CN105958591A - Charge and discharge instrument for repairing lead storage battery and repairing charge method for lead storage battery - Google Patents
Charge and discharge instrument for repairing lead storage battery and repairing charge method for lead storage battery Download PDFInfo
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- CN105958591A CN105958591A CN201610415965.6A CN201610415965A CN105958591A CN 105958591 A CN105958591 A CN 105958591A CN 201610415965 A CN201610415965 A CN 201610415965A CN 105958591 A CN105958591 A CN 105958591A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
- H01M10/443—Methods for charging or discharging in response to temperature
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0047—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with monitoring or indicating devices or circuits
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0047—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with monitoring or indicating devices or circuits
- H02J7/0048—Detection of remaining charge capacity or state of charge [SOC]
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a charge and discharge instrument for repairing a lead storage battery. The charge and discharge instrument comprises a control module, a discharge module, a charge module, a temperature compensation device and a housing, wherein the temperature compensation device is arranged outside the housing and a signal port of the temperature compensation device is connected with the control module; control terminals of the charge module and the discharge module are connected to the control module separately and power lines are connected with two ends of the external lead storage battery respectively when the charge module and the discharge module are used; the control module controls repairing charge and discharge processes on the storage battery; at least two stages of current with different strength are set in the charge process, at least one primary discharge process is set in the charge process at an interval and the total remaining charge capacity of the charge capacity and the discharge capacity is a rated value of 1.5-3.0C/Ah; and the control module controls the charge module to achieve charge capacity temperature compensation on the lead storage battery according to an input signal of the temperature compensation device. The invention further discloses a repairing charge method for the lead storage battery.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of storage battery repair, in particular to a charging and discharging instrument for repairing a lead storage battery and a charging method for repairing the capacity of the lead storage battery.
Background
Lead storage batteries are called storage batteries for short, and occupy an absolutely dominating position in high-power/high-capacity fields such as electric tractors, vehicle and ship starting, communication stations, energy storage and the like, but lead storage batteries have the defects of short service life and easy scrapping in advance, according to statistics in 2015, the production power of the lead storage batteries in China reaches 2 ten million KVAh, and the number of the lead storage batteries which are discarded and replaced every year only by an electric bicycle is more than 8 hundred million, so that the repair of the lead storage batteries becomes a new industry.
In the prior art, there are various methods for repairing lead storage batteries, including rich solution supplementary charging, positive/negative pulse charging, multi-stage intelligent charging, high-temperature shelving method, etc., and such repairing methods need to perform different charging technical treatments on batteries with different capacity decay states, and require that repairing personnel have richer technical experience; in recent years, due to the development of functional polymer material technology, a plurality of functional materials special for repairing the storage battery appear in the market, the technical principle of traditional repairing of the storage battery is changed profoundly, and the charging method for repairing the lead storage battery is further influenced. For example, the active substance of the positive electrode is melted out, the industry recommends a high-temperature laying method in the past, generally, the lead storage battery needs to be laid for 48-72 hours in a temperature environment of 75-85 ℃, and then the positive electrode is repaired by charging with low current, but some functional polymer additives newly appeared in the market can enable lead sulfate/lead dioxide to realize the crystal recombination of a crystal lattice conduction band in the oxidation/reduction charge-discharge process, and the capacity of the recovered positive electrode is not limited to be charged with low current any more; for example, the industry recommends a pulse charging method in recent years, and a specially designed pulse charger is needed, but some functional polymer additives emerging in the market can help the electrolyte to directly permeate into the salinized lead sulfate crystals to recover the power receiving capacity of the negative electrode, and the negative electrode can be repaired by recharging with a certain amount of electricity.
Generally speaking, on the basis of the technology of applying functional polymer materials, the current market has relatively ideal overall repairing effect on lead storage batteries, and the industry generally needs to improve the industrial repairing efficiency. For the reason of this new market, there is a strong demand in the market for an automatic charging and discharging apparatus that targets lead storage battery repair for use.
The product series of existing chargers or charging and discharging machines in the prior art can be roughly classified into 4 types:
1) the charger is mainly used as a charger for electric vehicle batteries or mobile phone batteries and is characterized in that constant voltage is set at the final charging stage (or constant voltage is set before the last charging), and the constant voltage charging of the storage battery is not rated electric quantity;
2) the charging and discharging machine is mainly used for high-end instruments, and although the charging and discharging functions are arranged, the charging or discharging data need to be manually set when the charging and discharging machine is used;
3) the charge-discharge machine is mainly used for high-end instruments and industries, although the charge-discharge machine is provided with charge and discharge functions, the charge-discharge machine needs to be programmed when in use, and the charge-discharge program is not solidified in an internal control system;
4) in an intelligent charging and discharging machine, for example, technical documents disclosed in chinese patent No. ZL2012102579452 and the like, there are mentioned intelligent technical solutions for determining a charge amount and a charging mode by obtaining data by discharging a battery, and although the charging and discharging are programmed and solidified, the remaining charge amount of a program is not a rated one.
