Background technology
Relevant by retrieval documents and materials have the line intercom to mainly contain following four kinds in the prior art at present:
1) a kind of bus-type master-slave mutual-call intercom system of being exhaled electrophone and public twisted-pair feeder to constitute by main controller, line adapter unit, coincidence apparatus, quilt, several kilometers of intercommunication distances, kilometer surplus wiring reaches ten.
2) a kind of improvement project of intercom quasi-duplex transducer, on the architecture basics of microtelephone, controlled audio frequency amplifier and ptt switch switching signal generator, added a pulse-width discriminator, in fact this discriminator can play the band pass filter effect of 300Hz-640Hz voice signal pulse, again the audio frequency amplifier section has been done the improvement that difference is amplified on the side circuit.Thereby make the quasi-duplex transducer have the technique effect of anti-background noise.
3) a kind of wire communication instrument.It is divided into main frame, several extension set two parts, wherein main frame has signal processing circuit, main frame call circuit, the line is busy display circuit, shows that department's built-up circuit and outside line change compositions such as the road that conducts electricity.Single extension set has signal processing circuit, call extension circuit and clamp circuit.Whole circuit of main frame, extension set are contained in respectively on the circuit board, connect by lead.Main frame and any extension set can communicate with each other, extension set and extension set and several extension sets communicate with each other, and under the situation of not going into local network, outside line are given to any one extension set.
4) a kind of multichannel wired intercom.Be made up of a main frame and eight extension sets, by Host Administration control, main frame can or be conversed with several roads extension set simultaneously with the independent intercommunication conversation of each road extension set, and each extension set also can be conversed with main frame respectively.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this utility model provides a kind of employing that is better than prior art and reduces the audio frequency upper limit, adopts the line amplifier of low hot-tempered sound, makes communication distance reach 30 kilometers long distance wire communication interphone.
Long distance wire communication interphone, it is characterized in that: the microphone input circuit connects the radiating portion of conversation transmission circuit, conversation transmission circuit radiating portion connects signal coupling circuit, signal coupling circuit connects low pass filter, low pass filter connection line amplifier, the line amplifier connecting bus; The conversation transmission circuit connects quiet hot-tempered circuit (see figure 1);
Bus is connected with band pass filter, and band pass filter connects the receiving unit of conversation transmission circuit, and the conversation transmission circuit connects is talked about amplifier;
Microprocessor is the control centre of this device, and microprocessor connects double-tone and receives and dispatches sign indicating number and speaking circuit power-supply controller of electric frequently, and microprocessor is connected with the wake-up signal generator; Double-tone is received and dispatched sign indicating number frequently and is connected the conversation transmission circuit.
The circuit connecting relation of long distance wire communication interphone is:
The annexation of microphone input circuit is: microphone MK1 connects coupling capacitance C10 and shunt capacitance C11, and coupling capacitance C10 connects load resistance R1 and isolation resistance R3, and load resistance R1 is connected with current-limiting resistance R2 with filter capacitor C1; Isolation resistance R3 connects feedback capacity C12, feedback capacity C12 connects coupling capacitance C13, coupling capacitance C13 connects isolation resistance R5, feedback resistance R4 and feedback capacity C12 are in parallel, feedback resistance R4 is connected with capacitor C 14, capacitor C 14 is connected with the input that sends attenuator TX, and isolation resistance R5 is connected with the reverse input end of operational amplifier A R3, current-limiting resistance R4 and operational amplifier A R1 be in parallel (Fig. 2);
