CN2781652Y - Diversity antenna for MIMO radio communication base station - Google Patents
Diversity antenna for MIMO radio communication base station Download PDFInfo
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- CN2781652Y CN2781652Y CN 200420060430 CN200420060430U CN2781652Y CN 2781652 Y CN2781652 Y CN 2781652Y CN 200420060430 CN200420060430 CN 200420060430 CN 200420060430 U CN200420060430 U CN 200420060430U CN 2781652 Y CN2781652 Y CN 2781652Y
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Abstract
The utility model provides a diversity antenna for a multiple-input multiple-output wireless communication base station. The basic proposal of the utility model is composed of a support stand of the antenna, at least three pairs of directed antennas (or directed aerial arrays) which are distributed at the periphery of a supporting pole of the support stand of the antenna, etc. On the basis of the basic proposal, various improvement proposals of the utility model can be formed by an electromagnetic scattering body which is additionally arranged near the antenna, or a metal reflection surface which is arranged on the top end of the antenna, or common reflectors around the antenna, or by using switch aerial arrays to replace all the directed antennas. The utility model has the characteristics of low spatial correlation, simple structure, simple manufacture, etc., and can be widely used for wireless communication so as to obtain the benefits of the space diversity, the angle diversity or the polarization diversity of radio wave propagation. The utility model can be used for sending or receiving space-time codes, or used for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) wireless communication systems.
Description
Technical field
The utility model belongs to radio communication diversity antenna technical field, and it is particularly related to multiple-input, multiple-output (MIMO) radio communication base station diversity antenna technology.
Background technology
Because radio communication develops rapidly, its number of users increases day by day, data service constantly increases, further improving current wireless capability of communication system and quality is the urgent task that communication work person faces, conventional single-shot list is received the demand that system can't satisfy the super large power system capacity, must seek new technical scheme.Multiple-input, multiple-output (MIMO) technology is one and utilizes multiple radio communication new technology of penetrating with multiple receive antenna, its data streams is separated into the multichannel sub data flow, after modulation, launch simultaneously through different antennas with identical frequency, beyond-the-horizon communication by wireless channel, these parallel sub-streams may arrive receiver by different paths, received by different reception antennas, receiver can merge the incoming wave signal and recover original data stream.Utilize this technology, wireless system can obtain spatial multiplexing gain and diversity gain, and its efficient parallel data pipe has improved the capacity of mimo system.Traditional radio communication theory is considered as multipath transmisstion causing a kind of interference of wireless signal decline always, and the MIMO technology sends simultaneously and receives by adopting many antennas, can make full use of multipath transmisstion, just as on original frequency range, having set up a plurality of non-interfering, parallel subchannels, and the advanced multiuser detection of utilization, simultaneously transmit user data accurately and efficiently, thereby significantly improve the capacity and the quality of Radio Link.Therefore, the MIMO technology is the important channel of realizing the wireless communication system high-speed transfer.
Wireless propagation environment is a scattering environments that is rich in multipath, when electromagnetic wave is propagated in wireless channel, the signal copy mutual superposition of many propagation paths of one side, it is indefinite to cause received signal to rise and fall, i.e. multipath fading, on the other hand, the polarised direction of transmitting signal may be because reflection or scattering twist, cause arriving the polarization of electromagnetic wave of reception antenna and the polarised direction of reception antenna does not match, the signal fluctuation on each polarised direction is indefinite, i.e. polarization mismatch decline.
The jumbo acquisition of mimo system with fading signal uncorrelated or low relevant be prerequisite, promptly require wireless communications environment to have abundant electromagnetic scattering body and many antenna distances enough big.Around the user terminal of wireless mobile communications, there is more scattering object, this makes that the expansion of radio magnetic wave signal angle is bigger, only need the antenna distance of less (less than a wavelength) just to be enough to obtain lower correlation, but for setting up pinnacled radio communication base station, scattering object rareness around it, the expansion of incoming wave signal angle is very limited.In order to obtain diversity preferably, the adjacent array element distance of many antennas must be enough big.In a single day radio communication base station sets up and finishes, with regard to basic fixed, and can randomly changing unlike portable terminal, but incoming wave may be at random arbitrarily angled from azimuth plane, therefore require the antenna for base station of design can cover whole azimuth plane.Secondly, compare with terminal antenna, the design of antenna for base station is relative with cost requirement looser to volume, weight, but power bearing capacity, wind resistance hail and anti-sleet etc. are had higher requirements.Therefore, the radio communication new technology has proposed bigger challenge to the design of many antennas, must adopt new layout method and design.The many Antenna Design in mimo wireless communication system base station are improper, may cause obvious increase of transmitting power or transmission range significantly to shorten, and can not get antenna diversity gain and channel multiplexing gain, even the damage electronic equipment.
At the United States Patent (USP) 6 of authorizing people such as Smith, 426, among 723 B1 " antenna arrangement of MIMO communication system " (Antenna arrangement for multiple input multiple output communications systems), the antenna arrangement of the disclosed MIMO of being used for communication system only is suitable for large-scale terminal, is unsuitable for the antenna for base station design of MIMO communication system.In authorizing the Chinese patent CN 1411158A of the former Shang Zi of plum etc. " diversity antenna and use its Wireless Telecom Equipment ", not have to consider that the antenna for base station that is used for the MIMO communication system designs.In the Chinese patent CN 1444413A " adaptive antenna base station apparatus " that authorizes the brilliant people of grade on the bank, disclosed a kind of adaptive antenna base station apparatus is unsuitable for the diversity reception and the transmission of Technique of Wireless MIMO Channel.In the Chinese patent CN2560107Y " dual polarization wave beam forming antenna for base station " that authorizes people such as Bu Antao, disclosed a kind of dual polarization wave beam forming antenna for base station also is unsuitable for the antenna for base station design of mimo wireless communication system.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this utility model provides a kind of multiple-input, multiple-output, and (be called for short: MIMO) radio communication base station diversity antenna arrangement, it has, and spatial coherence is low, function admirable, simple in structure and be easy to characteristics such as making.
For convenience, we at first are defined as follows used term.
Shared reflector: refer to that around the firmware of antenna assembly support bar arrangement it can be the cylinder with metal surface, the metallic plate etc. that intersects.