The existing chargers or charging and discharging machines in the 4 types of markets are not suitable for being used for repairing storage batteries.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defect that the existing charger or charging and discharging machine is not suitable for repairing and using the storage battery, thereby providing a charging and discharging instrument capable of effectively repairing the lead storage battery.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a charge/discharge instrument for lead storage battery repair, including: the device comprises a control module 1, a discharging module 2, a charging module 3, a temperature compensation device 5 and a shell 4; the temperature compensation device 5 is arranged outside the shell 4, and the signal end of the temperature compensation device is connected with the control module 1; the control ends of the charging module 3 and the discharging module 2 are respectively connected with the control module 1, when in use, the power output ends of the charging module 3 and the discharging module 2 are respectively connected with two ends of an external lead storage battery 6 to be repaired, and the control module 1 controls the repairing charge-discharge process of the external lead storage battery 6; wherein,
the charging process controlled by the control module 1 is at least provided with two sections of currents with different intensities, at least one discharging process is arranged at intervals in the charging process, no matter how many times charging and discharging are arranged in the charging and discharging process, the residual charging quantity of the total charging quantity and the discharging quantity is rated based on the temperature of 25 ℃, and the value range of the residual charging quantity is 1.5-3.0C/Ah; and the control module 1 stores the compensation logic of the residual charge amount, and controls the charging module 3 to realize corresponding compensation of the residual charge amount on the external lead storage battery 6 according to the signal input by the temperature compensation device 5. The C/Ah is the nominal capacity of the lead storage battery 6 to be repaired externally.
In the above technical solution, the control module 1 controls the process of repairing the external lead storage battery 6 to charge and discharge further includes: setting deep discharge before initial charging, wherein the discharge depth of the deep discharge is equal to or less than 0.1C/A current until the voltage at two ends of the lead storage battery 6 is equal to or less than 1.0V/cell average; wherein, the deep discharge is realized by adopting any one of the following methods: a one-stage constant current discharge method, a multi-stage constant current discharge method, and a non-steady constant current discharge method.
In the above technical solution, the control module 1 controls the process of repairing the external lead storage battery 6 to charge and discharge further includes: after the end of charging, a capacity check discharge is provided, the discharge amperage of which is determined by the technical industry standards for the battery 6.
In the above technical solution, the charging process controlled by the control module 1 is charging in stages, the charging in stages includes constant current charging in an early stage and a stepped down current charging process in a later stage of charging, and includes selectively setting the magnitude of the current intensity to alternate and setting the charging current intensity to be 0 in the charging process.
In the technical scheme, in the discharging process set in the charging process, the value range of the electric quantity discharged continuously every time is 0.01-0.5C/Ah, and the value range of the current intensity discharged is 0.05-1.0C/A.
As a technical improvement scheme of the temperature compensation device 5, the temperature compensation device 5 includes an n-gear selector switch, n is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1, the selector switch includes a mechanical switch and an electric control switch, each gear signal end of the selector switch is connected to a corresponding input end of the control module 1, when in use, a signal is selectively input to the control module 1 through a gear of the selector switch, and the charging module 3 compensates the residual charge amount of the lead storage battery 6 under the corresponding control of the control module 1.
As another technical improvement of the temperature compensation device 5, the temperature compensation device 5 further includes a temperature sensor that inputs ambient temperature data outside the housing 4 to the control module 1, and the charging module 3 compensates the lead storage battery 6 for a residual charge amount under automatic control of the control module 1.
In the above technical solution, the control module 1 further includes a voltage monitoring interface for the storage battery, and a logic data line of the voltage monitoring interface is connected to two ends of the power output of the charging module 3, or is connected to two ends of the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the lead storage battery 6 outside the housing 4;
the charging and discharging instrument monitors the voltage of the lead storage battery 6 through the control module 1, and when the charging module 3 charges the lead storage battery 6 with 0.1-0.8C/Ah electric quantity and the voltage of the two ends of the lead storage battery 6 is lower than 2.0V/single-cell average, or when the charging module 3 charges the lead storage battery with 1.0-2.0C/Ah electric quantity and the voltage of the two ends of the lead storage battery 6 is lower than 2.5V/single-cell average, the charging and discharging instrument automatically stops working.
In the above technical solution, further comprising: a display device 7; the display device 7 is used for displaying the state information of the charge-discharge instrument; the display device 7 includes, but is not limited to, a digital display or a color lamp display.
The invention also provides a method for repairing and charging the lead storage battery by adopting the charging and discharging instrument, which comprises the following steps:
step 1), deep discharging is carried out on the lead storage battery to be repaired, and the deep discharging depth reaches that the current is less than or equal to 0.1C/A to discharge until the voltage at two ends of the lead storage battery 6 is less than or equal to 1.0V/cell average;
step 2), after the deep discharge is finished, starting a staged charging process, at least setting two sections of currents with different intensities in the staged charging process, and setting a discharging process at least once at intervals in the charging process; in addition, no matter how many times of charging and discharging are set in the charging and discharging process, the total residual charge quantity of the charge quantity and the discharge quantity is rated, and the value range of the residual charge quantity is 1.5-3.0C/Ah; in the set discharging process, the value range of electric quantity of each continuous discharging is 0.01-0.5C/Ah, and the value range of current intensity of discharging is 0.05-1.0C/A;
step 3), after the charging is finished in stages, capacity check discharging is set.
