CN2807139Y - Vacuum sawtooth type heat collector capable of automatically tracing sun - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to a vacuum sawtooth type heat collector capable of automatically tracing the sun, which is arranged on a wall under a balcony or a window to be used. The utility model mainly contains a heat absorber and a transparent container, wherein the heat absorber is arranged in the transparent container; the sunny surface of the transparent container is a sawtooth surface, the sawtooth surface is composed of a transparent plate of the sawtooth surface and the transparent container is composed of the transparent plate of the sawtooth surface and a vacuum shell. The utility model uses a vacuum heat insulation theory to obstruct the exchange of the heat energy of the heat absorber and the heat energy of an outside and uses a heat radiation separation film and a heat insulation layer to separate the exchange of the heat energy of the vacuum shell and the heat energy of the outside. Line shift is changed into angle shift by a universal rotator. The sun is automatically traced to enhance the heat efficiency of the heat collector. The utility model is the building integration heat collector which has the characteristics of no slope installation, high vacuum, no break, high cold resistance, simple installation, convenient maintenance, modularization, convenient package and convenient transportation. The heat collector can automatically empty and be manually emptied, so the use of the heat collector is not limited by regions. A person can conveniently scrub floating dust on the surface of the heat collector when the person stands beside a window.

Description

Vacuum sawtooth automatic track solar heat collector

(1) technical field:

The utility model relates to a kind of solar thermal collector.This heat collector is specially adapted to architecture-integral.Be installed on the wall of oneself balcony or window below and use.

(2) background technology:

At present the formation of vacuum collector is: a kind of liquid medium, scribbled the container pack of heat absorbing coating by a kind of surface, and constitute heat dump.Heat dump by a kind of container pack of printing opacity, constitutes heat collector.Air in two kinds of container interlayers is taken away, constituted vacuum collector.

Vacuum collector has two classes at present, and a class is the vacuum plate heat collection device, and what light transmission container adopted is plate glass, and transparent surface is the plane.Another kind of is vacuum glass tube heat collector, and what light transmission container adopted is glass tube, and transparent surface is a circular arc camber.

Present two class vacuum collectors all are not suitable for the wall facade.Reason is that the vacuum plate heat collection device can't be exempted from the gradient and is installed on the wall facade.Glass tube with vacuum constitutes flat plate collector, though can be in order to avoid the gradient be installed on the wall facade,, unexpected or artificially sudden thing, hail make the heat collector fragmentation, and fall and cause personal injury easily in the high-altitude.

" vacuum " two words have occupied the market more than 70% by vacuum glass tube heat collector.The problem that exists also is many.For example, long waterline can't apply heat-insulation layer in flue, no matter have or not tube emptying because the existence of cold water, cold pipe, all will be in the face of cold water during each water helpless.Nonetheless, the flue of " preciousness " does not hold several water pipes yet.The area of centerline that accounts for glass tube circular arc camber 1/10 is not reflective, and there be in various degree reflective in the area of circular arc camber 9/10.The high a lot of flat plate collector of unit are thermal efficiency ratio glass tube with vacuum does not but have market for a long time.Its reason is can not the system of effectively taking out " vacuum ".No matter which kind of heat collector will become the product that market is approved, all must be by " vacuum " this difficulty.

The patent No. be ZL02274634.X's " wall-hanging solar water heater ", just invented the new heat collector transparent surface of a class.Exempt from the gradient for heat collector and install and to have opened Yi Tiaolu, become and a kind ofly exempt from the solar thermal collector that the gradient is installed on the wall facade and also have a lot of problems.Influenced actual use.Because plate face self insufficient strength, make hollow after, exist, the swell phenomenon appears in heat collector during too high temperature of air, air themperature is crossed and is occurred flat case phenomenon, problems such as installation and maintenance inconvenience when low.Key point is that " vacuum " problem does not solve.

Existing heat collector can't solve poor, time difference in season to cause heat collector the gradient is installed or meets departing from of the light gradient.The incidence angle that departs from produces the light reflection.Eliminate the incidence angle deviation, have only usefulness " tracks sunlight automatically " to solve.

(3) summary of the invention:

In order to make the building maximum can utilize the wall facade in space to be utilized effectively, for the thermal efficiency of taking into account flat plate collector and the vacuum effectiveness of vacuum tube collector.It is a kind of that the utility model provides, vacuum sawtooth automatic track solar heat collector.Its core is a kind of novel vacuum collector.It is a kind ofly exempt from that the gradient is installed, not broken, high vacuum, anti-high and cold, high insulation, automatically tracks sunlight, high efficiency architecture-integral heat collector simple, easy to maintenance is installed.Have, modularization, packed and transported is convenient, the pipeline standard, reservation wall eye and waterline are simple when building a building, and the aging blocks subsequent installation is easy to characteristics.The automatic emptying of heat collector is sent the water of heat collector back to water storage tank, and manually emptying is used for special circumstances such as power failure.So freeze-proof is fine, make the use of heat collector not limited by the region.

The purpose of this utility model is achieved in that this heat collector consists predominantly of heat dump and light transmission container, heat dump is installed in the light transmission container, the surface on the sunny side of said light transmission container is a serrated face, said serrated face is to be made of the serrated face light-passing board, and said light transmission container is to be made of serrated face light-passing board and vacuum shell.

" vacuum " and " automatically tracks sunlight ", these two long-term insoluble problems, four particular problems of extending out: 1. vacuum supports and how to accomplish that contact area is little, the strong point is many, shuts out the light less, cold and hot conductibility is little.2. how to eliminate the change in size that organic light-passing board expands with heat and contract with cold and produces.When 3. how to solve the heat collector tracks sunlight, soft, hard water-supply-pipe all can't be followed the heat collector displacement.4. how to make heat collector have very strong wind loading rating, accomplish low cost, simple in structure, dependable performance.

This heat collector vacuum heat-insulation principle intercepts the heat energy of heat dump and the exchange in the external world.With the cold and hot exchange between heat-insulation layer partition vacuum shell and the atmosphere.With of the heat radiation of heat radiation barrier film blocking-up heat dump to vacuum shell.With the exumbrella of vacuum shell along solving heat collector wind loading rating and vacuum-tight reliability.Improve the thermal efficiency of heat collector with automatic tracks sunlight.With universal circulator displacement of the lines being transformed into angular displacement, is one of automatic tracks sunlight key of success.

