CN2674744Y - Universal pulse width modulating charge controller for secondary battery - Google Patents

Universal pulse width modulating charge controller for secondary battery Download PDF

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Publication number
CN2674744Y
CN2674744Y CNU2004200379630U CN200420037963U CN2674744Y CN 2674744 Y CN2674744 Y CN 2674744Y CN U2004200379630 U CNU2004200379630 U CN U2004200379630U CN 200420037963 U CN200420037963 U CN 200420037963U CN 2674744 Y CN2674744 Y CN 2674744Y
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pin
resistance
utmost point
power supply
battery
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CNU2004200379630U
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Chinese (zh)
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王剑
王悦新
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Abstract

A universal pulse width modulating charge controller for a secondary battery of the utility model is composed of a dual operational amplifier Ic1, a three-terminal manostat Ic2, two transistors with low power V1 and V4, multiple-unit tubes V2 and V3, a voltage stabilizing tube (Dw) and correlative capacitance-resistance elements. The (2) foot of the dual operational amplifier is connected with the adjustment end of the electric potential of W2. The (3) foot is connected with the '-' pole of the charged battery (battery pack) through a resistor R9. The (1) foot is connected with the base electrode of the transistor V4 through a resistor R13. A capacitance C5 is connected between the base electrode and the emitter electrode of V4. The collecting electrode of V4 is connected with the base electrode of V1 through a resistor R7. The collecting electrode of V1 is connected between the resistor R2 and R3. The (5) foot is connected at the adjustment end of the electric potential of the potentiometer W1 through a resistor R4. The (6) foot is connected with the emitter electrode of V3 through a resistor R6. The (7) foot is connected with the base electrode of the transistor V2 through a resistor R5. The utility model can be used for charging for secondary batteries, plumbic acid secondary batteries, nickel hydrogen secondary batteries, etc. The universal pulse width modulating charge controller for a secondary battery can not charge excessive electricity or insufficient electricity and can protect the battery bstter.

Description

Secondary cell universal pulse width modulation charge controller
Technical field: the utility model relates to the electronics charging device, relates in particular to secondary cell universal pulse width modulation charge controller.
Background technology: following several charging control is arranged in the prior art: 1, cell voltage overcharges and (" Δ V " control) occurs controlling when voltage descends, and 2, control when temperature rise appears in over-charging of battery, 3, constant voltage controls, 4, timing controlled etc." 1 ", " 2 " Xiang Jun the control point occurs and sport trickle to overcharging with constant current charge." 3 " force that electric current is descending slowly to overcharge with higher direct voltage, the disunity characteristic of incompatibility cell emf simultaneously, cause battery overcharge or owe fill." 4 " Xiang Ze be no matter battery remaining power what, all give the charging of identical electric weight, must cause battery overcharge or owe fill, owing to fill then influences battery degree of depth chemical reaction, thereby influence the battery original life, can not bring into play the due capacity usefulness of battery simultaneously.In a word, more than several charging control technologys and control corresponding device thereof, all to treat just to control behind the over-charging of battery.It should be noted that: over-charging of battery must have temperature rise! This temperature rise phenomenon both could have a strong impact on the original life of battery, can reduce the capacity of battery again! Existence for above-mentioned reasons, the secondary cell that uses does not reach the original life of manufacturer's design substantially and scraps in advance at present.And existing charge controller is inaccurate general to secondary cell charges such as plumbic acid, ni-mhs.
