CN2899130Y - Equalizing controller of series battery set - Google Patents
Equalizing controller of series battery set Download PDFInfo
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- CN2899130Y CN2899130Y CNU2005200269071U CN200520026907U CN2899130Y CN 2899130 Y CN2899130 Y CN 2899130Y CN U2005200269071 U CNU2005200269071 U CN U2005200269071U CN 200520026907 U CN200520026907 U CN 200520026907U CN 2899130 Y CN2899130 Y CN 2899130Y
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Abstract
The utility model relates to battery technical field, in particular to an equalizing controller of series battery set, wherein, each single battery includes a discharge loop and a feedback loop both coupled in with each other through a transformer. The technic proposal provided by the utility model overcomes the disadvantages of low efficiency of centralized equalizer method and low efficiency and complicated circuit of equalization among monomers through equalization of every two adjacent monomers, and brings into play the advantage of the changing from monomer to monomer equalization. In addition, the utility model also overcomes the disadvantages such as electric arc or electromagnetic interference easily occurring due to big instant current generated by turning on the switch in ofaying capacitance method and direct influence of switch contact voltagedrop on equalization effect.
Description
Technical field
The utility model belongs to the technical field of battery, particularly relates to series connection batteries balance controller.
Technical background
For enough voltage is provided to equipment, battery pack is in series by a plurality of batteries usually, if just but the capacity mismatch between the battery can influence the capacity of whole battery group.For this reason, we need carry out equilibrium to the battery of mismatch.
The lithium battery group is usually by one or several battery pack parallel connection, and each battery pack is made of 3 to 4 battery series connection.This compound mode can satisfy required voltage of notebook computer, Medical Devices, tester and commercial Application and power requirement simultaneously.Yet the general configuration of this application can not be brought into play its maximum effect usually, will not reduce the capacity of whole battery group because if the capacity of certain series-connected cell and other battery match.
The group that do not match of battery capacity is drawn together charged state (SOC) (battery SOC is recently represented with the percentage of current capacity and rated capacity usually) mismatch and capacity/energy (C/E) mismatch.In both cases, the total capacity of battery pack all can only reach the capacity in light current pond.Adopt battery balanced treatment technology can solve SOC and C/E mismatch problems, thereby improve the performance of serial lithium battery group.Can correct the battery mismatch problems by in the initial adjustment process battery being carried out equilibrium treatment, after this only need to carry out equilibrium in charging process and get final product, the C/E mismatch then must all be carried out equilibrium in the charge and discharge process.
Battery balanced definition:
1. if the capacity of all batteries is identical, just when their relative charged state is the same, realized battery balanced so.SOC represents recently with the percentage of current capacity and rated capacity that usually therefore, open circuit voltage (OCV) can be used as the criterion of SOC.If all batteries in unbalanced battery pack can reach full capacity (equilibrium point) by the difference charging, just they can discharge and recharge normally and need not any extra adjustment, common this adjustment is disposable.The user need ask usually battery is charged for a long time when using new battery, and in fact this process is organized and drawn together once complete putting-charge.This process makes load minimizes, and makes the battery charge time the longest, reduces the requirement to battery equalizing circuit.
2. if the capacity difference of battery thinks also that when SOC is identical they are balanced.But SOC is a relative value, and the absolute value of each battery capacity is different.For the SOC that makes the different battery of capacity is identical, all must use difference current when series-connected cell being discharged and recharged at every turn.The time ratio that normally discharges and recharges discharges and recharges shorter for the first time, and needs bigger electric current.When the battery in the battery pack is unbalanced, its active volume will reduce, and the battery that capacity is minimum in the series battery will determine the total capacity of battery pack.In unbalanced battery pack, one or several battery can just reach heap(ed) capacity when other battery is still needed charging.And when discharge, the battery of charging can not put electricity earlier than other battery again fully, and battery pack is stopped power supply in advance because of undertension.Usually, the difference of capacity is lower than 3% between the battery.If certain battery of serial lithium battery group is sub-standard, perhaps before encapsulation, placed for a long time, can reach 150mV being full of electricity back voltage difference, thereby make the total capacity decline 13-18% of battery pack.If the capacity of all batteries is identical in the SOC equilibrium treatment battery pack, just we adopt the SOC equilibrium treatment.We think that battery is balanced when the SOC of all batteries value is identical.
The charged state of single battery is defined as: SOC=C/CTOTAL%
The capacity of single battery is defined as: the C=(mAh of i * t)
In order to make them reach same SOC for the different battery charge of capacity, require the charge/discharge amount of some batteries must be more than other battery, this must use difference current.We are referred to as capacity/energy maximization with this process.