The invention has the advantages that:
according to the functional materials appearing in the storage battery repair market and the application effect thereof, the storage battery repair method is designed by applying a large amount of experience sets of the residual charge amount and the repair program, and the repair efficiency of the storage battery can be effectively improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a charge and discharge meter for lead storage battery repair according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph of voltage variation for constant current discharge of a 6DZM failed cell;
FIG. 3 is a schematic flow diagram for achieving deep discharge of a battery;
FIG. 4(a) is a graph showing a voltage variation tendency of deep discharge;
FIG. 4(b) is a graph showing a current variation tendency of deep discharge;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of a charge and discharge instrument for lead storage battery repair according to another embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic structural view of a charge and discharge meter for lead storage battery repair according to still another embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a graph showing the charging/discharging I/T timing for repairing in example 1;
FIG. 8 is a graph showing the charging/discharging I/T timing for repairing in example 5;
FIG. 9 is a repair charge/discharge I/T timing chart in example 6.
Reference symbols of the drawings
1. A control module; 2. A discharge module; 3. A charging module; 4. A housing;
5. a temperature compensation device; 6. A storage battery; 7. An external display device; 8. A multi-gear switch.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 1, in one embodiment, the charge and discharge meter for repairing a secondary battery of the present invention includes: the device comprises a control module 1, a discharging module 2, a charging module 3, a temperature compensation device 5 and a shell 4; wherein, the temperature compensation device 5 is arranged outside the shell 4, and the signal end of the temperature compensation device is connected with the control module 1; the control ends of the charging module 3 and the discharging module 2 are respectively connected with the control module 1, the power output ends of the charging module 3 and the discharging module 2 are respectively connected with two ends of an external storage battery 6 to be repaired when the battery is used, and the control module 1 is used for controlling the charging and discharging process, so that the external storage battery 6 is repaired.
The discharging module 2 is used for releasing the electric energy in the storage battery 6 to be repaired. The discharging module 2 receives the instruction sent by the control module 1 in the working process, can execute the set discharging operation on the lead storage battery 6 according to the instruction, and returns a signal for finishing the discharging to the control module 1.
The charging module 3 is used for charging the storage battery 6 to be repaired, and the charging module 3 receives the instruction sent by the control module 1 in the working process, can execute the set charging operation on the storage battery 6 according to the instruction, and returns a signal for completing the charging to the control module 1.
The temperature compensation device 5 can have various design forms, in one embodiment, the temperature compensation device 5 is designed as an n-gear selector switch, wherein n is a positive integer larger than or equal to 1, and a signal for adjusting control data is directly input to the control module 1 through the gear selection of a user on the selector switch, so that the control module 1 correspondingly selects a control program required to be correspondingly executed through the comparison of stored data, and the charging module 3 is controlled to compensate the charging amount of the lead storage battery 6; in another embodiment, the temperature compensation device 5 is designed as a temperature sensor, and the temperature sensor automatically inputs ambient temperature data outside the housing 4 into the control module 1, so that the control module 1 automatically adjusts the control data stored therein, thereby controlling the charging module 3 to realize temperature compensation of the charging amount of the storage battery 6 corresponding to the external ambient temperature.
In the specific implementation of the technical scheme of the invention, the discharging module 2 and the charging module 3 can be two independent devices, and can also be realized by designing a discharging/charging integrated machine.
The control module 1 controls the charging and discharging process, and the charging method for repairing the lead storage battery comprises the following steps: at least two sections of currents with different intensities are set in the charging process, at least one discharging process is set at intervals in the charging process, and no matter how many times of charging and discharging are set in the charging and discharging process, the total residual charging quantity of the charging quantity and the discharging quantity is rated, the rated residual charging quantity takes the temperature of 25 ℃ as a base, and the value range is 1.5-3.0C/Ah. The remaining charge is also called as a repair charge, and is defined as the charge minus the discharge, and the remaining charge is related to the repair effect of the storage battery, the storage battery to be repaired cannot be activated when the remaining charge is too small, and the storage battery is easily damaged by charging when the remaining charge is too large, especially the storage battery with the electrode plate active material seriously softened and failed due to long-term overcharge.
From the foregoing description, it can be known that the charging process in the charging and discharging repair process controlled by the control module 1 belongs to staged charging, where the staged charging includes constant current charging in an early stage of charging and stepped current reduction charging in a later stage of charging, and the magnitude of the charging current intensity is selected and set to be alternately changed; for example, the current intensity at the early stage of charging is 0.25C/A (relatively small current of 0.01-0.1C/A is selectively inserted for several minutes during the period), and the current intensity at the last stage of charging is 0.05C/A. During the charging process, a standing process in which the charging current intensity is set to 0 can also be selected.
The discharge process set in the charging process is quantitative discharge, the rated discharge capacity is 0.01-0.5C/Ah, the industry is commonly called shallow discharge, and the current intensity value range of the shallow discharge is generally 0.05-1.0C/A. The execution time of the shallow discharge operation is related to the residual capacity in the storage battery, and generally, the repair effect of setting shallow discharge in the middle stage of charging is better when the residual capacity of the storage battery is less than 0.7C/Ah; the execution times of the shallow discharge operation are related to the residual capacity in the storage battery, and the repairing effect of setting multiple times of shallow discharge in the middle charging period is better for the storage battery with the residual capacity less than 0.5C/Ah. The C/A is the current intensity of the nominal capacity value of the lead storage battery 6.