The technical problems to be solved in the utility model:

1, the glass tube with vacuum flat plate collector is frangible, and it is dangerous to hang on the wall facade; 2, Various Seasonal and time, sunlight enters the incidence angle difference of heat collector, and the gradient of serrated face can't be taken into account the incidence angle in each period, produces the light reflection; 3, organic material constitutes light-passing board, and undercapacity is difficult to vacuumize; 4, material leaks slowly, and heat collector several years final vacuum degree descends; 5, after heat collector vacuum descended, the user was difficult in time finding; 6, extremely frigid zones freezes stifled back spalling heat collector; 7, present vacuum plate heat collection device heat insulating ability is not good enough; 8, light-passing board expands with heat and contract with cold, and bad heat collector expands; 9, the reliability of sealing around the sawtooth light-passing board; 10, the wind loading rating of heat collector; 11, the dynamic junction of universal circulator, dynamically insulation; 12, the bound temperature control mode is not suitable for the control of heat collector water temperature; 13, cold water pipe is drawn from heat collector below, and pipeline is bad and can't apply heat-insulation layer away from window intensity; 14, the heat collector high-altitude is installed and is safeguarded inconvenient.

The technical solution adopted in the utility model:

1, solves the technical scheme of heat collector fragmentation: with the organic light transmissive material that contains UV resistant technology, one-shot forming sawtooth light-passing board, substitute glass tube with vacuum, constitute in light weight, chip-proof vacuum sawtooth automatic track solar heat collector.

2, solve the technical scheme that season and time difference produce the light reflection: use heat collector to automatically track sunlight, compensation is because the solar angle deviation that season, difference produced.Automatically tracks sunlight mainly is made up of solar angle sensor, micro machine, suspension holdfast and several elevation angle displacement drive, universal circulator, it include make the heat collector day side the plane perpendicular to a certain arc track, one end of this arc track is perpendicular to the wall facade, and heat collector repeats to come and go the mechanism of displacement automatically along this arc track.Automatically tracks sunlight need solve following four problems:

1. solve soft, hard water-supply-pipe and can't follow the technical scheme of heat collector displacement: convert the displacement of the lines of waterline to angular displacement with universal circulator.Universal circulator be by, the water pipe of two butt joints, thin conduit are inserted in the thick water pipe, are provided with the pipe joint that can make up, decompose near an end of wall eye, said joint includes the connection and the leakage preventing mechanism of opposite spin relatively.

Because security needs, install and maintenance work must be in the at arm's length scope in window place.So all waterlines can not be away from window.If along serving as the axle rotation, hardwired water-supply-pipe can't be followed the heat collector displacement to heat collector with the base.If, though adopt the spring hose to follow,, the life-span is very short, bears the hydraulic pressure ability, and hose loses flexibility after applying insulation material, also can't follow the heat collector displacement.Have only, heat collector is the axle rotation with the upper edge, is equipped with universal circulator, is only feasible.

2. solve the technical scheme of solar angle sensor: the solar angle sensor is mounted on the heat collector, and said sensor is to be installed on the shade plate by several light-sensitive elements, is vertically mounted on the sunshading board institute five equilibrium on the shade plate.If the solar angle sensor is installed on windowsill or the wall, detection be absolute incidence angle, control complicated cost height.The solar angle sensor is installed on the heat collector, detection be the incidence angle deviation, it is low to control simple cost, reliable.

3. the axis that solves universal circulator and hang folding is point-blank technical scheme not: if not point-blank, just can't convert displacement of the lines to angular displacement.The way that solves is, the water-supply-pipe exit in the heat collector both sides, and each increases a Z type pipe joint.

4. solve heat collector repeats to come and go displacement automatically along arc track technical scheme: elevation angle displacement drive is by several fixing on several fixing on heat collector high strength foldings and suspension holdfast high strength foldings, make an edge of heat collector, straight line back and forth movement on threaded screw rod, spacing group of magnets is contained in the top of threaded screw rod.

Adopt two cover elevation angle displacement drive, the heat collector stability is good, and wind loading rating is strong.Because speed reducing ratio is very big, when driven wheel stops operating on threaded screw rod, need not locking mechanism, heat collector can not move with the wind yet.

3, solve organic material and constitute light-passing board, the technical scheme that undercapacity is difficult to vacuumize: the support usefulness of vacuum plate heat collection device is glass bar at present, and the material of fixing glass bar has blocked a certain amount of light.Support when too much, can occur the different cold and hot exchange phenomenon of degree between heat dump and the atmosphere.The quality that vacuum supports is the key point of heat collector.Below solve from two aspects:

1. strengthen the whole plate intensity of light-passing board self: be used to exempt from the sawtooth of the sawtooth light-passing board that the gradient installs, possessed the best three-legged structure of stability in the mechanics.Behind the organic light-passing board one-shot forming in the plane sawtooth light-passing board, whole plate intensity has improved hundred times.Also the vacuum for the some contact supports the condition of having created.

2. adopt high adiabatic, the low vacuum that is in the light to support: it is to be become with heat insulation grid groups of holders by the printing opacity net grid support that vacuum supports, wherein, said printing opacity net grid support is to constitute net grid support with organic light transmissive material, the side that this support contacts with heat dump, assembled the bar that heat-insulating material is made, wherein, said heat insulation net grid support is to make net grid support with heat-insulating material, and the support contact-making surface of said printing opacity net grid support and heat insulation net grid support all is the circular-arc of blade-like or projection.

Adopt net grid support, be because, can be processed into blade-like with supporting contact-making surface, and glass do less than.That the unit grids area of net grid support can be done is very little, and glass do less than.The coefficient of heat conduction of organic light transmissive material is little more a lot of than glass, and cold and hot exchange is also just little a lot of naturally.Heat insulating strip is very thin, and is close to the heat dump side, so it is atomic to shut out the light.It is in order to improve the hear resistance of organic light transmissive material that the printing opacity net grid support is equipped with heat insulating strip.Adopting the mode of inserting volume to make net grid support is that cost is low because technology is simple.Support contact-making surface and adopt the Points And lines way of contact, thermal insulation is better.Net grid support does not rupture under the external force effect, and glass bar supports easy fracture.With the polyurethane foam between alternative heat dump of adiabatic net grid support and the vacuum shell, be in order to improve thermal insulation.