Also must be like this when battery power discharge, otherwise when the battery of capacity minimum reached shutoff voltage, whole battery group just can stop discharge, and this moment, other battery still had residual capacity, and total capacity is reduced.If things go on like this, the battery of capacity minimum just can be faster than other battery performance decline, will speed up capacity loss through all after dates of a plurality of charge/discharge.
The technical scheme of current popular has:
The equilibrium control and the management of power battery pack: realize the equilibrium control of monomer voltage, equalizer is the core component of battery management system, leaves equalizer,, also does nothing management that also just it doesn't matter even management system has obtained the battery pack measurement data.Along with the continuous development of electric vehicle engineering, the demand of battery pack balancing device is extremely urgent, existing many researchs, and external existing report, as German Kaiserse Lautern university, Japanese honda company etc., domestic technique is prematurity still.
Divide cutout and shunting by the mode that handle in the energy loop, cutout type equalizer refers on the basis that the monitoring monomer voltage changes, when satisfying certain condition, the charging of cell or load circuit are disconnected, form switch matrix by mechanical contact or electronic power parts, dynamically change the syndeton between the monomer in the battery pack, possible cutout parts have machinery, relay, semiconductor.Battery for electric automobile group power is very big, and transient current can reach hundreds of amperes and bipolarity changes, and is considering that feasibility, cost performance, practicality, reliability etc. are all multifactor, and the enforcement difficulty of cutout is very big.
The bypass type equalizer does not disconnect the work loop of battery, but increases a shunting device for every battery, resembles the battery companion, and both characteristics altogether are tending towards the cell characteristic of average quality in the battery pack.
Each cell is showed in the equilibrium of energy consumption type provides the parallel-current branch road, the cell of overtension is reached balanced purpose by the shunting transfer electrical energy, the device of realizing current branch can be a controllable resistor, or through current consuming apparatus such as energy converter drive air-conditioning, blower fans, its essence is that too high or too low terminal voltage appears in the way restriction cell by energy consumption, only be adapted at using in the static equilibrium, characteristics such as its high temperature rise have reduced system reliability, consumes energy can not be used in dynamic equalization.
Different with the energy consumption type, feedback type returns the deviation energy feeding between the monomer to some monomer in battery pack or the group by energy converter.In theory, when ignoring conversion efficiency, feedback is consumed energy not, can realize dynamic equalization.
The feedback type equalizer: the cell voltage equilibrium utilizes energy converter to realize that according to the principle and the art designs of high frequency switch power (SMPS), basic power circuit group is drawn together non-isolated inverse-excitation type, positive activation type, push-pull type, half-bridge, full-bridge etc.Small-capacity cells charges into less energy during charging, and shunt circuit absorbs electric energy, shunt circuit makeup energy during discharge, and energy converter should be realized two-way changing.Various in principle power circuits can be realized two-wayly through improving design, and simple proposal is with two power supplys, input with export alter-parallel, two circuit are controlled respectively.Because be subjected to the influence of the factors such as reliability of cost, volume and weight, long-term work, two-way single converter more has superiority than unidirectional pair of converter, is developing direction.
Divide charging, discharge and dynamic equalization by the equalization function characteristics.Charge balancing is in the charging process middle and later periods, and when monomer voltage met or exceeded cut-ff voltage, equalizing circuit was started working, and reduces the monomer electric current, is not higher than the charging cut-ff voltage in the hope of the restriction monomer voltage.Similar with charge balancing, equalization discharge is not less than default final discharging voltage by electric energy supplement restriction monomer voltage when the battery pack power output.The setting and the temperature of charging cut-ff voltage and final discharging voltage are relevant.Different with charging and equalization discharge, though dynamic equalization in Charging state, discharge attitude, still floating state can pass through the balance of monomer voltage in the method realization group of power conversion, keep close degree of charge in real time.
Unique function of charge balancing is to prevent to overcharge, and the negative effect that brings in discharge is used makes this equilibrium of use lose more than gain: when not adding charge balancing, the battery that capacity is little is to a certain degree overcharged, before any monomer was crossed and put in the group, battery pack output Ah quantity calculation was a little more than the monomer minimum capacity.When using charge balancing, small-capacity cells does not overcharge, and the electric weight that can emit slightly overcharges releasable electric energy less than without equalizer the time, makes that this cell is shorter discharge time, and it is just bigger to cross the possibility of putting.In addition, when electric machine controller is reduced to group voltage to a certain degree serve as that foundation reduces or when stopping power output, because high capacity cell is shown higher platform voltage because of charge balancing charges into more electric energy, flood and desalinated the electric voltage dropping of small-capacity cells, it is enough high that voltage is organized in appearance, and the low capacity monomer is through putting.
