic color filter 490,491 and 492 so that the light of some wavelength passes through, simultaneously but do not allow the light of other wavelength pass through.Dichroic color filter 490,491 and 492 can be selected arbitrarily to reflect the light of any required wavelength.The light of any wavelength is reflected by each dichroic color filter 490,491 and 492 and is focused on by convex lens 500, and light gathers in photodetector 510,511 and 512 one, and becoming has high-intensity light.Like this, survey the light intensity of the light of wavelength and just can measure on each photodetector 510,511 and 512, optical filtering case 470 be represented in front and was narrated.It can reflect the light of three kinds of different wave lengths, but the present invention has more than the optical wavelength number that is limited to this special provision, because can make the flame light of collecting have the wavelength number as much as possible case 470 that filtered to reflect fully.So, the optical filtering case 470 that utilizes type shown in Figure 15 just can be collected the flame light of requisite number purpose different wave length simultaneously from flame, then it is carried out spectral analysis, so just can obtain the information in a lot of different-wavebands simultaneously, this just makes the optical filtering case collect a series of flame optical informations and consider that in the cross-reference mode these many information become very useful instrument aspect judging.
Point out above and narrated, only how to pass through spectral analysis to obtain the information the specific band from what flame was collected, and how therefrom to obtain various other information, comprising air ratio and the oxygen in the temperature waste gas, hydrogen, carbon monoxide gas and the oxidation nitrogen (NO of flame
X) concentration, and the fuel residual volume that does not burn down in the ash.This method follows flame emission light light intensity and the light-emitting mode in specific band, use be optical means, do not need directly to contact flame.As shown in figure 15, utilize the optical filtering case to make us can be decomposed into the flame light of collecting simultaneously the light of a lot of different wave lengths of requisite number purpose.In collecting optical system shown in Figure 4, collector lens can move forward and backward, thereby changes the position of focus.Like this, utilize optical filtering case 470 shown in Figure 15 to replace photodetector shown in Figure 4 58, just can obtain a lot of information in the flame region simultaneously as mentioned above, this flame region is crossed over several different zone of flame bands.
When the flame that fuel combustion became is undesired, just can use following method, this burning abnormal conditions is found on pin-point accuracy ground rapidly.
Referring to Figure 16-a, Figure 16-b and Figure 16-c.The middle body of figure have the burner 540 of firing coal dust, this burner have a pulverized coal outlet 520 and cylindrical and with the combustion air supply opening 530 in its concentric garden of formation, normally used burner is exactly this structure.
Figure 16-a represents a flame 550, and this flame generates by burning coal dust.But coal dust supply here is too many air supply very little, so we will see that when combustion case as previously mentioned the time, the flame 550 of generation lacks a middle body, this is that the fuel of middle body does not have burned cause because air is under-supply.
The flame 550 that Figure 16-b represents lacks its outer peripheral edge portion, and this is because the air supply has too much made the fray-out of flame of outer peripheral edge portion.
The flame 550 that Figure 16-c represents has normal shape, the supply of coal dust and combustion air supply balance just in time here, thus make burning carry out satisfactoryly.
The flame profile 550 that Figure 16-a and Figure 16-c represent is not satisfied, because their shape shows that fuel is not to carry out with very high burning efficiency.
Guan Yong various flame control methods all have its shortcoming so far, Here it is if combustion case changes, the shape shown in Figure 16-a or Figure 16-b that made 550 one-tenth of flames, everything will be through being found from the variation of flue gas for a long time, and the variation of flue gas is faint like that, also is very difficult so that find this variation.
When using method of the present invention, just can accomplish rapidly and determine reliably flame 550 whether normal shape shown in Figure 16-c is arranged, such undesired shape shown in Figure 16-a or 16-b is still arranged, get final product for accomplishing that the required step of taking of this point is only used to examine in the face of the luminous method in flame variant layer region along direction shown in the dotted line among the figure.
More particularly, according to method of the present invention, in advance the data storage of the normal shape flame 550 shown in Figure 16-c in the storer of a computing machine, these data comprise the distribution of air ratio in the flame and the Temperature Distribution in the flame, and Temperature Distribution is to determine according to flame emission light light intensity and the light-emitting mode in a certain specific band.When burner moves, use this method constantly to observe the light that flame region sends along dotted line shown in Figure 16-a to Figure 16-c, when finding flame 550 and combustion case shown in Figure 16-a or Figure 16-b occurs, just take the necessary steps to improve combustion case immediately, in other words when shape shown in Figure 16-a appears in flame 550, people only need reduce the supply of coal dust, and when shape shown in Figure 16-b appearred in flame 550, people only need reduce the combustion air supply.