The charging amount required by the storage battery repair is larger, the storage battery repair is easier to heat compared with the conventional storage battery charging, small-current charging or standing is changed at intervals for a certain time (for example, 0.5-1 h), and particularly shallow discharging (partial electric energy of the storage battery is discharged) in a certain mode is set, so that the storage battery repair method has obvious effects of eliminating bubbles generated in the storage battery, weakening polarization concentration of electrolyte around an internal polar plate and improving the charging efficiency of the next stage.
The failed storage battery generally has a secondary energy platform in a single cell 1.0-1.6V interval, and the attached figure 2 shows a voltage variation curve of constant current discharge of a 6DZM failed battery, which shows that the failed battery has larger energy accumulated in a single cell average 1.5V interval, and the energy of the low voltage platform is effectively released to repair and charge the storage battery, so that the repair effect of the storage battery is better. Therefore, as a preferred implementation manner, the charge and discharge repairing process controlled by the control module 1 further includes: a deep discharge is set before the initial charge. The deep discharge is different from the quantitative discharge arranged at intervals in the process of restoring and charging, the deep discharge is arranged before restoring and initial charging, and the discharge depth is required to be equal to or less than 0.1C/A current for discharging until the voltage at two ends of the storage battery 6 is equal to or less than 1.0V/cell average.
The method for realizing deep discharge of the storage battery can be any method in the prior art, including but not limited to: one-stage constant current, multi-stage constant current, and unsteady constant current discharge methods. In an embodiment of deep discharge, the decreasing current intensity rule is set to I-MKIeWhere M denotes a decreasing coefficient, IeIn order to obtain the discharge current intensity at the initial stage of deep discharge of the battery, the positive integer K represents a decreasing order, and the embodiment preferably has a value of 0.618. When the discharge voltage reaches a set value V2Then, the discharge current intensity starts to decrease in the first step, K is 1, and the discharge current is reducedThe flow intensity is reduced to 0.618IeBecause the current is reduced, namely the discharging load is lightened, the battery voltage can naturally rebound, and when the discharging voltage of the storage battery reaches V again2The discharge current level begins a second step decrease, at which time K becomes 2 and the discharge current level drops to 0.6182Ie＝0.382Ie… … and so on, until the accumulator is discharged to V with a set small current intensity2Fig. 3 shows a logic flow for realizing deep discharge of the pair of storage batteries, in which deep discharge of 3 th order or more is realized as much as possible when time is allowed. Generally, the final stage is discharged deep to V2The current intensity is preferably less than or equal to 0.05C/A.
The deep discharge operation may also select a constant impedance as a load, for example, a corresponding impedance of 0.2C/a (the resistance value is calculated as 2.0V/cell average voltage) as a discharge load, and discharge the battery to a discharge depth of 0.2V/cell average. The obvious advantage of applying rated impedance deep discharge is that the current intensity can be automatically adjusted along with the reduction of the discharge voltage of the storage battery 6 during deep discharge, the lower the voltage is, the smaller the current is, no additional current adjustment control circuit is needed, the technical requirement of deep discharge of the storage battery can be simply and effectively realized, and the deep discharge device is particularly suitable for single-cell storage batteries, and the attached drawings 4(a) and 4(b) are schematic graphs of the variation trend of the voltage and the current of the deep discharge.
The charging capacity of the battery repair process is closely related to the external ambient temperature, and is more sensitive to the external ambient temperature than conventional charging. The charging capacity of the storage battery at the temperature of 25 ℃ is better, when the environmental temperature is higher than 25 ℃, the electrochemical reaction degree is increased, and the charging quantity needs to be properly reduced; when the ambient temperature is lower than 25 ℃, the electrochemical reaction is weakened and the charge amount needs to be increased appropriately. One preferable coefficient of the charge amount temperature compensation is as follows: when the ambient temperature outside the charging and discharging instrument is higher than 25 ℃, the residual charge amount of 0.02C/Ah is reduced when the temperature rises by 1 ℃ on average; when the external environment temperature of the charging and discharging instrument is lower than 25 ℃, the residual charge quantity of 0.03C/Ah is increased every 1 ℃ drop on average. In practical design, the charging module 3 does not necessarily need to perform fine continuous compensation on the residual charge of the battery 6, and for example, the residual charge of the battery 6 may be configured to be compensated in stages for each change of 3 ℃ or 5 ℃.
In another embodiment, based on the foregoing embodiment, the control module 1 further includes a voltage monitoring interface for the battery, and a logic data line of the voltage monitoring interface is connected to two ends of the power output of the charging module 3 internally or connected to two ends of the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the battery 6 outside the housing 4.
The control module 1 monitors the voltage of the storage battery 6, and is used for preventing the charge and discharge instrument from continuously doing useless work under the conditions of passing and serious micro short circuit in the storage battery; when the conventional storage battery is charged with 0.1-0.8C/Ah electric quantity, the voltage at two ends of the storage battery 6 is higher than 2.0V/cell average, and when the conventional storage battery is charged with 1.0-2.0C/Ah electric quantity, the voltage at two ends of the storage battery is higher than 2.5V/cell average, if the normal state of the storage battery is not met, the fact that the storage battery is charged has internal passing and serious micro short circuit indicates that the charging and discharging instrument loses significance when continuously working.