Feeder equipment: refer to be used for the device of antenna active cell feed, it can be coaxial cable, parallel wire or microstrip line etc.
Electromagnetic scattering body: refer to electromagnetic wave is had the metallic object of scattering process, as Metallic rod, metal cylinder, metallic reflection face etc.
Oriented antenna: refer to that far-field pattern has the certain party tropism but not the antenna (or array) of omnidirectional.
Sub-array antenna: refer to that as the relatively independent antenna element of the part of multi-antenna array it constitutes a sub-antenna system.
Switch aerial array: refer to that it can be the Yagi antenna that director has electronic switch by the oriented antenna of switch control can change antenna pattern.
A kind of multiple-input, multiple-output that the utility model provides (be called for short: MIMO) radio communication base station diversity antenna arrangement, it comprises basic scheme and improvement project, described basic scheme has following two:
First kind of basic scheme:
A kind of MIMO radio communication base station diversity antenna, it comprises antenna holder 1, Module of aerial 2, it is characterized in that it also comprises along the orientation to being distributed in Module of aerial 2 three secondary oriented antennas 3 on every side at least, as shown in Figure 1, described oriented antenna 3 comprises at least one antenna active cell 4, as shown in Figure 2, described antenna active cell 4 is connected to its corresponding transmitter (for transmission antenna device) or corresponding receiver (for receiving antenna device) by feeder equipment, and the distance between the described oriented antenna 3 (the antenna active cell 4 with oriented antenna 3 is a reference point) is greater than the wavelength of the centre frequency correspondence of half oriented antenna 3.
Second kind of basic scheme:
A kind of MIMO radio communication base station diversity antenna, it comprises antenna holder 1, Module of aerial 2, it is characterized in that it also comprises along the orientation to being distributed in the Module of aerial 2 oriented aerial array 5 of three covers on every side at least, as shown in Figure 4, described oriented aerial array 5, as shown in Figure 5, comprise along pitching at least two secondary oriented antennas of arranging 3, be not less than the wavelength of the centre frequency correspondence of half oriented antenna 3 along the distance of pitching between the adjacent oriented antenna of arranging 3, described oriented antenna 3 comprises at least one antenna active cell 4, as shown in Figure 2, this antenna active cell 4 is connected to its corresponding transmitter (for transmission antenna device) or corresponding receiver (for receiving antenna device) by feeder equipment, and the distance between the described oriented aerial array 5 (the antenna active cell 4 with oriented aerial array 5 is a reference point) is greater than the wavelength of the centre frequency correspondence of half oriented antenna 3.
Described improvement project comprises following 15 kinds:
First kind of improvement project:
It is that the oriented antenna 3 in first kind of basic scheme or the second kind of basic scheme is replaced with switch aerial array 6, as shown in Figure 6.
Second kind of improvement project:
It is that a metallic reflection face 7 is set up on the top of the Module of aerial 2 in first kind of basic scheme or second kind of basic scheme, shown in Fig. 8 and 9.
The third improvement project:
It is to add a shared reflector 8 in first kind of basic scheme or second kind of basic scheme, described shared reflector 8 be centered around Module of aerial 2 around, and be fixed on the Module of aerial 2, as shown in figure 10.
The 4th kind of improvement project:
It is to add a plurality of electromagnetic scattering bodies 9 that add in first kind of basic scheme or second kind of basic scheme, described electromagnetic scattering body 9 be positioned at oriented antenna 3 around, as shown in figure 11.
The 5th kind of improvement project:
It is that a metallic reflection face 7 is set up on the top of the Module of aerial 2 that adds in first kind of improvement project, shown in Fig. 8 and 9.
The 6th kind of improvement project:
It is to add a shared reflector 8 in first kind of improvement project, described shared reflector 8 be centered around Module of aerial 2 around, and be fixed on the Module of aerial 2, as shown in figure 10.
The 7th kind of improvement project:
It is to add a plurality of electromagnetic scattering bodies 9 that add in first kind of improvement project, described electromagnetic scattering body 9 be positioned at oriented antenna 3 around, as shown in figure 11.
The 8th kind of improvement project:
It is to add a shared reflector 8 in second kind of improvement project, described shared reflector 8 be centered around Module of aerial 2 around, and be fixed on the Module of aerial 2, as shown in figure 10.
The 9th kind of improvement project:
It is to add a plurality of electromagnetic scattering bodies 9 that add in second kind of improvement project, described electromagnetic scattering body 9 be positioned at oriented antenna 3 around, as shown in figure 11.
The tenth kind of improvement project:
It is to add a plurality of electromagnetic scattering bodies 9 that add in the third improvement project, described electromagnetic scattering body 9 be positioned at oriented antenna 3 around, as shown in figure 11.
The 11 kind of improvement project:
It is that a metallic reflection face 7 is set up on the top of the Module of aerial 2 in first kind of improvement project, shown in Fig. 8 and 9, and add a shared reflector 8, described shared reflector 8 be centered around Module of aerial 2 around, and be fixed on the Module of aerial 2, as shown in figure 10.
The 12 kind of improvement project:
It is that a metallic reflection face 7 is set up on the top of the Module of aerial 2 in first kind of improvement project, shown in Fig. 8 and 9, and adds a plurality of electromagnetic scattering bodies 9 that add, described electromagnetic scattering body 9 be positioned at oriented antenna 3 around, as shown in figure 11.
The 13 kind of improvement project:
It is to add a shared reflector 8 in first kind of improvement project, described shared reflector 8 be centered around Module of aerial 2 around, and be fixed on the Module of aerial 2, as shown in figure 10, and add an electromagnetic scattering body 9 that adds, described electromagnetic scattering body 9 be positioned at oriented antenna 3 around, as shown in figure 11.
The 14 kind of improvement project:
It is to add a shared reflector 8 in second kind of improvement project, described shared reflector 8 be centered around Module of aerial 2 around, and be fixed on the Module of aerial 2, as shown in figure 10, and add a plurality of electromagnetic scattering bodies 9 that add, described electromagnetic scattering body 9 be positioned at oriented antenna 3 around, as shown in figure 11.