This shortcoming of prior art is non-existent in the present invention, because the method that the present invention uses is that flame light is carried out spectral analysis to determine the emission mode of emission light light intensity and light, thereby learn each relevant parameter distributions in the flame, this just makes the people can find out the minor variations of luminous flame.Thereby make the people learn flame from the normal shape shown in Figure 16-c to the undesired shape transition shown in Figure 16-a or Figure 16-b.This method can also make the people whether find out flame to the shape transition of Figure 16-a or at the shape transition to Figure 16-b, like this, the control of flame is had the accuracy of height with regard to making.
Because the light of flame emission, and is studied emission light light intensity and the light-emitting mode on each wavelength in the mode of cross-reference selecting a specific wave band through spectral analysis, so can obtain above-mentioned viewpoint.When flame was in from the stage of normal shape to undesired shape transition, distribution that might a certain wavelength emission light light intensity does not change, but the distribution of the emission light light intensity of other wavelength may change.
For example, when flame when the normal shape shown in Figure 16-c becomes undesired shape shown in Figure 16-a, the pulverized coal outlet 520 supplied fuel quantity that are positioned at the burner center increase gradually.At this moment, the emission light light intensity of the OH base of energy displays temperature information or the emission mode of OH base but almost do not have much variations.
At this moment, the temperature of flame should descend to some extent, because near the trend of the burning burner center rough burning.But because environment burner center line forms the skin of the flame in multilayer concentric garden very strong heat radiation is arranged, make flame temperature not have much variations.As a result, the light-emitting mode of the emission light light intensity of OH base and OH base does not almost change.
But C meanwhile
2The emission light light distribution of base and CH base but changes.Here it is, near the C pulverized coal outlet 520 front end faces
2The emission light light intensity of base and CH base has the trend of growth.C
2It is the predecessor of coal smoke dirt that base and CH base are said to be, because the dirty steam state aggegation from them of coal smoke forms.C
2Base and CH base emission light light intensity cause of increased are due to the fact that, promptly near pulverized coal outlet, form a rough burning district partly because fuel duty increases gradually.
So, according to above-mentioned situation, people can know understanding, according to method of the present invention, the light that flame sends is observed, and analyze observed result in the cross-reference mode, just can make the people find out flame, thereby make the people that the accuracy of height be arranged the control of combustion case from the transition of normal shape to undesired shape.
Figure 17 is an embodiment according to combustion system of the present invention, the light that flame 650 sends is collected and guide optical spectrum analyser 680 into by light transmitting fiber 670 by light collecting device 660, optical spectrum analyser 680 is furnished with a converter, be used for launching the light light intensity represent in the flame and in specific band the various light signals of light-emitting mode be converted to electric signal, after these electric signal are exaggerated device 690 amplifications, pass to a Control Component 700, amplifier 690 is amplified the electric signal that converter generates, the input of converter then be representative emission light light intensity and in optional wave band the optical signalling of light-emitting mode, control assembly 700 comprises a storer 720, be used for storing the emission light light intensity that observes under the best combustion situation and the data of light-emitting mode in specific band, a comparer 710 is used for the output signal of the output signal of amplifier 690 with storer 720 compared, and a controller 730, its effect is that output signal is to implement control to the fuel combustion situation.Control assembly 700 comprises that also an air disseminates 740, one coal dusts of regulator and disseminates 750, one coal dust supply regulators 760 of regulator and an air supply regulator 770, and the signal of controller 730 outputs is sent to these air supply regulators.
The output signal of control assembly 700 is to be used for regulating the air capacity of supplied burner 640 and the situation of disseminating of fuel quantity and adjusting burner bocca exit air and fuel.More particularly, the output signal of air supply regulator 770 is passed to an autocontrol valve that is contained between fan blower 630 and the burner 640, amount of supplied air with control fan blower supplied burner, making it permanent is optimal number, the output signal of coal dust supply regulator 760 is passed on the autocontrol valve that is contained between coal dust supply injection bucket 620 and the burner 640, to regulate the coal dust amount of supplied burner, making it permanent is optimal number.Air disseminates output signal that regulator 740 and coal dust disseminate regulator 750 and passes to the air that is contained on the burner respectively and disseminate the drive unit of regulator and the drive unit (seeing Figure 18) that coal dust disseminates regulator, to control disseminating of air and coal dust respectively, making it permanent is optimum condition.
About disseminating of coal dust and air, please to be understood referring to Figure 18 and 19, the air among Figure 17 disseminates the signal of regulator 740 outputs and passes to the drive unit 890 that air disseminates regulator.Disseminating of air is that direction with the three-dimensional air nozzle 840 ejection air of appropriate change is controlled.Coal dust shown in Figure 17 disseminates the signal of regulator 750 outputs and passes to the drive unit 850 that coal dust disseminates regulator, transport to the coal dust of burner with pneumatic mode, after delivering to this place via circuit 860, to just spray by a nozzle opening 870, disseminating of coal dust is that size with nozzle opening 870 opening degrees is regulated, and openings of sizes is a cone 880 that is contained in the coal nozzle opening part to be moved in or out control.