4, solve the technical scheme that material leaks slowly: the material aspect can't solve slowly and leak, but can solve the side.In the time of can not dispatching from the factory because of bicycle, can't accomplish that tire leaks gas never, and be rejected use.Vacuum ftercompction mouth is set on heat collector, it is a kind of for a vacuum ftercompction mouth, can make up some roads sealing mechanism of decomposition at any time repeatedly, said some roads sealing is vertically to compress seal washer with the leakproof cover along the stud track, with elastic rubber tube unidirectional blocking aspirating hole.Reach and replenish vacuum pressure simply, conveniently, rapidly.

5, solve heat collector vacuum and descend after, the user is difficult for the technical scheme in time found: the vacuum sensor simple, reliable, that the life-span is long is set on heat collector, converts pressure to the signal of telecommunication, offer electronic acoustooptic and report to the police.Make the user find in time whether vacuum descends.Vacuum sensor it include electronic switch, the housing of the sealing of the pressure change that can follow vacuum room and deformation, said housing is to make with bellows or bending metals pipe.Said electronic switch is to constitute with magnet and Hall element.

6, solve heat collector and freeze stifled technical scheme: solving to freeze to block up has three kinds of approach: 1. improve frost resistance, promptly heat collector freezes in the stifled process repeatedly, and heat collector can be by bursting by freezing.2. improve freeze-proof,, prevent that the water temperature of heat collector is down to zero following promptly with ways such as electrical heating.3. improve freexing tolerance, promptly improve the heat insulating ability of heat collector or the pondage of increasing heat collector, it is stifled that heat collector is not frozen within a certain period of time.

Analyze frost resistance: the order that freezes of control heat collector internal water, still in heat collector, establish freezing expansion absorption device, what be to use also that the material with retractility makes heat collector easily freezes the position.This approach exists, complex process, high easy the wearing out of elastomeric material cost.Even if frost resistance reaches a standard, heat collector can be by bursting by freezing.The water of emptying has not increased the quality of energy storage.The cryogenic energy that store night will be offset effective heat energy of equivalent on daytime.

Analyze heat insulating ability: improve the heat insulating ability of heat collector or strengthen the pondage of heat collector, be have circumscribed.Can't resist contingency, can't know promptly how many minimum temperatures of each cold current is, can't know the bottom line that to break through heat insulating ability.Reasons such as current material kind and price are restricted the raising heat insulating ability.

As can be seen, improve freeze-proof after comprehensive the comparison, economical and practical, simple and reliable.According to different regions, choose concrete scheme, 1. the mode with the automatic local heating of tubing pump prevents the accidental cold current bursting by freezing heat collector that arrives.2. with the automatic emptying mode of heat collector, the assurance long-term work is not frozen stifled phenomenon at the heat collector that freezes under the stifled temperature.The automatic emptying of heat collector is by water pump during with the whole suction water storage tank of the water in the heat collector, the closed electromagnetic valve at high water level place, and air enters heat collector from the inlet duct on the aqueduct.

Dual mode all has manual emptying.Manually emptying is used for power failure, water pump fault, maintenance.Be with power saving, safety with upper type than ribbon heater, electricity companion.There are not the power failure mistaken ideas.

The reliability of the antifreeze sensor of sharing is the mode that contacts with measured medium.Antifreeze sensor is to be connected on the circulating water pipe with hollow bolt or hollow nut, and temperature sensor repeatably is placed in the water of circulating water pipe.

7, solve the present not good enough technical scheme of vacuum plate heat collection device heat insulating ability: around the opening of vacuum shell, be provided with the exumbrella edge of certain width, said vacuum shell, the inboard is equipped with the heat radiation barrier film, and the outside is equipped with heat-insulation layer.Block the heat radiation of heat dump with the heat radiation barrier film, though simple, effective.With the polyurethane foam of the alternative vacuum support of heat insulation net grid support cheaply, purpose is that the raising thermal insulation reduces cost.Polyurethane foam moves on to the vacuum shell outside, and its supporting role reverts to insulation effect, and its heat insulating ability is not fully exerted.The heat collector heat insulating ability and the ratio of performance to price have been improved.

At present, the vacuum plate heat collection device is at the heat dump shady face, supports as vacuum with polyurethane foam.Polyurethane foam is in vacuum layer, and heat insulating ability does not obtain performance.Under the situation of large tracts of land Long contact time, heat conductivity is that significantly the temperature difference is big more obvious more.

Influence another reason of heat insulating ability, heat dump is unsettled in vacuum shell, have certain fixingly and is connected, produces hard connection when two circulating water pipes of heat dump are drawn in vacuum shell.When especially welding, its cold and hot conduction is tangible.

8, solve light-passing board and expand with heat and contract with cold, the technical scheme of the bad heat collector that expands: the coefficient of expansion of organic light transmissive material is big more a lot of than metal, generally speaking, must reserve the expansion space all around.Reserve the expansion space and make structure and process complications.The size that expands is very easily destroyed vacuum seal.The way that solves is to absorb the change in size of vertical direction with the sawtooth of sawtooth light-passing board.Absorb the change in size of horizontal direction with the semicircle bending of sawtooth light-passing board both sides projection.

9, solve the sawtooth light-passing board technical scheme of sealing reliability all around:

Structural relation all around is to vacuum-packed reliability.Make the exumbrella edge that forms a certain width all around of vacuum shell opening.Fluid sealant acts on exumbrella along on this big plane, because contact area is big, has improved adhesive force, distortion power, the shearing force of glue relatively.

10, solve the technical scheme of heat collector wind loading rating: the sheet material of vacuum shell can not very thick situation under, reasonable structure is extremely important.Be related to safe coefficient, wind loading rating, service life.Be used for the axle and the axle sleeve of automatic tracks sunlight, if decompose on the side and suspension holdfast of heat collector, because application point is concentrated, the action direction of power is bad, can make vacuum shell deformation.It is complicated that heat collector is installed, inconvenient maintenance.