The 15 kind of improvement project:
It is that a metallic reflection face 7 is set up on the top of the Module of aerial 2 in first kind of improvement project, shown in Fig. 8 and 9, and add a shared reflector 8, described shared reflector 8 be centered around Module of aerial 2 around, and be fixed on the Module of aerial 2, as shown in figure 10, and add a plurality of electromagnetic scattering bodies 9 that add, described electromagnetic scattering body 9 be positioned at oriented antenna 3 around, as shown in figure 11.
Need to prove:
In the MIMO radio communication base station diversity antenna assembly that the utility model provides, described antenna holder 1 is used for the supporting antenna device with antenna holder support bar 2.
The Yagi antenna (or array) that described oriented antenna 3 can be basic perpendicular polarization, printing Yagi antenna (or array) or printed subarray antenna (or array), oriented antenna 3 (or oriented aerial array 5, or switch aerial array 6) level interval is at least half of wavelength of the centre frequency correspondence of antenna assembly work, oriented antenna 3 (or oriented aerial array 5, or switch aerial array 6) parasitic element can serve as the electromagnetic scattering body of antenna assembly, help spread signal respectively, reduce the spatial coherence between the sub-array antenna signal.Whole oriented antennas 3 (or oriented aerial array 5) can cover whole azimuth plane.
Described switch aerial array 6 adopts the sensing of the dynamic control antenna subarray of electronic switch, and each sub-array antenna can cover whole azimuth plane, this signal strength signal intensity that makes each diversity branch receive is almost suitable, can obtain good space diversity and angle diversity effect.
Described metallic reflection face 7 circular cone or the truncated cone-shaped of being processed as preferably that are erected at the antenna assembly top; can increase the effective aperture of multi-antenna arrangement or the intercepting and capturing area of received signal; and protection antenna assembly (rain and snow etc.); also have spread signal in spatial distributions, reduce the function of spatial coherence.
Described shared reflector 8 around Module of aerial 2 can be metal cylinder, intersection metallic plate or other metal structures, this shared reflector one side is as the shared reflector of each oriented antenna 3, spatially separate each oriented antenna 3 on the other hand, play the effect that reduces spatial coherence.
The described electromagnetic scattering body 9 that adds is the nearer tiny metallic objects of some distance oriented antennas 3 (or oriented aerial array 5), they are not electrically connected with ground, its surface can induce electric current, electromagnetic wave had scattering process, but can not influence the electrical characteristics of antenna (or array) self substantially, help the distribution of extended wireless signal in the space, and to the phase place of its additional random, further reduce its spatial coherence, also can increase performances such as antiwind resistance.
The MIMO radio communication base station diversity antenna that the utility model provides, its each sub-array antenna can cover whole azimuth plane, can obtain good space diversity and angle diversity effect, satisfy the antenna for base station designing requirement of mimo wireless communication system, and compact conformation, easy to process, be applicable to that radio communication is to obtain radio wave propagation space diversity, angle diversity or polarization diversity benefit, be applicable to that radio communication to carry out the Space Time Coding emission or to receive, is applicable to multiple-input, multiple-output (MIMO) wireless communication system.
First kind of basic scheme that we provide, as shown in Figure 1, distance between its oriented antenna 3 is enough big, there be not blocking of shared reflector 8, the parasitic element 42 of oriented antenna 3 serves as the electromagnetic scattering body, can spread signal in spatial distributions, reduce spatial coherence, whole oriented antennas 3 can cover whole azimuth plane, can obtain good space diversity and angle diversity effect, satisfy the antenna for base station designing requirement of mimo wireless communication system, and compact conformation, easy to process, with low cost.
Second kind of basic scheme that we provide, as shown in Figure 4, its oriented aerial array 5 has higher gain and better receives and emitting performance (such as can be in pitching to forming square cosecant directional diagram) in pitching after group battle array, there be not blocking of shared reflector 8, the passive element array 42 of oriented aerial array 5 is served as the electromagnetic scattering body, can spread signal in spatial distributions, reduce spatial coherence, all sub-array antenna can cover whole azimuth plane, can obtain good space diversity and angle diversity effect, satisfy the antenna for base station designing requirement of mimo wireless communication system, and compact conformation, easy to process, can increase performances such as antiwind resistance.
First kind of basic scheme and second kind of basic scheme that we provide are the most basic scheme forms, can do some on its basis and improve, and have just constituted following MIMO radio communication base station diversity antenna improvement project:
First kind of improvement project, its oriented antenna 3 adopts switch aerial array 6, as shown in Figure 6, distance between the switch aerial array 6 is enough big, there be not blocking of shared reflector 8, the parasitic element of switch aerial array 6 serves as the electromagnetic scattering body, can spread signal in spatial distributions, reduce spatial coherence, each sub-array antenna can cover whole azimuth plane, the signal strength signal intensity that each diversity branch receives is almost suitable, can obtain good space diversity and angle diversity effect, satisfies the antenna for base station designing requirement of mimo wireless communication system.
Second kind of improvement project; the tip shelf of its Module of aerial 2 is provided with a metallic reflection face 7; shown in Fig. 8 and 9, its circular cone or truncated cone-shaped of being processed as preferably can increase the effective aperture of multiaerial system or the intercepting and capturing area and the protection antenna assembly (rain and snow etc.) of received signal.The spacing of the oriented antenna 3 in this diversity antenna arrangement is enough big, there be not blocking of shared reflector 8, the intercepting and capturing area of the effective aperture of antenna assembly or received signal is big, the parasitic element of oriented antenna 3 serves as the electromagnetic scattering body, can spread signal in spatial distributions, reduce spatial coherence, whole oriented antennas 3 can cover whole azimuth plane, can obtain good space diversity and angle diversity effect, satisfy the antenna for base station designing requirement of mimo wireless communication system.
The third improvement project, it comprises that is centered around Module of aerial 2 shared reflector 8 on every side, as shown in figure 10, shared reflector 8 adopts metal cylinder, intersection metallic plate or other metal structures, this shared reflector one side is as the shared reflector of each oriented antenna 3, spatially separate each oriented antenna 3 on the other hand, play the effect that reduces spatial coherence, can obtain good space diversity and angle diversity effect, satisfy the antenna for base station designing requirement of mimo wireless communication system.