But only regulating burner is limited with the control of implementing air and coal dust are disseminated.
When the situation outside exceeding above-mentioned control ability takes place, will be with combustion system of the present invention to implement control to combustion case.
The generating plant of a fire coal generally comprises boiler 800, denitrification apparatus 810, and particle collector 820 and flue 830, as shown in figure 17, denitrification apparatus generally increases and decreases it and is used to remove NO along with the variation of power plant load
XThe quantity of reductive agent.The operation of particle collector 820 is stable states, because it does not deal with the ability of load change.
Combustion system is done as a whole, wants to make it to have fuel residual volume and NO that minimizing does not burn down simultaneously
XThe effect of concentration.When fuel is coal dust, if it is burnt basically, then can reduce the fuel residual volume that does not burn down under the perfect combustion situation, but the NO in the waste gas
XConcentration will increase, and when situation is opposite, fuel is burnt then can reduce the NO in the waste gas under the rough burning situation
XConcentration, but the fuel residual volume that does not burn down will increase.In other words, only controlling the fuel combustion situation, is to reduce fuel residual volume and the NO that does not burn down simultaneously
XConcentration.When combustion case helps reducing the fuel residual volume that does not burn down, NO
XConcentration will increase; When combustion case helps reducing NO
XDuring concentration, the fuel residual volume of Shao Waning will not increase.Mentioned above, particle collector 820 is the changes that can not deal with load well, and this just makes the fuel residual volume that does not burn down in the waste gas remain unchanged basically.
Concerning burner, burning is carried out under the perfect combustion situation, can reduce the fuel residual volume that does not burn down easily.But so just make the NO in the waste gas
XDense.
Combustion system of the present invention mainly is to want that the fuel that is used for controlling in the burner burns situation.But combustion system can be made like this, makes it be defeated by the refuse that is contained in stove 800 rear portions to signal and discharges control system, just links on the flue of stove.When finding that the ingle flame belongs to the NO that can make in the waste gas
XDuring type that concentration increases, just make the reductive agent quantity control-signals generator 790 of control assembly 700 send signal and give denitrification apparatus 810, make its quantity that increases reductive agent to reduce NO in the waste gas
XConcentration.When finding that flame belongs to type that the fuel residual volume of burning-out is not increased, control mode to the fuel combustion situation then should be that fuel is burnt under the perfect combustion situation, because the interelectrode voltage that can improve particle collector 820 is to deal with the change of power plant load, this once mentioned in front.In other words, the control to combustion case is the amount of supplied air of giving burner with increasing.If but taked this step, flame just makes NO to meeting
XThe direction that concentration increases changes, and therefore just must send signal simultaneously and give denitrification apparatus 810, makes it increase the quantity of reductive agent.
If in the future particle collector 810 is made improvements, its inter-electrode voltage can be changed with the change of load, just can make the voltage across poles control-signals generator 780 in the control assembly 700 produce signal directly particle collector 810 is implemented control.
In other words, when the flame in the stove 800 had the trend that makes the fuel residual volume increase that does not burn down in the flying dust, the required measure of taking was just sent signal and is given particle collector 820, has made its interelectrode voltage increase just.
The narration of having been done above having understood just can be clear that combustion system of the present invention can be taken measures with fuel residual volume that does not burn down in the minimizing flying dust and the NO in the waste gas
XConcentration.These measures are the fuel combustion of control burner and the refuse discharge control apparatus that control is positioned at stove 800 rear portions, comprise denitrification apparatus 810 and particle collector 820.
According to the present invention, the light that flame in the burner is sent carries out spectral analysis to select a special wave band and to determine emission light light intensity and light-emitting mode.According to obtained result, just can not need contact flame and can the fuel combustion situation be judged, thus the combustion case of control burner, to reduce NO in the fuel residual volume that do not burn down in the flying dust and the waste gas
XConcentration.So just can obtain the information of the various chemical substances that different emission wavelengths are much arranged, then under cross-reference, make observation conclusion the fuel combustion situation.Because the observation of flame itself is constituted the basis of control, therefore just can be promptly and the control of pin-point accuracy ground enforcement to the fuel combustion situation.