Equalization discharge is similar to the charge balancing situation, the big shallow abundance of capacity is put, low capacity abundance is excessively put, the result who quickens the variation of monomer performance otherness is identical, all can not form the product of real practicality, have only dynamic equalization to concentrate the advantage of two kinds of equilibriums, although initial capacity is variant between the monomer, but can guarantee the relative consistency that discharges and recharges the intensity and the degree of depth in the work, progressively reach common end of life.
According to the equalizer processes energy may flow to the unidirectional and bidirectional equalization of branch, two-way type is used reversible transducer, the input and output direction is dynamically adjusted.Comparatively speaking, two-way type has more advantage, considers based on balanced efficient, for the one-way type equalizer, uses and is applicable to equalization discharge Zi organizing the converter of high pressure to monomer low pressure, uses from monomer low pressure to the suitable charge balancing of the inverter of group high pressure.
State-of-the-art equalization scheme is from the monomer to the monomer, from the high pressure monomer directly energy conversion to the low pressure monomer, have best balanced efficient, realize that difficulty is also bigger.Press monomer amount of capacity ordering C1＞C2＞...＞Cn, n are the series connection amount of monomer, and average size is Ca=(C1+C2+ ... Cn)/n, if k monomer capacity is near mean value, be Ck=Ca, then the target of equalizing system is from C1, C2, Ck-1 takes out energy Cout=(C1+C2+ ... + Ck-1)-(k-1) Ca transfers to Ck+1, Ck+2,, Cn.Consider effciency of energy transfer d, the k value is moved after needing suitably.
When above-mentioned unidirectional and reversible transducer being connect after all windings of group voltage are merged into a winding, just obtain centralized converter shown in Figure 2, advantage is that converter cost and technical sophistication degree significantly reduce, major defect has: the low pressure winding is different with shape to the conductor length between each monomer, no-load voltage ratio is variant, and balancing error is big.On the other hand, the Wiring technique of the n+1 bar power conductor between converter and the battery pack is not easy design, and stretching and shearing to lead in the vehicle ' process bring hidden danger to safety.
Consider centralized middle low power and battery pack friction or the mobile occasion such as vehicle using motor of can be applicable to based on cost and balanced efficient.Balanced every the monomer methods of single capacitor cycle of a kind of use claims the flying capacitance method temporarily, also belongs to centralized.Characteristics are that equalization function is directly undertaken by capacitor charging/discharging, but on the switch moment firing current very big, be prone to electric arc or electromagnetic interference, the switch contact pressure drop directly influences portfolio effect.
It is balanced that a kind of balanced thinking allows the monomer of per two vicinities realize, and then reach the equilibrium between each monomer.Fig. 3 has listed 3 kinds of circuit forms, two-way Buck Boost converter utilizes inductance to pass can, two-way Cuk and switched capacitor network utilize electric capacity to pass can, there is problem of implementation, imagines a kind of situation, a space-number monomer between group mesohigh monomer and the low pressure monomer, derive energy from the high pressure monomer and give low pressure, need the converter of many utmost point connection to work simultaneously, the energy conversion efficiency that arrives the purpose monomer is extremely low, and extreme case and energy consumption code converter are approaching.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome the shortcoming of prior art, the purpose of this utility model provides a kind of dynamic equalizer that each cell state is kept in balance of being used in charged by series storage battery and discharge process, the series connection batteries balance controller that designs for the equilibrium that realizes from the monomer to the monomer.
In order to reach the purpose of this utility model, adopt following technical scheme: a kind of series connection batteries balance controller, it is characterized in that each cell all has a discharge loop and a feedback loop, discharge loop and feedback loop are coupled by transformer.
Described series connection batteries balance controller, the discharge loop that it is characterized in that each cell have separately electronic switch and coupling coil as the former limit of transformer; The public coupling coil L0 of the feedback loop of all cells switches to the cell that need replenish with electronic switch, realizes the dynamic equalization of monomer to monomer.
Described series connection batteries balance controller is characterized in that in 2 cell feedback loop of its most significant end a diode being arranged respectively, and diode cathode and anode link, and diode anode links to each other with public coupling coil L0; In 2 cell feedback loop of its low side a diode is arranged respectively, diode anode and battery cathode link, and diode cathode links to each other with public coupling coil L0.