The 4th kind of improvement project, it comprises a plurality of electromagnetic scattering bodies 9 that add, described electromagnetic scattering body 9 be positioned at oriented antenna 3 around, as shown in figure 11, they are the nearer tiny metallic objects of the oriented antenna of some distances 3, they are not electrically connected with ground, its surface can induce electric current, electromagnetic wave had scattering process, but can not influence the electrical characteristics of antenna (or array) self substantially, the electromagnetic scattering body that adds helps the distribution of extended wireless signal in the space, and, further reducing its spatial coherence to the phase place of its additional random, whole oriented antennas 3 can cover whole azimuth plane, can obtain good space diversity and angle diversity effect, satisfy the antenna for base station designing requirement of mimo wireless communication system.
The 5th kind of improvement project～the 15 kind of improvement project has two in following at least four kinds of features:
(1) described oriented antenna 3 adopts switch aerial array 6, as shown in Figure 6;
(2) tip shelf of Module of aerial 2 is provided with a metallic reflection face 7, shown in Fig. 8 and 9;
(3) has the shared reflector 8 that is centered around around the Module of aerial 2, as shown in figure 10;
(4) have a plurality of electromagnetic scattering bodies 9 that add on every side that are positioned at oriented antenna 3, as shown in figure 11.
Therefore, these MIMO radio communication base station diversity antenna scheme have pairing characteristics respectively, whole oriented antennas 3 (or oriented aerial array 5, or switch aerial array 6) can cover whole azimuth plane, can obtain good space diversity and angle diversity effect, satisfy the antenna for base station designing requirement of mimo wireless communication system, and compact conformation, easy to process, with low cost, be applicable to that radio communication is to obtain the radio wave propagation space diversity, angle diversity or polarization diversity benefit are applicable to that radio communication to carry out the Space Time Coding emission or to receive, is applicable to multiple-input, multiple-output (MIMO) wireless communication system.
The utlity model has following beneficial effect:
(1). shared reflector can spatially be separated each sub-array antenna, and keeps the antenna device arrangement compactness.
(2). the spatial coherence between sub-array antenna is little, can obtain tangible space diversity effect.
(3). the antenna device arrangement symmetry, the directional diagram of sub-array antenna can be automatically controlled, can obtain tangible angle diversity effect.
(4). passive element array is served as the electromagnetic scattering body, to the further decorrelation of wireless signal, antenna system function admirable.
(5). add the electromagnetic scattering body, help the distribution of extended wireless signal in the space, further reduce its spatial coherence.
(6). the metallic reflection face on aerial array top can increase the effective aperture of multi-antenna arrangement or the intercepting and capturing area of received signal.
(7). the metallic reflection face on aerial array top can reflect reception or transmit, to the further decorrelation of wireless signal, antenna system function admirable.
(8). the metallic reflection face on aerial array top can be protected antenna assembly (rain and snow etc.).
(9). passive element array, add electromagnetic scattering body and aerial array top the metallic reflection surface construction a local multi-path environment, on the one hand make the signal strength signal intensity of diversity branch almost suitable, reduce the signal space correlation on the other hand, diversity is remarkable.
(10). need not special processing technology and material, be easy to processing and manufacturing, with low cost.
(11). the antenna element volume is little, and is simple in structure, and impedance matching is easy, and debugging is convenient.
(12). the realization means are flexible, and are workable, and the common engineers and technicians in this area are easy to grasp and implement.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 be the oriented antenna of fourth officer that provides of the utility model along the orientation to the vertical view that is evenly distributed on the multi-antenna arrangement that constitutes around the Module of aerial
Wherein, the 1st, antenna holder, the 2nd, Module of aerial, the 3rd, oriented antenna, x and y are reference axis;
Fig. 2 is the vertical view of existing five unit Yagi antennas
Wherein, the 4th, active cell, the 40th, the support of oriented antenna 3, the 41st, passive reflector element, the 42nd, passive dricetor element;
Fig. 3 is the end view of existing five unit Yagi antennas
Wherein, the 43rd, the feed of active cell, the same Fig. 2 of other labels;
Fig. 4 be the oriented aerial array of quadruplet provided by the invention along the orientation to the vertical view that is evenly distributed on the multi-antenna arrangement that constitutes around the Module of aerial
Wherein, the 1st, antenna holder, the 2nd, Module of aerial, 5 is the oriented aerial arrays of a cover, x and y are reference axis;
Fig. 5 is provided by the invention by the end view of four unit Yagi antennas at a cover oriented aerial array 5 of pitching in Fig. 4 that arrangement constitutes
Wherein, the 3rd, as four unit Yagi antennas of oriented antenna;
Fig. 6 be employing fourth officer switch aerial array provided by the invention as oriented aerial array and along the orientation to the vertical view that is evenly distributed on the multi-antenna arrangement that constitutes around the Module of aerial
Wherein, the 6th, as the switch aerial array of oriented aerial array, the same Fig. 1 of other labels;
Fig. 7 is the end view of the switch aerial array as the secondary oriented aerial array 6 among Fig. 6 provided by the invention
Wherein, the 4th, the antenna active cell, the 42nd, but passive switch element;
Fig. 8 be the oriented antenna of fourth officer provided by the invention along the orientation to the vertical view that is evenly distributed on around the Module of aerial and sets up the multi-antenna arrangement that a metallic reflection face constitutes at supporting bar top
Wherein, the 7th, the metallic reflection face that sets up on the Module of aerial top, the same Fig. 1 of other labels;
Fig. 9 is the schematic side view of Fig. 8
Wherein, same Fig. 8 of label;
Figure 10 is that the oriented antenna of fourth officer provided by the invention also centers on the vertical view that Module of aerial is fixed the multi-antenna arrangement of a shared reflector formation along the orientation around being evenly distributed on Module of aerial
Wherein, the 8th, around and be fixed on shared solid metal reflector on the Module of aerial 2, the same Fig. 1 of other labels;
Figure 11 be the oriented antenna of fourth officer provided by the invention along the orientation to being evenly distributed on around the Module of aerial and placing a plurality of vertical views that add the multi-antenna arrangement that constitutes behind the electromagnetic scattering body near the oriented antenna