The utility model content: the purpose of this utility model is, overcome the deficiencies in the prior art part, a kind of secondary cell universal pulse width modulation charge controller is provided, combine according to battery dump energy and the intrinsic electromotive force of battery, automatically (battery remaining power is many more or the intrinsic electromotive force of battery is high more for the modulated charge current pulse duration, automatically modulation charge pulse currents width is narrow more, average demonstration charging current is more little, otherwise Modulation Pulse Current is wide more automatically, average demonstration charging current is big more), finally make the battery capacity abundance, the charging current pulsewidth is modulated to zero automatically, and keeps the constant charge controller of voltage after the battery abundance with little electric current (trickle).To end, pulse duration narrows down charging current gradually from beginning, and mean charging current shows by diminishing greatly gradually to trickle, is different from traditional constant current charge and constant voltage charge.Thereby avoided effectively battery overcharge and owe fill, reached the purpose that general charge controllers of secondary cell such as plumbic acid, ni-mh charge simultaneously.Secondary cell universal pulse width modulation charge controller described in the utility model is made up of pulse-width modulation circuit and may command constant current source charging executive circuit two parts, and the feature of the general charge controller of the utility model secondary cell is: dual operational amplifier Ic 1Ic 1-2Comparator (2) pin (negative input end) is connected to W 2Current potential adjustment end, Ic 1-2(3) pin (positive input terminal) through resistance be recharged pond (group) E "-" utmost point and be connected Ic 1-2(3) pin (positive input terminal) and Ic 1-2(1) cross-over connection electric capacity and resistance between the pin (comparator output terminal).Ic 1-2(1) pin (comparator output terminal) extremely links to each other Ic with LED-1 (green) indicator light "-" utmost point with LED-2 (redness) indicator light "+" 1-2(1) pin (comparator output terminal) is through resistance and triode V 4Base stage links to each other, V 4Collector electrode is connected to power supply "+" utmost point, V through resistance 4Base stage and V 4Cross-over connection electric capacity between the emitter, V 4And V 1Emitter with meeting power supply "-" utmost point, V 4Collector electrode is through resistance and V 1Base stage links to each other, V 1Collector electrode is connected to resistance R 2, R 3Between, R 2, R 3Series connection back R 2On be terminated at potentiometer W 1Current potential adjustment end, R 3Under be terminated at power supply "-" utmost point, Ic 1-1(5) pin (positive input terminal) is connected to potentiometer W through resistance 1Current potential adjustment end, Ic 1-1(6) pin (negative input end) is connected to V through resistance 3Emitter, Ic 1-1(7) pin (amplifier out) meets triode V through resistance 2Base stage.
The operation principle of the utility model secondary cell charge controller: through the high and low frequency capacitor C 1, C 2DC power supply "+" utmost point of filtering is through voltage regulation resistance R 1With after the voltage-stabiliser tube Dw voltage stabilizing (5V), export potentiometer W to 1To power supply "-" utmost point, adjust potentiometer W 1Current potential through resistance R 4To amplifier Ic 1-1(5) pin (positive input terminal) is again through amplifier Ic 1-1, triode V 2, triode V 3Amplify, make to be recharged pond (group) E and to begin constant current charge by the rated current of setting, adjustment potentiometer W 2Make power supply "+" extremely to Ic 1-2(2) pin (negative input end) current potential is for being recharged 1.18~1.19 times of pond (group) E electromotive force, thus the time battery (group) E just begun to charge comparator Ic after discharging 1-2(2) pin (negative input end) current potential<Ic 1-2(3) pin (positive input terminal) current potential, Ic 1-2(1) pin (comparator output terminal) is output as " 1 " (high level), and LED-2 (redness) indicator light is lighted, and indication circuit is to battery (group) E constant current charge.When being recharged pond (group) E charging " virtual pressure " and rising to>be recharged 1.18~1.19 times of pond (group) E electromotive force, said here " virtual pressure ", it is full to be meant that the voltage that imposes on battery because of charging shows battery, and actual battery abundance as yet.Battery (group) E "-" electrode potential reduces until comparator Ic because of " virtual pressure " 1-2(3) pin (positive input terminal) potential drop is low to moderate<Ic 1-2During pin (negative input end) current potential, comparator upset, Ic 1-2(1) pin (comparator output terminal) is output as " 0 " (low level), and LED-2 (redness) indicator light will extinguish, and LED-1 (green) indicator light is lighted.C 5Through resistance R 13And Ic 1-2(1) pin is discharged to V 4End, simultaneously V 