The mode that adopts axle and axle sleeve to concentrate, promptly adopting axle and axle sleeve is the high strength folding of one, and it is separately fixed on four angles on exumbrella edge, fixes with the porous of high strength folding, disperses the pulling force to vacuum shell exumbrella edge, is simple and effective way.

11, solve the dynamic junction of universal circulator, dynamically the technical scheme of insulation:

With insulation material universal circulator is wrapped up, the insulation material laterally disconnects at the seam crossing that dynamically connects of universal circulator, at its gap wear-resisting, sealing mechanism is set.

12, solve the bound temperature control mode and be not suitable for heat collector coolant controlled technical scheme:, substitute the control of bound temperature with the control of the self-adapting type temperature difference.The control of the self-adapting type temperature difference, the temperature of the similar control water that when the river rises the boat goes up.It is bad can not sunlight to occur, and water temperature does not reach the higher limit of setting, and tubing pump does not change.Water temperature can not occur and surpass the higher limit of setting, tubing pump changes a phenomenon of not stopping.

13, the cold water pipe that solves the heat collector below is away from window, and pipeline intensity is bad and can't apply the technical scheme of heat-insulation layer: heat dump is the temperature difference of utilizing water, and heat is collected in self-loopa.So the heat dump circulating water pipe must be hot-water line last, cold water pipe is down, water temperature could circulate.Installment work must be to stand in the at arm's length scope of window.Constraints has determined that the cold water pipe of the flat plate collector that only changes all is the convention of drawing from the below, and two water pipes are drawn from the top of heat collector both sides respectively.

14, solve the technical scheme that install in the heat collector high-altitude and maintenance is inconvenient: will hang fixed mechanism and separate with heat collector.Two circulating water pipes place of registering one's residence adopts pipe joint to connect.Accomplish to install simple.

Maintenance is adopted and not to be dismantled suspension holdfast, simply with heat collector with after suspension holdfast separates, just can be with heat collector by the way of entering house.

The utlity model has following advantage:

The △ heat collector can not smashed by unexpected or artificially sudden thing, hail, has exempted the suffering of falling and hurt sb.'s feelings in the high-altitude.

The △ heat collector can be realized architecture-integral in order to avoid the gradient is installed on the wall facade.

△ heat collector to automatically track sunlight has improved the thermal efficiency of heat collector.

The vacuum of △ heat collector is fine.The acrylic plate that 2mm is thick is made the sawtooth light-passing board, and after printing opacity supported in various degree, vacuum can reach 0.05Mpa to 0.1Mpa.

The characteristics that the △ vacuum supports are that the support contact area is little, the strong point is intensive, shut out the light less, thermal insulation is good, support good heat resistance.Wherein the support contact area of each strong point only is 0.1mm ²The printing opacity net grid support also has the effect that suppresses residual air convection current in the vacuum interlayer.Because the residual air convection current is the one of the main reasons that influences heat insulating ability in the vacuum interlayer.

△ thermal collector freezing prevention and freexing tolerance are fine.The automatic emptying of heat collector mechanism makes heat collector can not freeze stifled phenomenon at any extremely frigid zones.Manually emptying is not had a power failure and the puzzlement of fault.

△ sawtooth light-passing board has the change in size that very strong elimination is expanded with heat and contract with cold and produced, and has guaranteed vacuum-packed reliability.

The △ heat collector has the discharge of approximate pressure-bearing type, and when having non-bearing type to cut off the water again, the water of water tank can be supplied urgency, and water consumption is flexible, water-saving, and price is low, characteristics such as life-span length.

When the △ water storage tank is installed in balcony or general house type, just can self-loopa without circulating pump.Be installed on special house type or certain reason waterline when not staying the gradient, the available pipe pump is attached to help circulation.Adopt the control of the self-adapting type temperature difference, it is few to consume effective electric energy, the pipe special pump of 50W, and power consumption in every month is 9 maos only.

The thermal losses of △ waterline is very little.Outdoor waterline length overall 0.5m.Any position of indoor, outdoor circulation water-supply-pipe can add heat-insulation layer easily.

The △ heat collector is with after water storage tank separates, and water storage tank is little in indoor thermal losses.Winter, obvious especially.

△ heat collector thermal efficiency height starts fast.It has the vacuum effectiveness of vacuum glass heat collector, has the high characteristics of the flat plate collector thermal efficiency again.

The △ heat collector has vacuum undervoltage warning and vacuum ftercompction function.Can be at any time, flexibly, conveniently, simple vacuum ftercompction.As the bicycle tonifying Qi.

The △ heat collector has very strong wind loading rating, is difficult for deformation.

The △ collector moduleization is convenient to packing and transportation and product seriation.The connected mode of heat collector circulating water pipe exit adopts the indented style internal thread to connect.The heat collector outward appearance is regular cuboid.

The △ heat collector is installed simple, easy to maintenance.Volume is 1.2m * 0.7m * 8cm, and weight only about 20 kilograms, stands in indoor window place and just can install and keep in repair.

The △ heat collector is not subjected to the invasion of blast, heavy snow, hail, dust.Be not placed on the roof, just can not damage the waterproof of roof.Can not cause top layer resident's tired sense and destroy purposely.Open the window and to remove the floating ash on sawtooth light-passing board surface, guarantee the collecting efficiency of heat collector.Heat collector is installed in oneself window outside, and relation is independent, and is economical independent, meets the will of the people.Solar building integrated is the inevitable direction of domestic and international solar energy development.

(4) description of drawings:

Figure (1): vacuum sawtooth automatic track solar heat collector, (A-A) heat collector, (B-B) vacuum ftercompction mouth, solar angle sensor, vacuum sensor, (C-C) universal circulator, antifreeze sensor, (D-D) printing opacity net grid support, (E-E) elevation angle displacement drive, (101) circulating water temperature sensor, (102) interior link, (103) suspension holdfast, (104) expand with heat and contract with cold and absorb watt, (105) driven wheel, (106) reduction box, (107) power transmission shaft connector, (108) power transmission shaft, (109) micro machine.