Wherein, the 9th, be placed near a plurality of electromagnetic scattering bodies that add the oriented antenna 3, the same Fig. 1 of other labels;
Figure 12 is the far field two-dimensional directional figure of the secondary Yagi antenna among Figure 10
Wherein, θ represents the angle of pitch;
Figure 13 is a vertical view of the cylinder shared reflector 8 among Figure 10 being changed into the multi-antenna arrangement of square crossing metallic plate
Wherein, the 81st, around and be fixed on square crossing metallic plate reflector on the Module of aerial 2, the same Figure 10 of other labels;
Figure 14 is the far field two-dimensional directional figure of a secondary Yagi antenna among Figure 13
Wherein, same Figure 12 of label;
Figure 15 is the H face far-field pattern of a secondary quaternary Yagi antenna among Fig. 1
Wherein, the numeral orientation on the circumference to angle;
Figure 16 is the E face far-field pattern of a secondary quaternary Yagi antenna among Fig. 1
Wherein, the numeral pitching on the circumference to angle;
Figure 17 is the scattered field at surface induction electric current active cell place of oriented antenna on+y axle of antenna assembly shown in Figure 11 each electromagnetic scattering body (containing passive element array) when the relative x axle of incident wave is 0 degree normal incidence
Wherein, transverse axis is represented the active cell angulation of oriented antenna on electromagnetic scattering body and the+y axle, and the longitudinal axis is represented the scattering electric field value, the 10th, the field intensity value is lower than+the y axle on the graticule of the maximum received field strength 10dB in active cell place of oriented antenna;
The scattered field at the surface induction electric current of Figure 18 each electromagnetic scattering body (containing passive element array) that is antenna assembly shown in Figure 11 when the relative x axle 10 degree oblique incidences of incident wave active cell place of oriented antenna on+y axle
Wherein, same Figure 17 of the meaning of transverse axis, the longitudinal axis and graticule;
Figure 19 is a normalized radiation pattern test result of overlapping the secondary four unit Yagi antennas 3 in the aerial array shown in Figure 5
Figure 20 is a normalized radiation pattern test result of overlapping aerial array 5 (containing fourth officer four unit Yagi antennas) shown in Figure 5
Figure 21 is the far field test normalized radiation pattern (only+parasitic element short circuit (working as director) on the x axle, all the other parasitic elements open circuits) of the cover of first in the diversity antenna arrangement shown in Figure 6 nine unit switch Yagi antenna arrays 6
Wherein, curve 11 be only+result of test when parasitic element short circuit on the x axle, all the other parasitic elements open circuits, the 12nd, only+parasitic element short circuit on the x axle, remove the result who tests behind all the other parasitic elements.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1: the base station diversity antenna assembly with four unit Yagi antennas compositions of cylinder shared reflector
Figure 10 is the vertical view of this multi-antenna arrangement, and it is made of to being evenly distributed on around the Module of aerial and fixing a cylinder shared reflector around Module of aerial along the orientation the oriented antenna of fourth officer.
Wherein, the 8th, around and be fixed on shared solid metal reflector on the Module of aerial 2, its diameter is 5.4 wavelength, its one side is as the public reflector of Yagi antenna, spatially separate each sub-array antenna on the other hand and reinforce antenna assembly, the 1st, antenna holder, the 2nd, Module of aerial, the 3rd, oriented antenna, x and y are reference axis.Its oriented antenna 3 adopts the ternary Yagi antenna of similar Fig. 3, and its centre frequency is 2.15GHz, adopts coaxial cable to be connected with source unit and receiver (or transmitter) formation feeder equipment.
The far field two-dimensional directional figure of the secondary Yagi antenna among Figure 10 sees Figure 12, and the result shows that the Yagi antenna directivity factor is 11.4dBi, and the front and back ratio is 15.5, and H face 3dB lobe width is 103 degree, and E face 3dB lobe width is 27 degree.
Figure 13 is a situation of the cylinder shared reflector 8 among first embodiment Figure 10 being changed into square crossing metallic plate 81, and its metallic plate width equals the diameter of shared reflector 8, and other number same Figure 10.The far field two-dimensional directional figure of a secondary Yagi antenna sees Figure 14 among Figure 13, and the result shows that the Yagi antenna directivity factor is 12.3dBi, and the front and back ratio is 15.6, and H face 3dB lobe width is 48 degree, and E face 3dB lobe width is 24 degree.
Figure 12 and Figure 14 show, adopt the cylinder shared reflector can exchange the main lobe width of broad for than the square crossing metallic plate under the situation of sacrificing less directivity factor.
Distance between the antenna 3 of this base station multi-antenna arrangement is enough big, the parasitic element of antenna 3 serves as the electromagnetic scattering body, can spread signal in spatial distributions, reduce spatial coherence, all antenna 3 can cover whole azimuth plane, can obtain good space diversity and angle diversity effect, satisfy the antenna for base station designing requirement of mimo wireless communication system, and compact conformation, easy to process, with low cost.
In the present embodiment, four unit Yagi antennas 3 of the basic perpendicular polarization of fourth officer are placed on around the shared cylinder or square crossing metallic plate reflector that diameter is 5.4 wavelength, what its feeder equipment adopted is coaxial cable feed, but the number, polarised direction, type, feeding classification, shared reflector shape and the sub antenna array pitch that are appreciated that the oriented antenna 3 among the present invention do not limit to therewith, can also be the distances between number, polarised direction, type, feeding classification, shared reflector shape and the oriented antenna of other oriented antennas.
Embodiment 2: the base station diversity antenna assembly that four unit Yagi antennas of no shared reflector are formed
The vertical view of the diversity antenna that Fig. 1 forms as the four unit Yagi antennas by no shared reflector of second embodiment of the present invention.Wherein, the 1st, antenna holder, the 2nd, Module of aerial, the 3rd, oriented antenna, x and y are reference axis.Its oriented antenna 3 adopts the quaternary Yagi antenna of similar Fig. 3, and its centre frequency is 2.15GHz, adopts coaxial cable to be connected with source unit 4 and forms feeder equipment with receiver (or transmitter).Antenna holder in this diversity antenna arrangement is used for the supporting antenna device, and the distance between the reflector of two opposed Yagi antennas is 5.4 wavelength.