1Conducting, Ic 1-1(5) pin (positive input terminal) current potential reduces, and the constant-current source current break is reduced to and kept electric current.Because resistance R is arranged 2There is Ic 1-1(5) pin (positive input terminal) current potential can not drop to zero, and constant-current source can not drop to zero yet, adjusts R 2Resistance can adjust and keep the power that charging current is a trickle.Be recharged pond (group) E and do not recharge this moment.Since " virtual pressure " institute extremely, this battery (group) E voltage instantaneous will sharply descend, and promptly is recharged pond (group) E "-" utmost point (16) current potential sharply to rise, this current potential is through resistance R 9Make Ic 1-2(3) pin (positive input terminal) current potential sharply rises, until>Ic 1-2(2) during the pin current potential, comparator Ic 1-2Upset rapidly, Ic 1-2(1) pin (comparator output terminal) is output as " 1 ", C 5Through resistance R 13Charge to V 4Conducting, V simultaneously 1End Ic 1-1(5) pin (positive input terminal) current potential rises, and the constant-current source current break rises to the rated current charging, runs so forth.Charging control enters the pulse width modulation stage, and two indicator lights are alternately lighted.Therefore be recharged pond (group) E the time charging " virtual pressure ", circuit working is to be charged as main long duration current charged state, and charging indicator light LED-2 (redness) brightness is greater than the brightness of LED-1 (green) indicator light.When pulse frequency was higher than certain value, indicator light flashed because of not showing due to the twilight sunset, and a display brightness changes.Prolongation along with the charging interval, be recharged the charging " the real pressure " of pond (group) E, just be meant that the virtual voltage that is recharged after pond (group) E cuts off the power supply rises gradually, cut off the power supply moment because of the circuit upset this moment, the voltage that is recharged pond (group) E gradually becomes slow decline by rapid decline, the width of pulse current narrows down gradually, and circuit transfers to no longer gradually being charged as the master, and the brightness of LED-1 (green) indicator light is gradually greater than the brightness of charging indicator light LED-2 (redness) indicator light.When being recharged pond (group) E charging " the real pressure ">(1.18~1.19) E, Ic 1-2(3) pin (positive input terminal) current potential<Ic 1-2(2) pin (negative input end) current potential, comparator will no longer overturn, Ic 1-2(1) stable be output as " 0 " of pin (comparator output terminal).This moment, the charging current pulsewidth was zero, and pulse-width modulation quits work, and LED-1 (green) indicator light continues to light, and it is sufficient that expression is recharged pond (group) E.LED-2 (redness) indicator light is no longer lighted, and represents that fully charged battery (group) E does not recharge.Voltage was constant after circuit will be kept battery (group) E abundance with little electric current (trickle) this moment, and charging process finishes.
After being recharged pond (group) E using certain hour in range of capacity, when inserting the charging circuit charging again, comparator will accurately enter the program of inductive charging pulse duration according to the residual capacity of battery (group) E.For example battery (group) E electric weight has been discharged to the limit, and circuit will enter program from constant current charge; And for example battery (group) E corona discharge slightly, circuit will enter according to the residual capacity of battery the pulse duration that adapts with it begins the charging, residual capacity is many more, enter the charging pulsewidth narrow more, otherwise wide more.
In the circuit, "+" utmost point that is recharged pond (group) E connects DC power supply "+" utmost point, and "-" utmost point that is recharged pond (group) E meets power amplifier tube V 3Collector electrode.Ic 2Be three terminal regulator, its voltage stabilizing value should be greater than the voltage behind the battery pack full charge.
Secondary cell universal pulse width modulation charge controller described in the utility model does not have in the battery charging process and overcharges the temperature rise phenomenon that causes, the problem that can cause over-charging of battery or owe to fill does not play a very good protection to battery.Solved existing charge controller secondary cells such as plumbic acid, ni-mh are caused easily overcharge, owe to fill and charge can not be general problem.
Description of drawings: accompanying drawing 1 is the pulse width modulation apparatus circuit diagram of secondary cell universal pulse width modulation charge controller described in the utility model; Accompanying drawing 2 is circuit diagrams of may command constant current source charging executive circuit; Accompanying drawing 3 is synthetic circuit figure of secondary cell universal pulse width modulation charge controller described in the utility model.