Figure (2): (A-A) heat collector, (201) sealing Ornamental grip, (202) hang folding; (203) containment vessel, (204) heat-insulation layer, (205) vacuum shell; (206) heat radiation barrier film, (207) heat insulation net grid support, (208) heat dump; (209) light transmission strip, (210) dovetail light transmission strip, (211) adiabatic bar; (212) sawtooth light-passing board; (213) vacuum room, (214) support folding, (215) displacement folding.

Figure (3): (B-B) vacuum ftercompction mouth, solar angle sensor, vacuum sensor, (F-F) vacuum ftercompction mouth, (G-G) solar angle sensor, (H-H) vacuum sensor.

Figure (4): (F-F) vacuum ftercompction mouth, (401) leakproof locking cover, (402) leakproof cover, (403) elastic rubber tube, (404) aspirating hole, (405) seal washer, (406) leakproof locking bed, (407) seal washer.

Figure (5): (G-G) solar angle sensor, (501) sunshading board, (502) light-sensitive element, (503) shade plate.

Figure (6): (H-H) vacuum sensor, (601) deformation air chamber, (602) housing, (603) magnet, (604) Hall element.

Figure (7): (C-C) antifreeze sensor, universal circulator, (I-I) antifreeze sensor, (J-J) universal circulator.

Figure (8): (I-I) antifreeze sensor, (801) temperature sensor lead, (802) temperature sensor, (803) seal washer, (804) sealing bolt.

Figure (9): (J-J) universal circulator, (901) ceramic ring, (902) circulator shell, (903) circulator inner casing, (904) leakproof seal circle, (905) spacing wear washer, (906) slip wear washer, (907) pipe joint.

Figure (10): (D-D) printing opacity net grid support, (1001) light transmission strip, (1002) dovetail light transmission strip, (1003) heat insulating strip.

Figure (11): (E-E) elevation angle displacement drive, (1101) sleeve pipe lock nut, (1102) displacement sleeve pipe, (1103) Hall element, (1104) magnet, (1105) threaded screw rod, (1106) driven wheel, (1107) reduction box, (1108) power transmission shaft connector, (1109) power transmission shaft.

Figure (12): forced circulation, shower supercharging, emptying automatically, manually emptying, (1201) magnetic valve, (1202) check catch, (1203) tubing pump, (1204) hand-operated valve, (1205) magnetic valve, (1206) tubing pump.

(5) specific embodiment:

Reference diagram (1), figure (2), vacuum sawtooth automatic track solar heat collector, mainly by heat dump (208), sawtooth light-passing board (212), vacuum shell (205), printing opacity net grid support (D-D), heat insulation net grid support (207), heat radiation barrier film (206), heat-insulation layer (204), vacuum ftercompction mouth (F-F), solar angle sensor (G-G), vacuum sensor (H-H), elevation angle displacement drive (E-E), antifreeze sensor (I-I), universal circulator (J-J), pipe joint (907) hangs folding (202), supports folding (214), displacement folding (215), micro machine (109) is formed.

Solve the specific embodiment of heat collector fragmentation:

Reference diagram (1), figure (2), sawtooth light-passing board (212) is with organic material one-shot formings such as acryl or Merlon.One-time formed sawtooth light-passing board (212) forms the umbrella edge on a plane all around.Umbrella is consistent along width with the exumbrella of vacuum shell (205) along width.Four angles on exumbrella edge have the fixing hole that hangs folding (202) and displacement folding (215).

Solve the specific embodiment of automatic tracks sunlight:

Automatically tracks sunlight need solve following four problems:

1. the concrete embodiment of universal circulator:

Reference diagram (1), figure (7), figure (9), universal circulator (J-J) in antifreeze sensor, the universal circulator (C-C) be by, ceramic ring (901), circulator shell (902), circulator inner casing (903), leakproof seal circle (904), spacing wear washer (905), slip wear washer (906), pipe joint (907) is formed.Ceramic ring (901) is used for making joint relatively instead to prevent to rotation, and makes not outer the overflowing of water in the pipe.Leakproof seal circle (904) is used for making the water in the water-supply-pipe not overflow between circulator shell (902), circulator inner casing (903) and ceramic ring (901).Spacing wear washer (905) squeezes bad leakproof seal circle (904) when being used for preventing to assemble.One end of circulator shell (902) is a flange plate structure, hole on the slip wear washer (906) and ring flange correspondence.Circulator shell (902) and circulator inner casing (903) connect as one by slip wear washer (906).And can relatively instead prevent to rotation.Pipe joint (907) is used for being easy to install and maintain,

2. the solar angle sensor specific embodiment:

Reference diagram (1), figure (3), figure (5), the solar angle sensor (G-G) in vacuum ftercompction mouth, solar angle sensor, the vacuum sensor (B-B) they are by, sunshading board (501), light-sensitive element (502), and shade plate (503) is formed.The sunshading board (501) that four light-sensitive elements (502) on the shade plate (503) are vertically mounted on the shade plate (503) is separated into two parts.Sunshading board (501) adopts non-light transmissive material to make.Two light-sensitive elements of every side (502) are in order to adopt the surplus control mode.The reliability of sensor can be higher like this.Shade plate (503) meet the light gradient and sawtooth light-passing board (212) to meet the light gradient consistent.

3. the axis of universal circulator and suspension folding is transferred to the specific embodiment on the straight line:

Reference diagram (1), figure (7), the water-supply-pipe exit in the heat collector both sides, each increases a Z type pipe joint.Effect is the height that the axis of universal circulator (J-J) is lifted to suspension folding axis.

4. the specific embodiment of elevation angle displacement drive:

Reference diagram (1), figure (2), figure (11), elevation angle displacement drive (E-E) is symmetrical two covers.Right side one cover be by, sleeve pipe lock nut (1101), displacement sleeve pipe (1102), Hall element (1103), magnet (1104), threaded screw rod (1105), driven wheel (1106), reduction box (1107), power transmission shaft connector (1108), power transmission shaft (1109) is formed.Left side one cover mainly is by, driven wheel (105), reduction box (106), and power transmission shaft connector (107), power transmission shaft (108) is formed.The heat collector elevation angle is adjusted angle and is controlled in 30 degree.After having the displacement sleeve pipe (1102) and driven wheel (1106) riveting of internal thread or being welded into one, displacement folding (215) is combined into one by sleeve pipe lock nut (1101).Hall element (1103) and magnet (1104) constitute spacing electronic switch.0.24W micro machine (109) (being equivalent to the power of toy motor), adopt twin shaft output.Soft power transmission shaft (1109) is passed to reduction box (1107) by power transmission shaft connector (1108) with power, power after the deceleration is passed to driven wheel (1106), driven wheel (1106) drives displacement folding (215) and upward moves at threaded screw rod (1105), makes heat collector (A-A) tracks sunlight automatically.Adopting the benefit of single Electric Machine Control is that control principle is simple.Can not occur bi-motor asynchronous or one of them when breaking down, two driven wheels are one in front and one in back turned round bad heat collector.