The H face far-field pattern of a secondary quaternary Yagi antenna is seen Figure 15 among Fig. 1, and the E face far-field pattern of a secondary quaternary Yagi antenna is seen Figure 16 among Fig. 1.These results show that the Yagi antenna directivity factor is 12.2dBi, and the front and back ratio is 13.5, and H face 3dB lobe width is 79 degree, and E face 3dB lobe width is 28.8 degree.
With embodiment one relatively, remove shared reflector after, the directivity factor of quaternary Yagi antenna slightly increases, and increases than slight before and after the lobe, H ground roll lobe width descends.
Distance between the oriented antenna 3 of this base station multi-antenna arrangement is enough big, there be not blocking of shared reflector, the parasitic element of oriented antenna 3 serves as the electromagnetic scattering body, can spread signal in spatial distributions, reduce spatial coherence, whole oriented antennas 3 can cover whole azimuth plane, can obtain good space diversity and angle diversity effect, satisfy the antenna for base station designing requirement of mimo wireless communication system, and compact conformation, easy to process, with low cost.
In the present embodiment, four unit Yagi antennas of the basic perpendicular polarization of fourth officer are placed on the circumference that diameter is 5.4 wavelength, what its feeder equipment adopted is coaxial cable feed, but the number, polarised direction, type, arrangement circle diameter and the feeding classification that are appreciated that the oriented antenna among the present invention are not limited to therewith, can also be number, polarised direction, type, arrangement circle diameter and the feeding classifications of other oriented antennas.
Embodiment 3: have the diversity antenna arrangement that adds the electromagnetic scattering body and do not have four unit Yagi antennas compositions of shared reflector
The 3rd embodiment of the present invention is on the basis of second embodiment, near the diversity antenna that four unit Yagi antennas by no shared reflector shown in Figure 1 are formed, placed electromagnetic scattering body 9, its schematic diagram is seen Figure 11, the oriented antenna of fourth officer to being evenly distributed on around the Module of aerial, and is placed a plurality of electromagnetic scattering bodies 9 that add along the orientation near oriented antenna.Wherein, the 1st, antenna holder, the 2nd, Module of aerial, the 3rd, oriented antenna, x and y are reference axis, its oriented antenna 3 adopts the quaternary Yagi antenna of similar Fig. 3, its centre frequency is 2.15GHz, adopt coaxial cable to be connected with source unit and form feeder equipment with receiver (or transmitter), the antenna holder in this diversity antenna arrangement is used for the supporting antenna device, and the reflector of two opposed Yagi antennas is 5.4 wavelength apart, the 9th, be placed near a plurality of cylinder electromagnetic scattering bodies that add the oriented antenna 3,9 along the parallel placement of antenna holder support bar, and its radius is 0.002 wavelength, length is 0.32 wavelength, places to spending every 15 along the orientation, but except x and the y axle, 9 comprise three kinds of distance values apart from the aerial array phase center, are respectively 4 times of wavelength, 3 times of wavelength and 2 times of wavelength, as shown in figure 11.These tiny electromagnetic scattering bodies 9 are enough far away apart from the phase center of aerial array, and they are not electrically connected with ground, and its surface can induce electric current, and electromagnetic wave is had scattering process, but can not influence the electrical characteristics of antenna self substantially.
Figure 17 is the scattered field size at surface induction electric current active cell place of oriented antenna on+y axle of antenna assembly shown in Figure 11 each electromagnetic scattering body (containing passive element array) when the relative x axle of incident wave is 0 degree normal incidence, the scattered field size at the surface induction electric current of Figure 18 each electromagnetic scattering body (containing passive element array) that is antenna assembly shown in Figure 11 when the relative x axle 10 degree oblique incidences of incident wave active cell place of oriented antenna on+y axle, among the figure 10 be the field intensity value be lower than+the y axle on the graticule of the maximum received field strength 10dB in active cell place of oriented antenna, can be used as a threshold value.If the scattering object that the scattering field intensity value at the active cell place of oriented antenna is lower than graticule 10 on+y axle can be left in the basket, other scattered fields that are higher than the scattering object of graticule 10 have bigger contribution to this receiver or transmitter so, promptly add electromagnetic scattering body and passive element array each diversity reception or transmitting branch are had remarkable influence, the signal extension angle has increased, in antenna assembly, constructed the local multi-path environment of a radio signal propagation, make the signal strength signal intensity of diversity branch almost suitable on the one hand, reduce the signal space correlation on the other hand, help diversity reception or emission.
Distance between the oriented antenna 3 of this base station multi-antenna arrangement is enough big, there be not blocking of shared reflector 8, the parasitic element of oriented antenna 3 with add electromagnetic scattering body 9, can spread signal in spatial distributions, reduce spatial coherence, whole oriented antennas 3 can cover whole azimuth plane, can obtain good space diversity and angle diversity effect, satisfy the antenna for base station designing requirement of mimo wireless communication system, and compact conformation, easy to process, with low cost.
In the present embodiment, four unit Yagi antennas of the basic perpendicular polarization of fourth officer are placed on the circumference that diameter is 5.4 wavelength, what its feeder equipment adopted is coaxial cable feed, and 20 tiny cylinder electromagnetic scattering bodies 9 have been placed, but be appreciated that the number of the oriented antenna 3 among the present invention, polarised direction, type, settle circle diameter and feeding classification, electromagnetic scattering body number, profile and placement location do not limit to therewith, it can also be the number of other oriented antennas, polarised direction, type, settle circle diameter and feeding classification, and other numbers, the electromagnetic scattering body of profile and placement location.
Embodiment 4: the base station diversity antenna assembly of being made up of the quadruplet four unit Yagi antenna arrays of no shared reflector
Fig. 4 is the vertical view as the diversity antenna arrangement of the 4th embodiment of the present invention, and it is made of around the Module of aerial 2 to being evenly distributed on along the orientation the quadruplet four unit Yagi antenna arrays 5 of no shared reflector.Wherein, the 1st, antenna holder, the 2nd, Module of aerial, x and y are reference axis, the 5th, as a cover four unit Yagi antenna arrays of oriented antenna, its quaternary Yagi antenna that adopts the similar Fig. 3 of fourth officer along pitching to arrangement, its spacing d is about half wavelength, its centre frequency is 2.15GHz, adopts coaxial cable to be connected with source unit and receiver (or transmitter) formation feeder equipment, as shown in Figure 5.Antenna holder 1 in this diversity antenna arrangement is used for the supporting antenna device, and the reflector of two opposed Yagi antenna arrays 5 is at a distance of 5.4 wavelength.
