CN2514359Y - Optical coupler - Google Patents
Optical coupler Download PDFInfo
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- CN2514359Y CN2514359Y CN 01257692 CN01257692U CN2514359Y CN 2514359 Y CN2514359 Y CN 2514359Y CN 01257692 CN01257692 CN 01257692 CN 01257692 U CN01257692 U CN 01257692U CN 2514359 Y CN2514359 Y CN 2514359Y
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- fiber
- optical fiber
- polarization maintaining
- fiber collimator
- optical
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Abstract
The utility model provides a discrete optical elements thin film optical coupler, which includes a dual-fiber collimator, a single fiber collimator and a plated diaphragm. One polarization maintaining fiber of the dual-fiber collimator is an input port of the signal light, and the other fiber is a first output port of the signal light; the optical path of the single fiber collimator, which is a second output port of the signal light, is corresponding to the optical path of the dual-fiber collimator; the plated diaphragm, which can be a wavelength division multiplexing diaphragm or an optical power discrete optical diaphragm, is between the optical paths of the single fiber collimator and the dual-fiber collimator; either the first output port or the second output port or both of the first output port and the second output port is/are adopting the polarization maintaining fiber, the slow axes of which are mutually parallel and perpendicular to the longitudinal axis 0-0. Polarization maintaining couplers that adopts the structure can ensure consistent polarization state of the input port and at least one output port, meeting the requirement that the polarization state shall be kept consistent in special circumstances. And film can be directly plated on a lens end surface of the input port; thereby the coupler with simpler structure and low cost is more compact, stable, and reliable.
Description
Technical field
The utility model relates to the optical communication passive device, more particularly, relates in particular to discrete optical element film-type photo-coupler.
Background technology
A kind of extremely important optical passive component of photo-coupler, in recent years, along with the fast development in fields such as optical fiber communication, passive photonic loop, Optical CATV, EPON (PON), optical fiber sensing technology, its purposes also more and more widely.Photo-coupler has formed multi-functional, a multiduty product line.On function, it can be divided into luminous-power distributor (Splitter) and optical wavelength divider (WDM coupler).Make structure by it and divide fused tapered, discrete optical element film-type, waveguide type etc.Discrete component film-type coupling mechanism respectively is provided with a collimating apparatus and constitutes normally by a plated film sheet at its two ends, simple in structure, with low cost.Its non-polarization maintaining optical fibre that adopts exists factors such as out-of-roundness, microbend, internal stress, two mutually perpendicular polarization state lights transmission speed and different in optical fiber, the time that arrives output port is also different, and therefore, the output polarization state of light is also just inconsistent with incident light.Because fibre-optical bending degree, pressure, external environment factors such as (temperature, magnetic fields) also can change two axial transmission speeds, so differ random variation, the output polarization state of each port cannot be controlled.This coupling mechanism will cause shortcomings such as polarization mode dispersion, intersymbol interference in high speed transmission system, also can't use in coherent optical communication system and coherent light test macro.Above shortcoming be can overcome and protect inclined to one side fused biconical taper coupling mechanism, but complex process, thereby manufacturing cost height process equipment had relatively high expectations.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention: the photo-coupler that provides a kind of polarization state that has a delivery outlet at least to be consistent with the polarization state of input port, and simple in structure, cost is low.
For reaching above goal of the invention, the utility model provides a kind of photo-coupler, and longitudinally axle is arranged, and comprising: a double-fiber collimator, first optical fiber of this collimating apparatus are the input port of flashlight and are polarization maintaining optical fibre that second optical fiber is first delivery outlet of flashlight; One single fiber collimating apparatus, relative with the light path of described double-fiber collimator, its single fiber is second delivery outlet of flashlight; At least one is a polarization maintaining optical fibre in the optical fiber of described first delivery outlet and second delivery outlet; One plated film sheet is between described two collimating apparatus light paths; When input port and second delivery outlet were all polarization maintaining optical fibre, two optical fiber slow axis were parallel to each other; When two optical fiber of double-fiber collimator were all polarization maintaining optical fibre, two optical fiber slow axis and two fiber core lines constituted an isoceles triangle shape, and the base is two fiber core lines, and two slow axis are simultaneously vertical or coincide with two fiber core lines when limiting case.