Claims (13)
1, a kind of combustion system comprises:
A stove is used for burning the fuel of spontaneous combustion device ejection;
Supervising device according to the signal that the combustion case determinator sends, is used for regulating wherein a kind of fuel quantity at least and enters the interior air capacity of stove;
The combustion case determinator, comprise a collecting optical opticas device, be used for collecting the light that send flame inside from both direction at least, to obtain the information of control flame combustion situation, and the analysis of spectrum device, be used for the light that described collecting optical opticas device is collected is carried out spectral analysis, thereby select a specific wave band, it is characterized in that: the light of the flame emission that do not exist together is collected in the utilization of collecting optical opticas device, obtains the information of crossing over fuel combustion situation in the different layers band flame zone.
2, a kind of combustion system as claimed in claim 1, wherein above-mentioned combustion case determinator also comprises spectral analysis device, be used for the light that the collecting optical opticas device is collected is carried out spectral analysis, it is characterized in that: a special wave band is selected in above-mentioned spectral analysis, the OH base that the utilization of described combustion case determinator obtains from flame, NH base, CN base, the CH base, C
2Emission mode or emissive porwer information and the associated flame temperature and the air ratio of the light of the specific band of base and the emission of NO base; the fuel residual volume of uncombusted oil in the burnt gas; nitrogen oxide; carbon monoxide; the information of hydrogen and oxygen concentration; relatively Yu Ding light-emitting mode or intensity; this light-emitting mode or intensity are corresponding to light-emitting mode or luminous intensity in a plurality of specific degree section of the selected wavelength of flame in normal flame combustion situation that obtains according to following relation and the described stove; thereby whether the flame burning situation of measuring in the described stove is normal; and the level by precalculated position in the flame of stove obtains the emission mode or the emission light intensity of the same specific band each light wavelength of flame from both direction at least, can determine the combustion case of described stove.
3, a kind of combustion system as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that: above-mentioned collecting optical opticas device includes lens, is used for collecting the information that obtains the fuel combustion situation on the optics of lens axle crosses one another a little that send flame inside from both direction; And mobile device, be used for moving the optic axis of at least one lens.
4, a kind of combustion system comprises:
A stove is used for burning from the fuel of burner ejection;
Supervising device according to the signal that the combustion case determinator sends, is used for regulating wherein a kind of fuel quantity at least and enters the interior air capacity of stove; And
The combustion case determinator comprises optical devices of collecting light, is used for collecting the light that flame sends, and it is characterized in that: the collecting optical opticas device can be in the flame zone of crossing over several different layers bands pointwise move information on each aspect of collecting luminous flame;
Waste discharge device links to each other with a flue of stove, is used for the signal controlling waste discharge device that sends according to the combustion case determinator.
5, a kind of combustion system as claimed in claim 4: it is characterized in that: above-mentionedly monitor or control the device of flame at least and the device of above-mentioned control exhaust extractor comprises the control module device, be used for controlling air capacity from the burner ejection, from the fuel quantity of burner ejection, and control is disseminated angle when the air of burner ejection and fuel enter in the stove.
6, a kind of combustion system as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that above-mentioned refuse discharge control apparatus controls with above-mentioned monitoring or control device.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN85101184A CN85101184B (en) | 1985-04-01 | 1985-04-01 | Combustion system |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN85101184A CN85101184B (en) | 1985-04-01 | 1985-04-01 | Combustion system |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN85101184A CN85101184A (en) | 1987-01-10 |
| CN85101184B true CN85101184B (en) | 1988-11-30 |
Family
ID=4791670
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN85101184A Expired CN85101184B (en) | 1985-04-01 | 1985-04-01 | Combustion system |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN85101184B (en) |
Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP4274179B2 (en) * | 2003-11-05 | 2009-06-03 | 株式会社山武 | Flame detection method and flame detection apparatus |
| US8635899B2 (en) * | 2009-07-15 | 2014-01-28 | Rosemount Analytical Inc. | Flame safety system for in SITU process analyzer |
| FR2959298B1 (en) * | 2010-04-23 | 2012-09-21 | Air Liquide | FLAME OVEN AND METHOD FOR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION IN A FLAME OVEN |
| CN101943396B (en) * | 2010-09-29 | 2012-05-23 | 神华集团有限责任公司 | Combustion control method and combustion control system of pulverized-fuel boiler |
| CN110470777B (en) * | 2019-08-05 | 2021-07-13 | 西安电子科技大学 | Trigger type energetic material combustion gaseous product collecting system and method |
| CN111207411B (en) * | 2020-01-15 | 2021-02-19 | 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 | Wall-mounted furnace and fire detection method thereof |
| CN113576014A (en) * | 2021-07-13 | 2021-11-02 | 上海烟草集团有限责任公司 | Non-contact type expansion digital-analog monitoring system and expanded cut tobacco production equipment |
-
1985
- 1985-04-01 CN CN85101184A patent/CN85101184B/en not_active Expired
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN85101184A (en) | 1987-01-10 |
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