Beneficial effect: the solution that the utility model provides has overcome the inefficient shortcoming of concentrated equalizer method, also overcome with the monomer of per two vicinities and realized the balanced shortcoming that method efficient is low, circuit is complicated such as equilibrium that realizes between each monomer, brought into play advantage from monomer to the monomer equilibrium, it is very big to have overcome on the flying capacitance method switch moment firing current again, be prone to electric arc or electromagnetic interference, the switch contact pressure drop directly influences shortcomings such as portfolio effect.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is that the Buck or unidirectional the difference with the signal of two-way type transformer configuration of Boost of prior art schemed.
Fig. 2 is the centralized transformer configuration schematic diagram of prior art.
Fig. 3 is the utmost point connection formula transformer configuration schematic diagram of prior art.
Fig. 4 is a series connection batteries balance controller structural representation of the present utility model.
Fig. 5 is a series connection batteries balance controller fundamental diagram of the present utility model.
Embodiment
Accompanying drawings series connection batteries of the present utility model balance controller structure, Fig. 4 is a series connection batteries balance controller structural representation of the present utility model.Fig. 5 is a series connection batteries balance controller fundamental diagram of the present utility model.
According to mentioned above, state-of-the-art equalization scheme is from the monomer to the monomer, from the high pressure monomer directly energy conversion to the low pressure monomer, have best balanced efficient, realize that difficulty is also bigger.
Of the present utility model promptly is for realizing that the equilibrium from the monomer to the monomer designs.Each monomer all has a discharge loop and a feedback way of escape in this design.Monomer during charging that capacity is little discharges, and feeds back to monomer capacious, makes monomer capacious charge into enough electric energy; With monomer discharge capacious, the monomer that the capacity that feeds back to is little is to replenish the deficiency of its capacity during discharge.
As shown in Figure 4, be example with battery cell BT2, its discharge loop is made of transformer coil L2 and transistor T 6, and discharge energy is coupled to pulse transformer secondary coil L0 by L2; The BT2 feedback loop is made of transistor T 2, D2 and L0.
If it is higher and battery cell BT3 is lower the time to record battery cell BT1 voltage in charging, then the BT1 capacity is less and the BT3 capacity is bigger, need feed back to BT3 by the electric energy that BT1 is unnecessary.At this moment need conducting with T3, the feedback loop of BT3 is connected, again T5 is connected a little time period Δ t, because the inductance effect of pulse transformer, according to Lenz's law, magnetic field stops electric current to increase induced potential, and the polarity of voltage of at this moment inducting is negative just down in L1 being, in L0 for negative on just down.In feedback loop, because of diode D1, D2, D3, D4 are reverse bias at this moment, there is not electric current in the feedback loop, discharge energy changes magnetic field energy into.When T5 disconnected, according to Lenz's law, magnetic field stoped electric current to reduce induced potential, and for down negative on just, negative just down in L0 being, L0 forms charge circuit to BT3 by T3, BT3, D3 to the polarity of voltage of at this moment inducting, and discharges magnetic field energy in L1.
If it is higher and battery cell BT3 is lower the time to record battery cell BT1 voltage in charging, then the BT3 capacity is less and the BT1 capacity is bigger, need the electric energy that BT1 is unnecessary feed back to BT3 and replenish its deficiency.Balancing procedure is consistent with when charging.Idle battery can be transferred to the battery cell that reaches the overdischarge critical value because of self discharge with monomer electric weight capacious with the way of equilibrium, to extend storage period, avoids damaging.
Transistor T 1～T8 among the figure can replace with other electronic switches, as MOSFET, IGBT etc.
The voltage of each cell can be by sending into single-chip microcomputer after the A/D conversion, and single-chip microcomputer basis again is that charging or discharge condition are determined balanced control strategy.Control the break-make of electronic switch by the single-chip microcomputer output signal.Can adopt the method for pulse-width modulation to control the size of transmitting energy, or adopt pulsewidth to fix and control impuls number or frequency are controlled the size of transmitting energy.
Balance controller provides power supply by controlled battery, is converted to single-chip microcomputer and the required stabilized power supply of peripheral circuit via DC-DC Switching Power Supply translation circuit.This solution is installed in single-chip microcomputer, A/D converter, electronic switch network and level shifting circuit, DC-DC Switching Power Supply translation circuit, transformer on one printed circuit board, drawn by the line that a binding post will be connected with battery pack, being connected to can the work (see figure 5) on the battery pack.The battery pack that the balance controller circuit board can be made a band equalization function as the parts and the battery pack of battery pack.
Claims (3)
1, a kind of series connection batteries balance controller, comprise: single-chip microcomputer, A/D converter, electronic switch network and level shifting circuit, DC-DC Switching Power Supply translation circuit, transformer are installed on the printed circuit board, lead-out wire by a binding post is connected on the battery pack, it is characterized in that each cell all has a discharge loop and a feedback loop, discharge loop and feedback loop are coupled by transformer.