Figure 19 is a normalized radiation pattern test result of overlapping the secondary four unit Yagi antennas 3 in the aerial array 5 shown in Figure 5, gain is about 6.3dBi, Figure 20 is a normalized radiation pattern test result of overlapping aerial array 5 (containing fourth officer four unit Yagi antennas) shown in Figure 5, and gain is about 9.8dBi.Two test results show that after the group battle array, each gain of overlapping aerial array 5 has increased 3.5dB in pitching, and secondary lobe is lower, and wave beam is narrower, and better receptivity is arranged.
Like this, by the present invention, the aerial array 5 of this base station multi-antenna arrangement has higher gain and better receives and emitting performance, there be not blocking of shared reflector, the parasitic element of sub antenna array 5 serves as the electromagnetic scattering body, can spread signal in spatial distributions, reduce spatial coherence, all sub antenna array 5 can cover whole azimuth plane, can obtain good space diversity and angle diversity effect, satisfy the antenna for base station designing requirement of mimo wireless communication system, and compact conformation, easy to process, can increase performances such as antiwind resistance.
In the present embodiment, four unit Yagi spark gap sub antenna arrays 5 of the basic perpendicular polarization of quadruplet are placed on the circumference that diameter is 5.4 wavelength, each overlap sub-array antenna 5 by at a distance of the fourth officer four unit Yagi antennas 3 of basic half-wavelength in vertical direction group battle array, what its feeder equipment adopted is coaxial cable feed, but be appreciated that the number of the oriented antenna 3 (or array 5) among the present invention, polarised direction, type, settle circle diameter, vertical interval and feeding classification are not limited to therewith, can also be the numbers of other oriented antennas 3 (or array 5), polarised direction, type, settle circle diameter, vertical interval and feeding classification.
Embodiment 5: the diversity antenna arrangement with quadruplet switch arrays antenna
Fig. 6 is the vertical view as the diversity antenna arrangement of the 5th embodiment of the present invention, it is made of around the Module of aerial 2 to being evenly distributed on along the orientation the quadruplet nine unit switch Yagi antenna arrays 6 of no shared reflector, and Fig. 7 is the end view of a cover nine unit switch Yagi antenna arrays 6 among Fig. 6.Wherein, the 1st, antenna holder, the 2nd, Module of aerial, x and y are reference axis, the 6th, as secondary nine unit switch Yagi antenna arrays of oriented antenna, its centre frequency is 2.15GHz, adopts coaxial cable to be connected with source unit and receiver (or transmitter) formation feeder equipment, as shown in Figure 7, wherein 4 is active cells, the 42nd, the passive switch unit adopts electronic switch can dynamically control the on off operating mode of passive switch unit 42, thereby changes the sensing of oriented antenna 6.Antenna holder 1 in this diversity antenna arrangement is used for the supporting antenna device, and two opposed switch Yagi antenna arrays 6 are at a distance of 5.4 wavelength.
Figure 21 be the cover of first in the diversity antenna arrangement shown in Figure 6 nine unit switch Yagi antenna arrays 6 far field test normalized radiation pattern (only+parasitic element 42 short circuits (working as director) on the x axle, all the other parasitic element 42 open circuits), wherein, curve 11 be only+parasitic element 42 short circuits on the x axle, the result of test during all the other parasitic elements 42 open circuits, gaining is 8dBi, the 12nd, only+parasitic element 42 short circuits on the x axle, remove the result of all the other parasitic element 42 back tests, gaining is 9dBi.As seen, parasitic element 42 can serve as the electromagnetic scattering body, each diversity reception or transmitting branch there is remarkable influence, increase the signal extension angle, expanded the major lobe of directional diagram width of aerial array 6, increased sidelobe level, in antenna assembly, formed the local multi-path environment of a radio signal propagation, make the signal strength signal intensity of diversity branch almost suitable on the one hand, reduce the signal space correlation on the other hand, diversity is remarkable.Electronic switch can dynamically be controlled and respectively overlap switch Yagi antenna array 6, makes it dynamically cover whole azimuth plane, obtains the angle diversity effect.
Like this, by the present invention, the spacing of the switch aerial array 6 of this base station multi-antenna arrangement is enough big, there be not blocking of shared reflector, the parasitic element of switch aerial array 6 serves as the electromagnetic scattering body, can spread signal in spatial distributions, reduce spatial coherence, each overlaps switch aerial array 6 can dynamically cover whole azimuth plane, the signal strength signal intensity that each diversity branch receives is almost suitable, can obtain good space diversity and angle diversity effect, satisfies the antenna for base station designing requirement of mimo wireless communication system, and compact conformation, easy to process.
In the present embodiment, nine unit switch Yagi antenna arrays 6 of the basic perpendicular polarization of quadruplet are placed on the circumference that diameter is 5.4 wavelength, what its feeder equipment adopted is coaxial cable feed, but the number, polarised direction, type, arrangement circle diameter and the feeding classification that are appreciated that the aerial array 6 among the present invention are not limited to therewith, can also be number, polarised direction, type, arrangement circle diameter and the feeding classifications of other aerial arrays.
More than, provide description of the invention so that their easy to understand and utilization the present invention to those skilled in the art that.For those skilled in the art that, be conspicuous to the various changes of these embodiment, and need not performing creative labour.Therefore, the present invention not only is limited to scheme described here, but the scope consistent with described claim.
Claims (17)
1. MIMO radio communication base station diversity antenna, it comprises antenna holder (1), Module of aerial (2), it is characterized in that it also comprises along the orientation to being distributed in Module of aerial (2) three secondary oriented antennas (3) on every side at least, described oriented antenna (3) comprises at least one antenna active cell (4), described antenna active cell (4) is connected to its corresponding transmitter (for transmission antenna device) or corresponding receiver (for receiving antenna device) by feeder equipment, and the distance between the described oriented antenna (3) (the antenna active cell (4) with oriented antenna (3) is a reference point) is greater than the wavelength of the centre frequency correspondence of half oriented antenna (3).