Referring to fig. 5, in another embodiment, in addition to the embodiment shown in fig. 1, the charging and discharging instrument for repairing a battery according to the present invention further includes: and a display device 7, wherein the display device 7 can select and display the real-time charging/discharging current value, the accumulated residual charge amount, the normal completion of the repair charging program, the abnormal stop of the charging and the like of the charging and discharging instrument. The display device 7 includes, but is not limited to, a digital display or a color lamp display.
The capacity checking and discharging is set after the automatic repairing charging is finished, so that the practical value of the implementation of the invention is improved, and the capacity checking and discharging function can be set to be automatically executed after the storage battery is repaired or to be manually restarted and executed; the discharge amperage of said capacity check is determined by technical check standards for this type of accumulator 6, well known in the industry, for example a discharge amperage of 0.5C/a for electric bicycle batteries, a discharge amperage of 0.2C/a for electric tractor batteries, a discharge amperage of 0.1C/a for indoor UPS batteries.
In order to further improve the practical value of the invention, the charge-discharge instrument can be designed into a one-machine multi-gear mode, wherein a multi-gear switch 8 is added to the one-machine multi-gear mode, the multi-gear switch 8 is arranged outside the shell 4, and the state signal input end of the multi-gear switch is connected with the control module 1, as shown in fig. 6; corresponding to each gear of the multi-gear switch 8, a corresponding control program is stored in the control module 1, and when a user uses the multi-gear charging and discharging instrument, the control data of the control module 1 can be changed by selecting the gear of the multi-gear switch 8, so that the residual charging amount of the charging module 3 on the storage battery 6 is changed. In an embodiment designed to be universal for automatic repair of 6DZM12, 6DZM20 and 6DZM33 batteries, the multi-gear switch 8 is designed to be three-gear, a control program for charging/discharging the three specifications of batteries is stored in the control module 1, and when the multi-gear switch 8 is used, a user can respectively realize the repair of the three specifications of batteries through the gear of the multi-gear switch 8.
The charging and discharging instrument with one machine and multiple gears design forms has the application in the storage battery repair. Some storage batteries are difficult to restore and charge once to reach the nominal capacity, need to restore and charge for the second time, and usually supplement certain rated electric quantity by stages with constant current; although the capacity distribution of the storage battery is disordered, the storage battery can be effectively classified, for example, the capacity states are classified into various types such as 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50% and the like based on the nominal capacity, and the electric quantity of 150%, 180%, 210%, 240% and 270% C/Ah needs to be supplemented respectively.
The charging and discharging instrument can be designed into a single-machine single-way or multi-way mode; the charging and discharging instrument does not limit the charged voltage range of the storage battery, and can be designed to charge m storage batteries (m is a positive integer), for example, the voltage output interval of the charging and discharging instrument is designed to be 3V, and the storage battery with nominal 2V is subjected to repair charging; the voltage output interval is designed to be 20V, and the storage battery with the nominal voltage of 12V is subjected to repair charging; the voltage output interval is designed to be 105V, and 6 batteries with 12V in nominal are repaired and charged; the voltage output interval is designed to be 320V, the storage battery with 18 nominal 12V is subjected to repair charging, and the like.
The technical scheme of the charging and discharging instrument of the present invention is further described with reference to the following specific examples.
Example 1
A charging and discharging instrument with temperature compensation selection for repairing a 6DZM12 lead storage battery is designed.
The embodiment is designed as a charging and discharging integrated machine, and comprises a control module 1, a discharging module 2, a charging module 3, a temperature compensation device 5 and a shell 4; the temperature compensation device 5 is designed as a 10-gear selection switch and is arranged outside the shell 4, and signal ends of various gears of the temperature compensation device are connected with the control module 1; the control ends of the charging module 3 and the discharging module 2 are respectively connected with the control module 1, the control module 1 stores charging and discharging control programs, the output ends of the charging module 3 and the discharging module 2 share two power lines outwards, and the power lines are respectively connected to the positive end and the negative end of an external storage battery 6 to be repaired during use; the outside of the shell 4 is provided with a power switch and an external display device 7, the external display device adopts a color lamp for displaying, and the input end of the external display device is connected with the control module 1 and used for reflecting the normal charging, normal charging stopping and abnormal charging stopping states.
According to the standard conditions of 6DZM12 (12V12Ah, 2h discharge rate, 6A of discharge current intensity and 10.50V of discharge termination voltage), pretreating the storage battery 6 to be repaired, wherein the pretreatment process comprises adding repair liquid, vacuumizing and standing for 2h, and then carrying out deep discharge; the deep discharge design is realized by other instrument conditions, and the discharge depth requires that the voltage at two ends of the storage battery 6 reaches 3V by using 0.5A current.
The color lamp arranged outside the shell 4 is divided into three colors, green is used for reflecting a normal charging state, and the lamp is automatically turned off after a repairing charging program is normally finished; when the 2.5Ah electric quantity is charged and the voltage of the two ends of the storage battery 6 is still lower than 12.0V, the repairing and charging procedure is automatically stopped, and the color lamp displays red; when the 15Ah electric quantity is charged and the voltage of the two ends of the storage battery 6 is still lower than 15.0V, the repairing and charging process is automatically stopped, and the color lamp displays yellow.