Solve organic material and constitute light-passing board, the specific embodiment that undercapacity is difficult to vacuumize:

Reference diagram (1), figure (2), figure (10), the printing opacity net grid support (D-D) during vacuum supports are by, light transmission strip (1001), dovetail light transmission strip (1002), and heat insulating strip (1003) is formed.(1001) and (209) be to stand in the light transmission strip that different angles are seen.(1002) and (210) be to stand in the dovetail light transmission strip that different angles are seen.(1003) and (211) be to stand in the adiabatic bar that different angles are seen.What light transmission strip (1001) and dovetail light transmission strip (1002) adopted is, use for a long time in-40 ℃ to+120 ℃ temperature ranges Celsius can not cause that the Merlon of quality badnesses such as distortion or higher polyvinyl fluoride, the tetrafluoroethene of temperature tolerance make.It is in order to reduce to support contact area, it to be bonded on the dovetail groove of dovetail light transmission strip (1002) that heat insulating strip (1003) is made cylindric with hard paper material.Have the gap of several corresponding 1/2 degree of depth on light transmission strip (1001) and the dovetail light transmission strip (1002), gap is inserted gap and is weaved into net grid support.The crown of sawtooth light-passing board projection with support contact-making surface be the light transmission strip (1001) of blade-like report to the leadship after accomplishing a task contact after, every some support contact area is 0.1mm ²Columned heat insulating strip (1003) forms good line contact with after heat dump (208) contacts.Heat insulation net grid support (207) during vacuum supports is to be compiled into latticedly with hardboard, is supported on the shady face of heat dump (208).

Printing opacity net grid support (D-D) also has the effect that suppresses residual air convection current in the vacuum interlayer.Because the residual air convection current is the one of the main reasons that influences heat insulating ability in the vacuum interlayer.

Solve the specific embodiment that material leaks slowly:

Reference diagram (1), figure (3), figure (4), vacuum ftercompction mouth (F-F) in vacuum ftercompction mouth, solar angle sensor, the vacuum sensor (B-B) be by, leakproof locking cover (401), leakproof cover (402), elastic rubber tube (403), aspirating hole (404), seal washer (405), leakproof locking bed (406), seal washer (407) is formed.When tightening the leakproof locking cover (401) with internal thread, when leakproof locking cover (401) compressed seal washer (407), leakproof cover (402) was locked in leakproof under the promotion of cover (401), vertical crush seal packing ring (405).What leakproof locking bed (406) was airtight is fixed on the vacuum shell (205).Four studs at leakproof locking bed (406) middle part are that leakproof cover (402) can only be moved along the stud orbital direction, can not rotatablely move.Seal washer (405) can not turned round bad like this.Elastic rubber tube (403) wraps on the aspirating hole (404), blocks the sebific duct that aspirating hole (404) is located, be subjected to-the chip-proof situation of 0.1Mpa pressure under, Bao Yuehao more.Thin sebific duct is in order to reduce the unlatching resistance of aspirating hole (404), to reduce the air pressure loss to the vacuum suction tube.

The mouth of the manual vacuum pump bowl of diameter 30mm length 150mm is screwed on the external screw thread of leakproof locking bed (406), exhaust vacuum after, take off the vacuum suction tube, build leakproof cover (402), tighten leakproof locking cover (401), the vacuum system of taking out is promptly accused and is finished.

Solve the specific embodiment of vacuum sensor:

Reference diagram (1), figure (2), figure (3), figure (6), vacuum sensor (H-H) in vacuum ftercompction mouth, solar angle sensor, the vacuum sensor (B-B) be by, deformation air chamber (601), housing (602), magnet (603), Hall element (604) is formed.Magnet (603) and Hall element (604) constitute electronic switch.Electronic switch is controlled by the deformation of deformation air chamber (601).What housing (602) was airtight is fixed on the vacuum shell (205).The metal deformation dynamics of deformation air chamber (601) will and the pressure of vacuum room (213) coupling.

Solve the specific embodiment of freeze-proof:

Automatic local heating of tubing pump or the automatic emptying of heat collector all are made up of antifreeze sensor and tubing pump.

1. the specific embodiment of antifreeze sensor:

Reference diagram (1), figure (7), figure (8), the antifreeze sensor (I-I) in antifreeze sensor, the universal circulator (C-C) they are by, temperature sensor lead (801), temperature sensor (802), and seal washer (803), sealing bolt (804) is formed.Temperature sensor lead (801) pass on the sealing bolt (804) be used to through hole after, its hole blocks with fluid sealant.Seal washer (803) is that the water in preventing to manage is excessive.Sealing bolt (804) is that water temperature is minimum herein, assembling and maintenance most convenient with the reason that temperature sensor (802) is placed on this position.Directly put into tested water, the test error minimum, followability is best.

2. the specific embodiment of the automatic local heating of tubing pump:

Reference diagram (1), figure (8), figure (12), the course of work is that antifreeze sensor (I-I) records the zero degree water temperature, magnetic valve (1205) is kept opening state, tubing pump (1206) starts about clock more than a minute, and ducted frozen water is removed, and the substitute is the hot water in the storage tank.

During shower, start the special switch of tubing pump (1206), magnetic valve (1205) becomes closed condition by opening, and shower nozzle hydraulic pressure strengthens.Close tubing pump (1206), magnetic valve (1205) recovers opening state.