2. MIMO radio communication base station diversity antenna, it comprises antenna holder (1), Module of aerial (2), it is characterized in that it also comprises along the orientation to being distributed in Module of aerial (2) three cover oriented aerial arrays (5) on every side at least, described oriented aerial array (5) comprises along pitching to the two secondary oriented antennas of arranging (3) at least, be not less than the wavelength of the centre frequency correspondence of half oriented antenna (3) along the distance of pitching between the adjacent oriented antenna of arranging (3), described oriented antenna (3) comprises at least one antenna active cell (4), this antenna active cell (4) is connected to its corresponding transmitter (for transmission antenna device) or corresponding receiver (for receiving antenna device) by feeder equipment, and the distance between the described oriented aerial array (5) (the antenna active cell (4) with oriented aerial array (5) is a reference point) is greater than the wavelength of the centre frequency correspondence of half oriented antenna (3).
3. MIMO radio communication base station diversity antenna according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that described oriented antenna (3) is switch aerial array (6).
4. MIMO radio communication base station diversity antenna according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that the tip shelf of Module of aerial (2) is provided with a metallic reflection face (7).
5. MIMO radio communication base station diversity antenna according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that it also comprises a shared reflector (8), described shared reflector (8) be centered around Module of aerial (2) around, and be fixed on the Module of aerial (2).
6. MIMO radio communication base station diversity antenna according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that it also comprises a plurality of electromagnetic scattering bodies (9) that add, described electromagnetic scattering body (9) be positioned at oriented antenna (3) around.
7. MIMO radio communication base station diversity antenna according to claim 3 is characterized in that the tip shelf of Module of aerial (2) is provided with a metallic reflection face (7).
8. MIMO radio communication base station diversity antenna according to claim 3, it is characterized in that it also comprises a shared reflector (8), described shared reflector (8) be centered around Module of aerial (2) around, and be fixed on the Module of aerial (2).
9. MIMO radio communication base station diversity antenna according to claim 3 is characterized in that it also comprises a plurality of electromagnetic scattering bodies (9) that add, described electromagnetic scattering body (9) be positioned at oriented antenna (3) around.
10. MIMO radio communication base station diversity antenna according to claim 4, it is characterized in that it also comprises a shared reflector (8), described shared reflector (8) be centered around Module of aerial (2) around, and be fixed on the Module of aerial (2).
11. MIMO radio communication base station diversity antenna according to claim 4 is characterized in that it also comprises a plurality of electromagnetic scattering bodies (9) that add, described electromagnetic scattering body (9) be positioned at oriented antenna (3) around.
12. MIMO radio communication base station diversity antenna according to claim 5 is characterized in that it also comprises a plurality of electromagnetic scattering bodies (9) that add, described electromagnetic scattering body (9) be positioned at oriented antenna (3) around.
13. MIMO radio communication base station diversity antenna according to claim 3, the tip shelf that it is characterized in that Module of aerial (2) is provided with a metallic reflection face (7), its feature is that also it also comprises a shared reflector (8), described shared reflector (8) be centered around Module of aerial (2) around, and be fixed on the Module of aerial (2).
14. MIMO radio communication base station diversity antenna according to claim 3, the tip shelf that it is characterized in that Module of aerial (2) is provided with a metallic reflection face (7), its feature is that also it also comprises a plurality of electromagnetic scattering bodies (9) that add, described electromagnetic scattering body (9) be positioned at oriented antenna (3) around.
15. MIMO radio communication base station diversity antenna according to claim 3, it is characterized in that it also comprises a shared reflector (8), described shared reflector (8) be centered around Module of aerial (2) around, and be fixed on the Module of aerial (2), its feature is that also it also comprises a plurality of electromagnetic scattering bodies (9) that add, described electromagnetic scattering body (9) be positioned at oriented antenna (3) around.
16. MIMO radio communication base station diversity antenna according to claim 4, it is characterized in that it also comprises a shared reflector (8), described shared reflector (8) be centered around Module of aerial (2) around, and be fixed on the Module of aerial (2), its feature is that also it also comprises a plurality of electromagnetic scattering bodies (9) that add, described electromagnetic scattering body (9) be positioned at oriented antenna (3) around.
17. MIMO radio communication base station diversity antenna according to claim 3, the tip shelf that it is characterized in that Module of aerial (2) is provided with a metallic reflection face (7), its feature is that also it comprises a shared reflector (8), described shared reflector (8) be centered around Module of aerial (2) around, and be fixed on the Module of aerial (2), its feature is yet that it also comprises a plurality of electromagnetic scattering bodies (9) that add, described electromagnetic scattering body (9) be positioned at oriented antenna (3) around.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 200420060430 CN2781652Y (en) | 2004-07-26 | 2004-07-26 | Diversity antenna for MIMO radio communication base station |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 200420060430 CN2781652Y (en) | 2004-07-26 | 2004-07-26 | Diversity antenna for MIMO radio communication base station |
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| CN2781652Y true CN2781652Y (en) | 2006-05-17 |
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| CN 200420060430 Expired - Lifetime CN2781652Y (en) | 2004-07-26 | 2004-07-26 | Diversity antenna for MIMO radio communication base station |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100414852C (en) * | 2004-07-26 | 2008-08-27 | 电子科技大学 | Diversity antenna assembly with function of multiple inupts and outputs in wireless communication base station |
| TWI628862B (en) * | 2016-05-10 | 2018-07-01 | 啟碁科技股份有限公司 | Communication device |
-
2004
- 2004-07-26 CN CN 200420060430 patent/CN2781652Y/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100414852C (en) * | 2004-07-26 | 2008-08-27 | 电子科技大学 | Diversity antenna assembly with function of multiple inupts and outputs in wireless communication base station |
| TWI628862B (en) * | 2016-05-10 | 2018-07-01 | 啟碁科技股份有限公司 | Communication device |
| US10270176B2 (en) | 2016-05-10 | 2019-04-23 | Wistron Neweb Corp. | Communication device |
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