Embodiment: referring now to accompanying drawing 1,2,3, be described as follows in conjunction with the embodiments: secondary cell universal pulse width modulation charge controller described in the utility model, be made up of pulse-width modulation circuit and may command constant current source charging executive circuit two parts, the feature of the general charge controller of the utility model secondary cell is: dual operational amplifier Ic 1Ic 1-2Comparator (2) pin (negative input end) is connected to W 2Current potential adjustment end, Ic 1-2(3) pin (positive input terminal) is through resistance R 9Be recharged pond (group) E "-" utmost point (16) and be connected Ic 1-2(3) pin (positive input terminal) and Ic 1-2(1) cross-over connection capacitor C between the pin (comparator output terminal) 4And resistance R 10Ic 1-2(1) pin (comparator output terminal) extremely links to each other Ic with LED-1 (green) indicator light "-" utmost point with LED-2 (redness) indicator light "+" 1-2(1) pin (comparator output terminal) is through resistance R 13With triode V 4Base stage (23) links to each other, V 4Collector electrode (19) is through resistance R 14Be connected to power supply "+" utmost point (9), V 4Base stage (23) and V 4Cross-over connection capacitor C between the emitter (10) 5, V 4And V 1Emitter with meeting power supply "-" utmost point (10), V 4Collector electrode (19) is through resistance R 7With V 1Base stage (14) links to each other, V 1Collector electrode is connected to resistance R 2And resistance R 3Between node (13), R 2, R 3Behind the polyphone, R 2On be terminated at potentiometer W 1Current potential adjustment end (12), R 3Under be terminated at power supply "-" utmost point (10), dual operational amplifier Ic 1Ic 1-1Amplifier (8) pin is connected to power supply "+" utmost point (9), Ic 1-1(4) pin is connected to power supply "-" utmost point (10), Ic 1-1(5) pin (positive input terminal) is through resistance R 4Be connected to potentiometer W 1Current potential adjustment end (12), Ic 1-1(6) pin (negative input end) is through resistance R 6Be connected to V 3Emitter (18), Ic 1-1(7) pin (amplifier out) is through resistance R 5Be connected to triode V 2Base stage (15).
The operation principle of the utility model secondary cell charge controller: through the high and low frequency capacitor C 1, C 2DC power supply "+" utmost point (9) of filtering is through voltage regulation resistance R 1With after the voltage-stabiliser tube Dw voltage stabilizing (5V), export potentiometer W to 1To power supply "-" utmost point (10), adjust potentiometer W 1Current potential (12) through resistance R 4To amplifier Ic 1-1(5) pin (positive input terminal), this voltage is through amplifier Ic 1-1, triode V 2, triode V 3Amplify, make to be recharged the rated current constant current charge of pond (group) E by setting.Adjust potentiometer W 2Make power supply "+" utmost point (9) to Ic 1-2(2) pin (negative input end) current potential is for being recharged 1.18~1.19 times of pond (group) E electromotive force, thus the time battery (group) E just begun to charge comparator Ic after discharging 1-2(2) pin (negative input end) current potential<Ic 1-2(3) pin (positive input terminal) current potential, Ic 1-2(1) pin (comparator output terminal) is output as " 1 " (high level), and LED-2 (redness) indicator light is lighted, and indication circuit is to battery (group) E constant current charge.When being recharged pond (group) E charging " virtual pressure " and rising to>be recharged 1.18~1.19 times of pond (group) E electromotive force, said here " virtual pressure ", it is full to be meant that the voltage that imposes on battery because of charging shows battery, and actual battery abundance as yet.Battery (group) E "-" electrode potential reduces until comparator Ic because of " virtual pressure " 1-2(3) pin (positive input terminal) potential drop is low to moderate<Ic 1-2During pin (negative input end) current potential, comparator upset, Ic 1-2(1) pin (comparator output terminal) is output as " 0 " (low level), and LED-2 (redness) indicator light will extinguish, and LED-1 (green) indicator light is lighted.C 5Through resistance R 13And Ic 1-2(1) pin is discharged to V 4End, simultaneously V 1Conducting.Ic 1-1(5) pin (positive input terminal) current potential reduces, and the constant-current source current break is reduced to and kept electric current.Because resistance R is arranged 2There is Ic 1-1(5) pin (positive input terminal) voltage can not drop to zero, and constant-current source can not drop to zero yet, adjusts R 2Resistance can adjust and keep the power that charging current is a trickle.Be recharged pond (group) E and do not recharge this moment.Since " virtual pressure " institute extremely, this battery (group) E voltage instantaneous will sharply descend, and promptly is recharged pond (group) E "-" utmost point (16) current potential sharply to rise, this current potential is through resistance R 9Make Ic 1-2(3) pin (positive input terminal) current potential sharply rises comparator Ic 1-2Upset rapidly, Ic 1-2(1) pin (comparator output terminal) is output as " 1 ", C 5Through resistance R 13Charge to V 4Conducting, V simultaneously 1End Ic 1-1(5) pin (positive input terminal) current potential rises, and the constant-current source current break rises to the rated current charging, runs so forth.Charging control enters the pulse width modulation stage, and two indicator lights are alternately lighted.Therefore be recharged pond (group) E the time charging " virtual pressure ", circuit working is to be charged as main long duration current charged state, and charging indicator light LED-2 (redness) brightness is greater than the brightness of LED-1 (green) indicator light.When pulse frequency was higher than certain value, indicator light flashed because of not showing due to the twilight sunset, and a display brightness changes.Prolongation along with the charging interval, be recharged the charging " the real pressure " of pond (group) E, just be meant that the virtual voltage that is recharged after pond (group) E cuts off the power supply rises gradually, cut off the power supply moment because of the circuit upset this moment, the voltage that is recharged pond (group) E gradually becomes slow decline by rapid decline, the width of pulse current narrows down gradually, and circuit transfers to no longer gradually being charged as the master, and the brightness of LED-1 (green) indicator light is gradually greater than the brightness of charging indicator light LED-2 (redness) indicator light.When being recharged pond (group) E charging " the real pressure ">(1.18~1.19) E, Ic 1-2(3) pin (positive input terminal) current potential<Ic 1-2(2) pin (negative input end) current potential, comparator will no longer overturn, stable be output as " 0 " of (1) pin (comparator output terminal).This moment, the charging current pulsewidth was zero, and pulse-width modulation quits work, and LED-1 (green) indicator light continues to light, and it is sufficient that expression is recharged pond (group) E.LED-2 (redness) indicator light is no longer lighted, and represents that fully charged battery (group) E does not recharge.Voltage was constant after circuit will be kept battery (group) E abundance with little electric current (trickle) this moment, and charging process finishes.
After being recharged pond (group) E using certain hour in range of capacity, when inserting the charging circuit charging again, comparator will accurately enter the program of inductive charging pulse duration according to the residual capacity of battery (group) E.For example battery (group) E electric weight has been discharged to the limit, and circuit will enter program from constant current charge; And for example battery (group) E corona discharge slightly, circuit will enter according to the residual capacity of battery the pulse duration that adapts with it begins the charging, residual capacity is many more, enter the charging pulsewidth narrow more, otherwise wide more.
In the circuit, "+" utmost point that is recharged pond (group) E connects DC power supply "+" utmost point (9), and "-" utmost point that is recharged pond (group) E meets power amplifier tube V 3Collector electrode (16).Ic 2Be three terminal regulator, its voltage stabilizing value should be greater than the voltage behind the battery pack full charge.Resistance R 6And resistance R 8Be amplifier negative feedback resistor, resistance R 11And resistance R 12Be the current-limiting resistance of indicator light LED-1 and indicator light LED-2, capacitor C 3Be the filter capacitor of three terminal regulator, capacitor C 5Set electric capacity for the charging current pulse frequency, capacity is big more, and frequency is low more.Can be according to the property settings charging current pulse frequency of different classes of secondary cell.Capacitor C 4And resistance R 10Be Ic 1-2The feedback element of comparator.Supply voltage foundation 〉=2.5V+ (1.18~1.19) E design.In order to satisfy electronic device working power condition, supply voltage is minimum answers 〉=6.5V, the highest answering≤15V.When the electromotive force that is recharged pond (group) E>10V, can "+" utmost point, the W of pond (group) E will be recharged 2Upper end, capacitor C 5Upper end and Ic 2After the upper end disconnects with power supply "+" utmost point (9) respectively, be connected to jointly again with this power supply altogether the power supply of another group>15V of "-" utmost point (10) get final product.Secondary cell universal pulse width modulation charge controller described in the utility model does not have in the battery charging process and overcharges the temperature rise phenomenon that causes, the problem that can cause over-charging of battery or owe to fill does not play a very good protection to battery.Solved simultaneously existing charge controller to secondary cell charges such as plumbic acid, ni-mh can not be general problem.