After the power switch is started, the charging and discharging program of the 25 ℃ environment temperature stored in the control module 1 automatically realizes the following charging and discharging program of the storage battery 6 by controlling the circuits of the charging module 3 and the discharging module 2:
4h for 3.0A charge, 1h for 3.5A discharge, 1h for 3.0A charge, 2h for 2.0A charge, 3h for 1.2A charge, and 9h for 0.6A charge, totaling the charge time 22h, and totaling the remaining charge 24.5 Ah.
FIG. 7 shows the repair charge/discharge I/T timing curve of this example at an ambient temperature of 25 ℃.
The 10-gear temperature compensation device 5 in the form of the selection switch is designed corresponding to a temperature interval of-5 ℃ to 40 ℃, the interval of 5 ℃ is marked on the shell 4 as one gear, and each gear corresponds to a corresponding control program for compensating the stored charge quantity in the control module 1; the selection of the temperature indicating gear is used for directly inputting a signal for adjusting and changing the temperature reference and the residual charge quantity into the control module 1, so that the control module 1 correspondingly adjusts a control program set by taking the temperature of 25 ℃ as the reference, and the control module 3 is used for adjusting the residual charge quantity of the storage battery 6, and the compensation relation between the temperature gear selection and the 24.5Ah residual charge quantity is as follows: when the external environment temperature of the charging and discharging instrument is higher than 25 ℃, the charging amount is correspondingly reduced by 1.2Ah when the temperature rises by 5 ℃ and falls by one gear; when the external environment temperature is lower than 25 ℃, every 5 ℃ drop is increased by one gear, and the charging quantity of 1.8Ah is correspondingly increased.
After the 6DZM12 battery of this embodiment is charged by the charging and discharging integrated machine of this embodiment, the first discharge capacity can generally reach the expected effect of the technology of more than 10Ah, and the nominal capacity can be reached after the secondary charging.
Example 2
The technical improvement is carried out on the embodiment 1, the external display device 7 arranged outside the shell 4 is changed into a liquid crystal digital display, and the input end of the liquid crystal digital display is connected with the control module 1 and is used for reflecting the real-time voltage and the charging current real-time value of the charged storage battery 6 and the normal charging stop and the abnormal charging stop of the charging and discharging integrated machine.
When the charging and discharging integrated machine is normally charged, the digital display 7 respectively displays the real-time values of the voltage at two ends of the charged storage battery 6 and the charging/discharging current in a mode of displaying every 5 seconds and switching to display 2 seconds; when the repairing and charging procedure is normally finished, the digital display 7 displays 8 completely; when the voltage at the two ends of the storage battery 6 charged with the 2.5Ah electric quantity is still lower than 12.0V, the repairing and charging program is automatically stopped, and the digital display displays 4.
The technical effect of the present embodiment on the repair charging of the storage battery is the same as that of embodiment 1, but the user can know the real-time charging/discharging current value of the storage battery, so that the pre-repair state can be judged.
Example 3
The temperature compensation device 5 of embodiment 1 is changed to a temperature sensor form.
The signal input end of the temperature sensor is connected with the control module 1, and the temperature sensor inputs the working environment temperature data outside the charging and discharging instrument shell 4 into the control module 1, so that the control module 1 automatically compensates the charging amount of the charging module 3 to the storage battery 6 according to the external working environment temperature.
The control module 1 controls the charging module 3 to compensate the temperature of the charging quantity of the storage battery 6, and when the ambient temperature outside the charging and discharging instrument is higher than 25 ℃, the charging quantity is reduced by 0.24Ah when the ambient temperature is higher than 1 ℃; when the external environment temperature of the charging and discharging instrument is lower than 25 ℃, the charging quantity of 0.36Ah is increased every 1 ℃ drop.
The embodiment can make up for the automatic adjustment requirement of the environmental temperature change on the increase or reduction of the residual charge amount in the battery repair, so that the charging and discharging instrument has stronger environmental temperature adaptability on the battery repair and better repair effect.
In the embodiment and the previous embodiment, the function of automatically discharging and checking the capacity after the storage battery is repaired can be added, the control module 1 controls the charging module 3 to continue to control the discharging module 2 to discharge to 10.50V at the constant current 6A after the charging program is finished for 1 hour, and the discharging time is recorded and displayed, so that the repaired capacity of the storage battery is clear at a glance.
Example 4
The embodiment 1 is designed as a charging and discharging integrated machine, the control module 1, the discharging module 2 and the charging module 3 are all separated and designed as three split machines, when in use, three split machines are connected in one, and correspondingly, three shells 4 are designed; when the charger is used, a logic data line of the charger with a separated charging module 3 is connected with the control module 1, and the direct-current power supply output end of the charger is fixedly connected with two ends of the storage battery 6; the logic data line of the discharging machine with the separated discharging module 2 is connected with the control module 1, and the direct-current power supply interface of the discharging machine is fixedly connected with the two ends of the storage battery 6; the control module 1 is a separate charging/discharging controller provided with a temperature compensation device 5, and a set charging/discharging control program is stored in the charging/discharging controller.
The charger and the discharge machine are respectively provided with a power switch outside the corresponding shell, an external display device 7 adopts color lamp display and is arranged outside the charge/discharge controller, and the signal input end of the external display device is connected with the display control end of the charge/discharge controller and is used for reflecting the normal charge, normal charge stop and abnormal charge stop states.
The embodiment is a modified design of embodiment 1, and has the advantages of being detachable and convenient to carry.