3. the specific embodiment of the automatic emptying of heat collector:

Reference diagram (1), figure (8), figure (12), the course of work is, antifreeze sensor (I-I) records the zero degree water temperature, tubing pump (1203) starts, magnetic valve (1201) becomes closed condition by opening, and magnetic valve (1205) is kept opening state, and air enters heat collector from check catch (1202) smoothly, tubing pump (1203) starts about two to three minutes, until the water of emptying heat collector.Check catch (1202) is the breather cheek valve that prevents that heat runs off.On daytime, sunlight makes the residual water vaporization in the heat collector, and temperature sensor (802) is higher than zero degree rapidly, and magnetic valve (1201) is opened, and heat collector is filled with water automatically and entered the thermal-arrest state.Tubing pump (1203) and (1206) will be selected the little pipe special pump of quiescent flow bottleneck effect for use.

Manually emptying is to utilize siphonage with the automatic emptying of the water in the heat collector.After heat collector was installed, its bottom was higher than flooring 20cm, and hand-operated valve (1204) is lower than the bottom of heat collector.Be with than ribbon heater, electricity companion with upper type, power saving, there are not the power failure mistaken ideas in safety.

Solve the not good enough specific embodiment of present vacuum plate heat collection device heat insulating ability:

Reference diagram (2), improve heat-insulating property and be by, containment vessel (203), heat-insulation layer (204), vacuum shell (205), heat radiation barrier film (206) are formed.Containment vessel (203) prevents that heat-insulation layer (204) is damaged.Heat-insulation layer (204) is bonded on the vacuum shell (205) with foamed polystyrene one-shot forming cheaply.The temperature of vacuum shell can not make foamed polystyrene meet thermal contraction.Vacuum shell (205) is made with iron plate or galvanized iron sheet cheaply, because vacuum shell (205) inboard is vacuum room (213), the outside is heat-insulation layer (204), the iron plate contact both sides not rain and snow, so can corrosion.Heat radiation barrier film (206) is that aluminium plastic membrane or other reflectorized material are made.

The solution light-passing board expands with heat and contract with cold, the specific embodiment of the bad heat collector that expands:

Reference diagram (1), figure (2), sawtooth light-passing board (212) vertical direction has some sawtooth.Horizontal direction has two absorptions watt (104) of expanding with heat and contract with cold, and shape is the semi-circular bending of projection.All be enough to the size that absorbing expands from the angle and the number of bending.Along with the rising of temperature, the toughness of sheet material is also strengthening.So endurance is fine.

Solve the sawtooth light-passing board specific embodiment of sealing reliability all around:

Reference diagram (2), the space that the thickness of heat-insulation layer (204) has stayed the exumbrella edge for vacuum shell (205), exumbrella is along decorating and protected heat-insulation layer (204) again conversely.Take into account the reasonability of the needs and heat-insulation layer (204) thickness of folding installation dimension.The exumbrella edge of sawtooth light-passing board (212) and vacuum shell (205), optimum size is 25mm to 30mm.Sealing Ornamental grip (201) is to make with stainless steel or ageing-resistant organic material.

Solve the specific embodiment of heat collector wind loading rating:

Reference diagram (1), figure (2), the intensity that hangs folding (202) and displacement folding (215) is very high, the edge of folding is near the root on vacuum shell (205) exumbrella edge, when wind affacts on the heat collector, external force is by on vertical four facades that affact vacuum shell (205) of folding place and on the suspension holdfast (103).Under suction function, heat dump (208) supports with sawtooth light-passing board (212) and vacuum shell (205) by front and back and forms one.Four edges of heat dump (208) act on the root of vacuum shell (205) again.Because the intensity of heat dump (208) is very high, sawtooth light-passing board (212) can not twist under the effect of wind-force.Four angles of heat collector all have frame for movement to connect, and do not have unsettled phenomenon, and stability is very good.So wind loading rating is very strong.

The top and bottom of heat dump (208) respectively link to each other with vacuum shell (205) by two interior links (102), form to hang folding (202) to the direct vertical tension of heat dump (208).The deadweight of heat collector can not make vacuum shell (205) deformation.

Solve the dynamic junction of universal circulator, dynamically the specific embodiment of insulation:

Reference diagram (1), figure (9), universal circulator (J-J) is serially connected in the waterline.With the profile of universal circulator (J-J) internal diameter as heat-insulation layer, with the semi-tubular heat-insulation layer of foamed polystyrene one-shot forming, about pipe thickness 30mm, (J-J) wraps with universal circulator, surface bundle layer protecting film.Heat-insulation layer is located horizontal disconnection at slip wear washer (906), sets up two wear washers at gap, and two wear washers are bonded into one with the insulation material of homonymy respectively.Two wear washers closely contact, and are when realizing relative opposite spin, light, wear-resisting, stuffy.

The cold water pipe that solves the heat collector below is away from window, and pipeline intensity is bad and can't apply the concrete of heat-insulation layer

Embodiment:

Reference diagram (1), figure (2), the cold water pipe of heat dump (208) upwards draws from vacuum room (213), at collection

Draw the top of hot device (A-A) side.Exit with internal thread is welded on the vacuum shell (205).After the improvement, kept heat dump (208) circulating water pipe characteristics one on the other, also having satisfied can not be away from this constraints of window, and pipeline intensity has improved, and installs simple.The easiest outdoor position of freezing is a cold water pipe, and after the improvement, outdoor water-supply-pipe length overall is 0.5m only.

Solve the specific embodiment that install in the heat collector high-altitude and maintenance is inconvenient:

Reference diagram (1), figure (2), figure (9), suspension holdfast (103) is two of symmetry, and several holes is arranged on it, the below of support is fixed with supports folding (214).The wall eye that two circulation water-supply-pipes are registered one's residence is beaten wall and at the moment can not run into collar tie beam between the floor near window, also can not be subjected to stopping of heating installation.Two PPR circulating water pipe places of registering one's residence adopt pipe joint (907) to connect, and have made things convenient for the installation and removal of heat collector (A-A).During maintenance, as long as unclamp two pipe joints (907) at window place, take off the connecting bolt that hangs folding (202) and suspension holdfast (103), after heat collector upwards lifts 45cm, the lock nut on threaded screw rod (1105) top has just entered the at arm's length window banging scope of installation personnel, takes off the lock nut on threaded screw rod (1105) top.Heat collector (A-A) just can be taken and enter house.