The annexation of conversation transmission circuit is: attenuation controller is the control centre of this part, attenuation controller connects transmission attenuator TX and receiving attenuation device RX, two are detected level BNM1 and BNM2, operational amplifier A R3, operational amplifier A R4, operational amplifier A R7, operational amplifier A R8, operational amplifier A R9 is connected with attenuation controller, feedback capacity C12 and feedback resistance R4 in operational amplifier A R1 and the microphone input circuit are in parallel, operational amplifier A R3 is connected with diode D1, D2, the reverse input end of operational amplifier A R3 is connected with isolation resistance R5, the diode D1 of operational amplifier A R3, D2 connects capacitor C 3, operational amplifier A R4 is connected with diode D3, D4, diode D3, D4 connects capacitor C 4, the reverse input end of operational amplifier A R4 is connected with isolation resistance R7, operational amplifier A R2 is connected with operational amplifier A R5, constitute the hybrid operation amplifier, output at operational amplifier A R2 connects resistance R 14, resistance R 15 1 is terminated at the reverse input end of operational amplifier A R5, and the other end is connected to the output of operational amplifier A R5; Detect the RC time constant that level BNM1 connects resistance R 13 and capacitor C 2 compositions, detect the RC time constant that level BNM2 connection resistance R 16 and capacitor C 9 are formed, detect level BNM1 and also be connected with resistance R 21, capacitor C 7, capacitor C 5; Operational amplifier A R7 connects diode D5, D6, diode D5, the D6 of operational amplifier connects capacitor C 6, operational amplifier A R9 connects diode D7, D8, and the reverse input end of operational amplifier A R8 connects capacitor C 29, resistance R 30, R31, and output connects capacitor C 8; Capacitor C 28 is connected with the input of receiving attenuation device RX, and the output of receiving attenuation device RX connects capacitor C 27, resistance R 28; Attenuation controller connects resistance R 32 and resistance R 29; Filter is to connect resistance R 23 and capacitor C 21, C20 by operational amplifier A R10 reverse input end, and capacitor C 21 connects resistance R 31 and constitutes (Fig. 2);
The circuit connecting relation of being talked about amplifier is: capacitor C 27 connects resistance R 28, the reverse input end of resistance R 28 concatenation operation amplifier AR12, the output of operational amplifier A R12 connects resistance R 27, the reverse input end of resistance R 22 concatenation operation amplifier AR11, the output of operational amplifier A R11 connects loud speaker LS1, resistance R 26 is connected between the reverse input end and output of operational amplifier A R11, operational amplifier A R12 output connects resistance R 25 and capacitor C 25, and resistance R 22, capacitor C 26 are connected (Fig. 2) with the reverse input end of operational amplifier A R7;
The annexation of signal coupling circuit is: coupling resistance R6 is connected with the output that sends attenuator TX, coupling resistance R6 connects coupling capacitance C15, coupling capacitance C15 connects feedback resistance R8, feedback resistance R8 connects coupling capacitance C16, coupling capacitance C16 connects isolation resistance R7, coupling capacitance C16 connects resistance R 10, double-tone DTMF input frequently connects resistance R 9, resistance R 9 connects capacitor C 17, capacitor C 17 connects capacitor C 18, capacitor C 18 is connected with coupling transformer T1, and coupling transformer T1 is connected (Fig. 2) with the low pass filter that inductance L 1, capacitor C 19 are formed;
The annexation of quiet hot-tempered circuit is: the reverse input end of operational amplifier A R6 meets reference level R11, R12, output connecting resistance R20, resistance R 20 is connected with the base stage of triode Q2, collector electrode connecting resistance R19, the R18 of triode Q2, resistance R 18 connects the base stage of triode Q1, the collector electrode connecting resistance R17 of triode Q1, R24 (Fig. 2);
Band pass filter is in parallel with capacitor C 22 by inductance L 2, and inductance L 3 is connected with capacitor C 23, and capacitor C 24 is connected with inductance L 4, inductance L 4 and capacitor C 24 (Fig. 2) in parallel;
See Fig. 3, the circuit connecting relation of line amplifier is: the reverse input end at operational amplifier A R13 is connected with resistance R 35, capacitor C 32, resistance R 38, resistance R 34, reverse input end at operational amplifier A R13 also is connected with resistance R 33, capacitor C 30, and filter capacitor C31 connects the power positive end of operational amplifier A R13; Output at operational amplifier A R13 is connected with resistance R 36, the reverse input end of operational amplifier A R14 connects resistance R 36, resistance R 37 is connected between the reverse input end and output of operational amplifier A R14, the output of operational amplifier A R14 is connected with coupling transformer T2, the L1 coil of T2 connects capacitor C 33, C34, capacitor C 33, C34 other end connecting bus JP2, the L2 coil of coupling transformer T2 connects the output of operational amplifier A R14, and the L3 coil of coupling transformer T2 is connected telephone circuit;