In the continuous deformation design of the embodiment, the logic control function of the control module 1 can be divided into two parts, the two parts are respectively embedded with the charger and the discharge machine, and the logic data lines of the charger and the discharge machine are butted when the charger and the discharge machine are used, so that the charging and discharging instrument is deformed and designed into a split machine which is used in a two-in-one mode.
Example 5
The charging and discharging integrated machine described in embodiment 1 is technically characterized in that the storage battery 6 to be repaired needs to be subjected to pretreatment deep discharge, the deep discharge of the storage battery is realized by another instrument, the deep discharge function is integrated into the charging and discharging instrument integrated design described in the present invention, and the deep discharge program is preferentially started before the automatic repair charging and discharging program for the storage battery 6 described in embodiment 1 is started.
The deep discharge adopts a multi-stage current reduction technical scheme, the voltage at two ends of the 6DZM12 storage battery 6 is set to be discharged to 10.5V at a constant current of 3.6A, 6.0V at a constant current of 2.0A and 2.0V at a constant current of 1.0A, the continuous discharge is carried out, the storage battery is kept still for 15 minutes after the deep discharge program is completed, and then the repair charge-discharge program of the storage battery 6 in the embodiment 1 is automatically started. In this embodiment, after the power switch is turned on, the charging and discharging program stored in the control module 1 automatically implements the following repairing charging and discharging program for the storage battery 6 by controlling the circuits of the charging module 3 and the discharging module 2:
3.6A to 10.5V, 2.0A to 6.0V, 1.0A to 2.0V, rest for 15 minutes, 3.0A for 4h, 3.5A for 1h, 3.0A for 1h, 2.0A for 2h, 1.2A for 3h, 0.6A for 9 h.
FIG. 8 shows the repaired charge/discharge I/T time sequence curve of this example at 25 deg.C ambient temperature.
Example 6
The repair charge and discharge procedure described in example 1 was optimized.
In the repairing charge-discharge procedure of the embodiment 1, 1 time of discharge is set in the charging process of the storage battery, and practice shows that for the storage battery with a certain polar plate active material seriously damaged and placed for a long time, the setting of multiple discharges in the repairing charge-discharge procedure is beneficial to the capacity recovery degree and the capacity rapid and stable; meanwhile, the storage battery is easy to heat in the later stage of the charging process, and the descending flow and even stopping charging for a plurality of times are beneficial to the promotion of the storage battery to the charging capacity.
The optimization design of the embodiment for repairing the charging and discharging program is as follows:
4h for 3.0A charge, 1h for 3.5A discharge, 1.5h for 3.0A charge, 1h for 3.5A discharge, 1h for 2.5A charge, 2h for 2.0A charge, 0.5h for standing, 3h for 1.2A charge, 3h for 0.9A charge, 5h for 0.6A charge, 3h for 0.4A charge, a total charge time of 27h, and a cumulative residual charge of 24.5 Ah.
FIG. 9 shows the repaired charge/discharge I/T time sequence curve of this example at 25 deg.C ambient temperature.
The repairing effect of the charging and discharging program of the embodiment on the storage battery is obviously better than that of the embodiment 1
Example 7
The deformation of the charging and discharging instrument is designed into a special supplementary charging instrument for secondary repair and charging of the storage battery.
A multi-gear switch 8 with 3 gears is designed, and the multi-gear switch 8 and a charging and discharging instrument are integrally designed; the state signal ends of 3 gears of the multi-gear switch 8 are respectively connected with different input ends of the control module 1 in the shell 4; correspondingly, the control module 1 stores 3 control programs with different residual charge amounts and different charging and discharging process data, and the design of the control programs is largely the same as the above example, and the control programs are characterized in that: residual charge amounts corresponding to the environment temperature of 25 ℃ of 3 gears in the multi-gear switch 8 are respectively rated as 18Ah, 21.6Ah and 25.2Ah, and storage batteries with the nominal capacity of 12Ah and the capacity state intervals of about 90 percent, 80 percent and 70 percent after first-time restoration charging are used as special secondary restoration charging; in use, a battery with a capacity of about 90% of the nominal capacity selects a gear with a residual charge of 18Ah, a battery with a capacity of about 80% of the nominal capacity selects a gear with a residual charge of 21.6Ah, and a battery with a capacity of about 70% of the nominal capacity selects a gear with a residual charge of 25.2 Ah.
The temperature compensation device 5 adopts the temperature sensor described in embodiment 3, the connection mode of the temperature sensor 5 is similar to that of embodiment 3, and the temperature sensor 5 can make the control module 1 automatically compensate the charging amount of the storage battery 6 through the charging module 3 according to the external environment temperature. The temperature compensation method of the charging quantity is that on the basis of 25 ℃, when the ambient temperature outside the charging and discharging instrument is higher than 25 ℃, the charging quantity is reduced by 0.24Ah every time the ambient temperature is higher than 1 ℃; when the external environment temperature of the charging and discharging instrument is lower than 25 ℃, the charging quantity of 0.36Ah is increased every 1 ℃ drop.
The embodiment can be used as a convenient and practical tool for the storage battery repair market.