2, series connection batteries balance controller according to claim 1, the discharge loop that it is characterized in that each cell have separately electronic switch and coupling coil as the former limit of transformer; The public coupling coil L0 of the feedback loop of all cells switches to the cell that need replenish with electronic switch, realizes the dynamic equalization of monomer to monomer.
3, series connection batteries balance controller according to claim 1, it is characterized in that in 2 cell feedback loop of its most significant end a diode being arranged respectively, diode cathode and anode link, and diode anode links to each other with public coupling coil L0; In 2 cell feedback loop of its low side a diode is arranged respectively, diode anode and battery cathode link, and diode cathode links to each other with public coupling coil L0.
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| CNU2005200269071U CN2899130Y (en) | 2005-08-03 | 2005-08-03 | Equalizing controller of series battery set |
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| CNU2005200269071U CN2899130Y (en) | 2005-08-03 | 2005-08-03 | Equalizing controller of series battery set |
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Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102208822A (en) * | 2010-03-29 | 2011-10-05 | 三洋电机株式会社 | Power supply device and vehicle provided with the same |
| CN103036256A (en) * | 2011-10-08 | 2013-04-10 | 上海锂曜能源科技有限公司 | Transformer scan chain type storage battery equalizing circuit and method |
| CN102035010B (en) * | 2009-09-29 | 2013-05-01 | 凹凸电子（武汉）有限公司 | Battery unit equalizing circuit and method |
| CN103779889A (en) * | 2013-11-06 | 2014-05-07 | 江苏华富储能新技术股份有限公司 | Equalization circuit for battery pack |
| CN103972965A (en) * | 2014-05-14 | 2014-08-06 | 广东国光电子有限公司 | Dynamic adjustment type battery pack active equalizing method |
| CN104393651A (en) * | 2014-12-03 | 2015-03-04 | 安徽贵博新能科技有限公司 | Bidirectional lossless active balance device |
| CN105206884A (en) * | 2013-12-03 | 2015-12-30 | 义乌市运拓光电科技有限公司 | Lithium battery |
| CN106026285A (en) * | 2016-07-06 | 2016-10-12 | 肖兴龙 | Battery equalizer formed by multi-winding transformer |
| CN110945731A (en) * | 2017-07-31 | 2020-03-31 | 埃伦贝格尔及珀恩斯根有限公司 | Method for detecting a fault arc during charging of a battery system |
-
2005
- 2005-08-03 CN CNU2005200269071U patent/CN2899130Y/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102035010B (en) * | 2009-09-29 | 2013-05-01 | 凹凸电子（武汉）有限公司 | Battery unit equalizing circuit and method |
| CN102208822A (en) * | 2010-03-29 | 2011-10-05 | 三洋电机株式会社 | Power supply device and vehicle provided with the same |
| CN103036256A (en) * | 2011-10-08 | 2013-04-10 | 上海锂曜能源科技有限公司 | Transformer scan chain type storage battery equalizing circuit and method |
| CN103779889A (en) * | 2013-11-06 | 2014-05-07 | 江苏华富储能新技术股份有限公司 | Equalization circuit for battery pack |
| CN105206884A (en) * | 2013-12-03 | 2015-12-30 | 义乌市运拓光电科技有限公司 | Lithium battery |
| CN105244552A (en) * | 2013-12-03 | 2016-01-13 | 义乌市运拓光电科技有限公司 | Lithium battery |
| CN103972965A (en) * | 2014-05-14 | 2014-08-06 | 广东国光电子有限公司 | Dynamic adjustment type battery pack active equalizing method |
| CN103972965B (en) * | 2014-05-14 | 2016-02-03 | 广东国光电子有限公司 | A kind of dynamic conditioning type battery pack active equalization method |
| CN104393651A (en) * | 2014-12-03 | 2015-03-04 | 安徽贵博新能科技有限公司 | Bidirectional lossless active balance device |
| CN106026285A (en) * | 2016-07-06 | 2016-10-12 | 肖兴龙 | Battery equalizer formed by multi-winding transformer |
| CN106026285B (en) * | 2016-07-06 | 2024-02-06 | 肖兴龙 | Battery equalizer composed of multi-winding transformer |
| CN110945731A (en) * | 2017-07-31 | 2020-03-31 | 埃伦贝格尔及珀恩斯根有限公司 | Method for detecting a fault arc during charging of a battery system |
| US11482850B2 (en) | 2017-07-31 | 2022-10-25 | Ellenberger & Poensgen Gmbh | Method for detecting accidental arcs during the charging of electrical battery systems |
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