The coatings of described plated film sheet also can directly be plated on the light output end of described double-fiber collimator lens.
Because the input port in the utility model coupler structure and what have that a delivery outlet adopts at least is polarization maintaining optical fibre so just can guarantee that the polarization state of input port and at least one delivery outlet can be consistent.And the lensed endface of the input port of coupling mechanism is plated film directly, does not need other plated film sheet, makes the structure of overall optical coupling mechanism simpler, compactness, and cost is low.
Description of drawings
Describe the utility model most preferred embodiment in detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
Figure 1A represents first kind of structural representation of the utility model film-type photo-coupler.
The structural representation of three polarization maintaining optical fibres that Figure 1B represents photo-coupler shown in Figure 1A after the axle O-O projection.
Fig. 2 represents the index path of the nearly vertical incidence thin-film of flashlight shown in Figure 1A.
Fig. 3 A represents polarization of incident light attitude shown in Figure 2.
Fig. 3 B represents polarization of reflected light attitude shown in Figure 2.
Fig. 3 C represents transmission polarization state of light shown in Figure 2.
Fig. 4 A represents second kind of structural representation of the utility model film-type photo-coupler.
The structural representation of coupling mechanism polarization maintaining optical fibre shown in Fig. 4 B presentation graphs 4A after the axle O-O projection.
Fig. 5 A represents the third structural representation of the utility model film-type photo-coupler.
The structural representation of the polarization maintaining optical fibre of coupling mechanism shown in Fig. 5 B presentation graphs 5A after the axle O-O projection.
Embodiment
Photo-coupler shown in Figure 1A comprises: the double-collimation device 1 of two optical fiber, and its first optical fiber 101 and second optical fiber 102 are panda type polarization-preserving fiber, and optical fiber 101 is the input port, optical fiber 102 is a delivery outlet, and its lens are GRIN Lens, also can be other lens; Single fiber collimating apparatus 2, its optical fiber 201 also is panda type polarization-preserving fiber, and this optical fiber 201 another delivery outlet that is flashlight; On the light path of collimating apparatus 1 and 2 alignment, be provided with a rete 3, in the present embodiment rete 3 directly is plated on the light output end of double-fiber collimator lens, when rete 3 is the wavelength-division multiplex rete, can constitute guarantor's partial wave and divide multiplexing coupler, and when rete 3 is luminous power distribution rete, just can constitutes and protect polarisation power light splitting coupler.