Claims (4)

1, secondary cell universal pulse width modulation charge controller includes dual operational amplifier (Ic 1), three terminal regulator (Ic 2), two low-power transistor (V 1, V 4), multiple tube (V 2, V 3) form with voltage-stabiliser tube (Dw) and relevant capacitance resistance ware, it is characterized in that dual operational amplifier Ic 1-2Comparator (2) pin (negative input end) is connected to W 2Current potential adjustment end, Ic 1-2(3) pin (positive input terminal) is through resistance R 9Be recharged pond (group) E "-" utmost point (16) and be connected Ic 1-2(3) pin (comparator positive input terminal) and Ic 1-2(1) pin (comparator output terminal) cross-over connection capacitor C 4And resistance R 10, Ic 1-2(1) pin (comparator output terminal) through resistance R 13With V 4Base stage (23) link to each other V 4Collector electrode (19) is through resistance R 14Be connected to power supply "+" utmost point (9), V 4Base stage (23) and V 4Cross-over connection capacitor C between the emitter (10) 5, V 4Collector electrode (19) through resistance R 7With V 1Base stage (14) link to each other V 4And V 1Emitter with meeting power supply "-" utmost point (10), V 1Collector electrode be connected to resistance R 2And resistance R 3Contact (13).Resistance R 2, R 3After the series connection, R 2On be terminated at potentiometer W 1Current potential adjustment end (12), R 3Under be terminated at power supply "-" utmost point (10).Dual operational amplifier power supply "+", "-" pin i.e. (4) pin, (8) pin correspondence are connected to power supply "+" utmost point (9) and "-" utmost point (10).
2, secondary cell universal pulse width modulation charge controller according to claim 1 is characterized in that dual operational amplifier Ic 1-1Amplifier (5) pin (positive input terminal) is through resistance R 4Be connected to potentiometer W 1Current potential adjustment end (12), (6) pin (negative input end) is through resistance R 6Be connected to V 3Emitter (18), (7) pin (amplifier out) is through resistance R 5Meet triode V 2Base stage (15).Triode V 2, V 3The multiple tube collector electrode that is constituted connects and is recharged pond (group) E "-" utmost point (16), is recharged pond (group) E "+" utmost point and is connected to power supply "+" utmost point (9), V 3Insert resistance R between the emitter (18) and power supply "-" utmost point (10) 8
3, secondary cell universal pulse width modulation charge controller according to claim 1 is characterized in that cross-over connection potentiometer W between the three terminal regulator Ic2 output end of pressure-stabilizing (20) and power supply "+" utmost point (9) 2, its voltage stabilizing value should be greater than the voltage behind the battery pack full charge.Potentiometer W 2The current potential adjustment is terminated at dual operational amplifier Ic 1-2Comparator (2) pin (negative input end).
4, secondary cell universal pulse width modulation charge controller according to claim 1 is characterized in that DC power supply "+" utmost point (9) is through voltage regulation resistance R 1With voltage-stabiliser tube Dw to power supply "-" utmost point (10), voltage-stabiliser tube Dw two ends (11), (10) cross-over connection potentiometer W 1, potentiometer W 1Current potential adjustment end (12) is through resistance R 4Be connected to dual operational amplifier Ic 1-1Amplifier (5) pin (positive input terminal).
CNU2004200379630U 2004-01-09 2004-01-09 Universal pulse width modulating charge controller for secondary battery Expired - Fee Related CN2674744Y (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104590044A (en) * 2014-12-03 2015-05-06 安徽贵博新能科技有限公司 Alternating current charging safety monitoring device for electric vehicle

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104590044A (en) * 2014-12-03 2015-05-06 安徽贵博新能科技有限公司 Alternating current charging safety monitoring device for electric vehicle
CN104590044B (en) * 2014-12-03 2017-01-11 安徽贵博新能科技有限公司 Alternating current charging safety monitoring device for electric vehicle

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