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and are not limited. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A charge and discharge instrument for repairing a lead storage battery, comprising: the device comprises a control module (1), a discharging module (2), a charging module (3), a temperature compensation device (5) and a shell (4); wherein, the temperature compensation device (5) is arranged outside the shell (4), and the signal end of the temperature compensation device is connected with the control module (1); the control ends of the charging module (3) and the discharging module (2) are respectively connected with the control module (1), when the device is used, the power output ends of the charging module (3) and the discharging module (2) are respectively connected with two ends of an external lead storage battery (6) to be repaired, and the control module (1) controls the repairing and charging and discharging processes of the external lead storage battery (6); wherein,
the charging process controlled by the control module (1) is at least provided with two sections of currents with different intensities, at least one discharging process is arranged at intervals in the charging process, no matter how many times charging and discharging are arranged in the charging and discharging process, the residual charging quantity which is the sum of the charging quantity and the discharging quantity is rated on the basis of the temperature of 25 ℃, and the value range of the residual charging quantity is 1.5-3.0C/Ah; and the control module (1) stores the compensation logic of the residual charge amount, and controls the charging module (3) to realize corresponding compensation of the residual charge amount on the external lead storage battery (6) according to the signal input by the temperature compensation device (5).
2. Charging and discharging instrument for repairing lead-acid batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that said control module (1) controls the process of repairing the external lead-acid battery (6) further comprising: setting deep discharge before initial charging, wherein the deep discharge depth reaches the discharge depth of less than or equal to 0.1C/A current until the voltage at two ends of the lead storage battery (6) is less than or equal to 1.0V/cell average; wherein, the deep discharge is realized by adopting any one of the following methods: a one-stage constant current discharge method, a multi-stage constant current discharge method, and a non-steady constant current discharge method.
3. Charging and discharging instrument for repairing lead-acid batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that said control module (1) controls the process of repairing the external lead-acid battery (6) further comprising: after the end of charging, a capacity test discharge is provided, the discharge amperage of which is determined by the technical test standards of the battery (6).
4. The charging and discharging instrument for repairing a lead storage battery according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the charging process controlled by the control module (1) is a staged charging, the staged charging comprises a constant current charging in an early stage of charging and a stepped down current charging in a later stage of charging, and the charging and discharging instrument comprises a static state in which the alternating magnitude of the current intensity and the charging current intensity are set to be 0 selectively during the charging process.
5. The charging and discharging instrument for repairing a lead storage battery according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein in the discharging process set in the charging process, the electric quantity of each continuous discharging ranges from 0.01 to 0.5C/Ah, and the current intensity of the discharging ranges from 0.05 to 1.0C/A.
6. The charging and discharging instrument for repairing the lead storage battery according to claim 1, wherein the temperature compensation device (5) comprises an n-gear selector switch, and n is a positive integer not less than 1; the selective switch comprises a mechanical switch and an electric control switch, each gear signal end of the selective switch is connected with a corresponding input end of the control module (1), when the selective switch is used, signals are input into the control module (1) through gear selection of the selective switch, and under corresponding control of the control module (1), the charging module (3) compensates the residual charge amount of the lead storage battery (6).
7. The charging and discharging instrument for repairing a lead storage battery according to claim 1, wherein the temperature compensation device (5) further comprises a temperature sensor, the temperature sensor inputs environmental temperature data outside the housing (4) to the control module (1), and the charging module (3) compensates the lead storage battery (6) for a residual charge amount under automatic control of the control module (1).
8. The charging and discharging instrument for repairing a lead storage battery according to claim 1, 6 or 7, wherein the control module (1) further comprises a voltage monitoring interface for the storage battery, and a logic data line of the voltage monitoring interface is internally connected with two ends of a power output of the charging module (3) or is connected with two ends of a positive electrode and a negative electrode of the lead storage battery (6) outside the shell (4);
the control module (1) monitors the voltage of the lead storage battery (6), and when the charging module (3) charges the lead storage battery (6) with 0.1-0.8C/Ah electric quantity and the voltage of the two ends of the lead storage battery (6) is lower than 2.0V/cell average, or when the charging module (3) charges the lead storage battery with 1.0-2.0C/Ah electric quantity and the voltage of the two ends of the lead storage battery (6) is lower than 2.5V/cell average, the charging and discharging instrument automatically stops working.
9. The charging and discharging instrument for repairing a lead storage battery according to claim 1, 6, 7 or 8, further comprising: a display device (7); the display device (7) is used for displaying the state information of the charge-discharge instrument; the display device (7) includes but is not limited to digital display or color lamp display.
10. A method of recharging a lead storage battery using the charging and discharging device of any one of claims 1 to 9, comprising:
step 1), deep discharging is carried out on the lead storage battery to be repaired, and the deep discharging depth reaches that the current is less than or equal to 0.1C/A to discharge until the voltage at two ends of the lead storage battery (6) is less than or equal to 1.0V/cell average;
step 2), after the deep discharge is finished, starting a staged charging process, at least setting two sections of currents with different intensities in the staged charging process, and setting a discharging process at least once at intervals in the charging process; in addition, no matter how many times of charging and discharging are set in the charging and discharging process, the total residual charge quantity of the charge quantity and the discharge quantity is rated, and the value range of the residual charge quantity is 1.5-3.0C/Ah; in the set discharging process, the value range of electric quantity of each continuous discharging is 0.01-0.5C/Ah, and the value range of current intensity of discharging is 0.05-1.0C/A;
step 3), after the charging is finished in stages, capacity check discharging is set.
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