See Fig. 4, double-tone is received and dispatched sign indicating number frequently and is connected with microprocessor, and double-tone is received and dispatched sign indicating number frequently and is connected with interruption pull-up resistor R46 and pull-up resistor RP2, also is connected with the filter that resistance R 47 and capacitor C 41 are formed; Double-tone is received and dispatched sign indicating number frequently and is connected with crystal oscillator Y1, gain resistor R42, coupling capacitance C36, receives coupling resistance R41, also is connected with to send gain resistor R44 and capacitor C 37, output coupling resistance R45, load resistance R43, output coupling capacitor C38 in parallel with it; Microprocessor P0 pin connects pull-up resistor RP1, P0.6, P0.7 pin be linking number keyboard S1 and acknowledgement key S2 respectively, on numerical key S1, be connected to anti-interference capacitor C40, on acknowledgement key S2, be connected to anti-interference capacitor C39, the P3.7 pin of microprocessor connects current-limiting resistance R39, pull-up resistor R40, triode Q, capacitor C 35, and microprocessor also is connected to crystal oscillator Y2, capacitor C 42, capacitor C 43.
Functional characteristics of the present utility model is as follows:
1) use the common batteries power supply communication, consumable material is easy to get, and the battery capacity Presentation Function is arranged;
2) have sleep mode automatically, wake up, selective call, group busy function, communication distance can reach 30 kilometers;
3) waterproof and dustproof, shock resistance, anti-interference, antinoise, normal talking under the 100dB noise circumstance.
Use when the operational environment of the long distance of the utility model particularly suitable, region spaciousness, strong noise and field army's combat exercise, military training.
Embodiment
★ important technological parameters of the present utility model:
1) overall dimensions: (mm): 240 * 105 * 45;
2) operating voltage: direct current 6V;
3) transmission signals: double-tone is Ji Yin Frequency signal 300-3400HZ frequently;
4) maximum networking capacity:<50;
5) ambient temperature :-20-+60 ℃;
6) ambient noise:<100dB.
★ optimal way of the present utility model:
The characteristics of the communication tool that the operational environment of long distance, region spaciousness, strong noise and field army's combat exercise, military training are used are that carry must be conveniently, limit by condition, can only use the powered battery communication, power will inevitably be restricted like this, and the operational environment of region spaciousness, strong noise needs long-distance transmissions.At these characteristics, we at first will be familiar with the uniform transmission line propagation law, and uniform transmission line is owing to exist R, L, four basic parameters of C, G, and R, L, C, G distribute along line length, the equivalent electric circuit of R, the L on a bit of, C, four parameters of G.
Formula: Z=(R/2n+ju*L/2n)+(R/2n+ju*L/2n)
x=sre
-r1
Above formula explanation is on the uniform transmission line of L in distance, as top voltage
xWhen known, the size of end voltage sr, equal the negative exponent power that sr is multiplied by natural number e, attenuation law is as follows: signal voltage is during along the transmission of the uniform transmission line of certain distance, press the exponential function decay of natural number e, the speed of its decay depends on the size of r, and r is bigger, decay faster (r is a propagation constant).
We have taked to reduce transmission frequency as far as possible on circuit design, add the method that equalizer promotes high fdrequency component and improves transmission voltage in terminal, and amplifier output impedance equals line characteristic impedance, signal areflexia phenomenon on the circuit, and this moment, decay was minimum.
Reducing on the electrical source consumption, adopted the low-power consumption microprocessor chip, speaking circuit adopts low noise operational amplifier, works under microprocessor controls, and not conversing works in idle pulley, when not waking up, about 30 microamperes of complete machine power consumption ∠.
Characteristics at field army's wire communication, waterproof and dustproof, resisting strong impact are indispensable functions, use conventional keyboard can not satisfy above-mentioned requirements, what the utility model adopted is two key dial modes (numerical key and acknowledgement keys), easy and simple to handle, not limited by number length, can encode arbitrarily, sturdy and durable.