Improve the little specific embodiment of non-bearing type solar water heater's discharge:

The non-bearing type solar water heater, the drop of water is limited., after limited flow flow through present ceramic cartridge formula hot-water valve, discharge had lost 2/3.Improved way is that hot-water valve adopts special-purpose heavy caliber ceramic cartridge.After adopting special-purpose heavy caliber ceramic cartridge, actual flow is minimum to be reached more than the 0.41m3/h.After the mixed water valve of shower nozzle adopted special-purpose heavy caliber ceramic cartridge, discharge was acceptable.

Several thermal-arrest processes and the points for attention of heat collector:

Reference diagram (12), if water storage tank is installed in balcony or general house type, circulating water pipe is reserved 15 degree with upgrade.Just capable of self-circulating without tubing pump.

If special house type or certain reason pipeline can not be reserved the gradient, then use tubing pump (1206) auxiliary circulation.Reach the setting temperature approach when circulating water temperature sensor (101) records the heat collector water temperature, tubing pump (1206) starts.When circulating water temperature sensor (101) records the heat collector water temperature when identical with the water storage tank water temperature, tubing pump (1206) shuts down.Started once sunshine 10 hour every day in 15 minutes, and each 2 minutes, the pipe special pump of 50W, power consumption in every month 2 degree, only 9 maos.

Heat collector is when the thermal-arrest state, and water injection rate will surpass more than 1/2 of water storage tank capacity, and promptly water level will surpass the height of two circulation water-supply-pipes, and the water at heat collector and water storage tank two places could get up in convection current.

Overcast and rainy, when using electric heater, water injection rate is the amount doesn't matter.Because electric heater is in the bottom of water storage tank.Water storage tank is easy to install simple and easy effective pipeline exhausting device indoor, does not have cold water, cool pipe, accomplishes real once having opened hot water.

Claims (10)

1, a kind of vacuum sawtooth automatic track solar heat collector, mainly by heat dump (208), sawtooth light-passing board (212), vacuum shell (205), printing opacity net grid support (D-D), heat insulation net grid support (207), heat radiation barrier film (206), heat-insulation layer (204), vacuum ftercompction mouth (F-F), solar angle sensor (G-G), vacuum sensor (H-H), elevation angle displacement drive (E-E), antifreeze sensor (I-I), universal circulator (J-J), pipe joint (907) hangs folding (202), supports folding (214), displacement folding (215), suspension holdfast (103), micro machine (109) is formed, and it is characterized in that said heat collector consists predominantly of heat dump (208) and light transmission container, heat dump (208) is installed in the light transmission container, the surface on the sunny side of said light transmission container is a serrated face, and said serrated face is to be made of sawtooth light-passing board (212), and said light transmission container is to be made of sawtooth light-passing board (212) and vacuum shell (205).

2, according to the described vacuum sawtooth automatic track solar heat collector of claim [1], it mainly is made up of solar angle sensor (G-G), micro machine (109), suspension holdfast (103) and several elevation angle displacement drive (E-E), universal circulator (J-J) to it is characterized in that said automatic tracks sunlight, it include make heat collector (A-A) day side the plane perpendicular to a certain arc track, one end of this arc track is perpendicular to the wall facade, and heat collector (A-A) repeats to come and go the mechanism of displacement automatically along this arc track.

3, according to the described vacuum sawtooth automatic track solar heat collector of claim [1], it is a kind of to it is characterized in that said vacuum ftercompction mouth (F-F), can make up some roads sealing mechanism of decomposition at any time repeatedly, said some roads sealing is vertically to compress seal washer (405) with leakproof cover (402) along the stud track, with elastic rubber tube (403) unidirectional blocking aspirating hole (404), elastic rubber tube (403) adopts the heat resistant rubber of good springiness to make.

4, according to the described vacuum sawtooth automatic track solar heat collector of claim [1], it includes electronic switch, can follow the pressure change of vacuum room (213) and the housing (602) of the sealing of deformation to it is characterized in that said vacuum sensor (H-H), and said housing (602) is to make with bellows or bending metals pipe.Said electronic switch is to constitute with magnet (603) and Hall element (604).

5, according to the described vacuum sawtooth automatic track solar heat collector of claim [1], it is characterized in that said vacuum supports it and is made up of printing opacity net grid support (D-D) and heat insulation net grid support (207), wherein, said printing opacity net grid support (D-D) is to constitute net grid support with organic light transmissive material, the side that this support contacts with heat dump (208), assembled the bar that heat-insulating material is made, wherein, said heat insulation net grid support (207) is to make net grid support with heat-insulating material, and the support contact-making surface of said printing opacity net grid support (D-D) and heat insulation net grid support (207) all is the circular-arc of blade-like or projection.

6, according to the described vacuum sawtooth automatic track solar heat collector of claim [1], it is characterized in that said antifreeze sensor (I-I) is to be connected on the circulating water pipe with hollow bolt or hollow nut, repeatably is placed in the water of circulating water pipe temperature sensor (802).

7, according to the described vacuum sawtooth automatic track solar heat collector of claim [1], it is characterized in that the opening of said vacuum shell (205) is provided with the exumbrella edge of certain width all around, said vacuum shell (205), the inboard is equipped with heat radiation barrier film (206), and the outside is equipped with heat-insulation layer (204).

8, according to claim [1] or [2] described vacuum sawtooth automatic track solar heat collector, it is characterized in that said solar angle sensor (G-G) is mounted on the heat collector (A-A), said sensor is to be installed on the shade plate (503) by several light-sensitive elements (502), is vertically mounted on sunshading board (501) the institute five equilibrium on the shade plate (503).

9, according to claim [1] or [2] described vacuum sawtooth automatic track solar heat collector, it is characterized in that said universal circulator (J-J) be by, the water pipe of two butt joints, thin conduit is inserted in the thick water pipe, end near the wall eye is provided with the pipe joint (907) that can make up, decompose, and said joint includes the connection and the leakage preventing mechanism of opposite spin relatively.

10, according to claim [1] or [2] described vacuum sawtooth automatic track solar heat collector, it is characterized in that the automatic emptying of said heat collector is by water pump during with the whole suction water storage tank of the water in the heat collector, the magnetic valve at high water level place (1201) cuts out, and air enters heat collector (A-A) from the inlet duct on the aqueduct.

Images