From the light of first optical fiber, 101 incidents of double-fiber collimator 1, after its collimated, rete 3 is with certain regular reflection part light and transmission part light.Because light beam almost is projected on the rete 3 with vertical angle, so reflected light, transmitted light polarization state are constant, face Fig. 2 explanation as follows.When rete 3 was the wavelength-division multiplex film, flashlight incided on the rete 3 from optical fiber 101, the transmittance of a wavelength, behind single fiber collimating apparatus 2 collimations, from optical fiber 201 outputs, and the light of another one wavelength is reflected by rete 3, through second optical fiber, 102 outputs of double-fiber collimator 1; Equally, when rete 3 distributes film for luminous power, flashlight incides on the rete 3 from optical fiber 101, rete 3 is distributed into two-beam to incident light according to the ratio of setting: transmitted light and reflected light, transmitted light is by 201 outputs of single fiber collimating apparatus 2 coupled into optical fibres, and reflected light is then by 102 outputs of double-fiber collimator 1 coupled into optical fibres.For above-mentioned used polarization maintaining optical fibre, also can be the polarization maintaining optical fibre of other type, as butterfly type, ellipse polarization maintaining optical fibre etc.Existing polarization maintaining optical fibre specially strengthens two stress on axially in manufacturing process, make that one of them axial polarized light obviously will be faster than the velocity of propagation of the axial polarized light of another one, this axle is referred to as fast axle, and the slower axle of another one velocity of propagation is called slow axis.General linearly polarized light only goes into to inject polarization maintaining optical fibre along slow axis, and can to guarantee to export light be linear polarization.Shown in Figure 1B, two collimating apparatuss 1 and three polarization maintaining optical fibres 101,102 of 2 and 201 slow axis are respectively 1011,1021,2011, and the three must just can make coupling mechanism have the inclined to one side function of guarantor by keeping parallelism.If reflection, transmission channels, if between the two optical fiber slow axis at its place the θ angle error is arranged, then its extinction ratio ER is: ER 〉=10
*Lg (Tan
2(θ)).Polarization state keeps well more if desired, then needs the angle of two slow axis more little; The extinction ratio of 20dB if desired, then angle must be less than about 5.7 degree; Extinction ratio is greater than 25dB, and then angle is less than 3.2 degree.
When first optical fiber, the 101 incoming line polarized lights from double-fiber collimator 1, and the polarization direction is when being parallel to the slow axis 1011 of optical fiber 101, and the emergent light of double-fiber collimator 1 (at this moment, not entering rete) polarization direction is constant.Because the parallel slow axis in linearly polarized light polarization direction that is to say the polarization direction perpendicular to the plane of incidence, transmitted light in this case and polarization of reflected light attitude are constant.So reflect to the polarization of reflected light attitude of the air-gap 5 of the transmitted light of the air-gap 6 of double-fiber collimator 1 and single fiber collimating apparatus 2 by rete 3 and can not change, guarantee that these transmitted lights and reflected light enter the output optical fibre 102 of double-fiber collimator 1 and single fiber collimating apparatus 2 and at 103 o'clock, the polarization direction all is the slow axis that is parallel to optical fiber.Like this, the outgoing polarization state of light of the optical fiber 102 of the linear polarization of the incident light of the optical fiber 101 of input signal light and output signal light and optical fiber 201 is consistent.
Fig. 2 is to be bordering on the index path of vertical angle incident rete 3.Wherein as shown in Fig. 3 A, 3B and 3C, the direction of arrow is represented the sense of rotation of polarized light to the polarization state of incident light 301, reflected light 302 and transmitted light 303 respectively, and the long axis of ellipse direction is consistent with slow-axis direction.Incident light 301 can be decomposed into the s ripple and the p ripple that is parallel to the plane of incidence perpendicular to the plane of incidence, is known that by fresnel formula both reflectivity all are (n2-n1)/(n2+n1).The p ripple does not have phase change, and the s ripple has the SPA sudden phase anomalies of 180 degree.So the polarization state of synthetic back reflection light 302 is compared with incident light 301, both polarization degree are the same, the polarization direction unanimity, and the polarized light sense of rotation is opposite.For transmitted light 303, the polarization state of transmitted light 303 such as Fig. 3 C, the transmissivity of the p of incident light 301, s ripple all is 2*n1/ (n2+n1), and the both do not have SPA sudden phase anomalies, so transmitted light 303 polarization states and incident light 301 are in full accord.No matter rete 3 is wavelength-division multiplex rete or luminous power spectro film in the present embodiment, can both satisfy the requirement that polarization state is consistent.
Coupling mechanism shown in Fig. 4 A, double-fiber collimator 1, single fiber collimating apparatus 2, rete 3, first optical fiber 101 of double-fiber collimator 1 is polarization maintaining optical fibre, and second optical fiber 103 is made as general single mode fiber, and the optical fiber 201 of single fiber collimating apparatus 2 is polarization maintaining optical fibre.Polarization maintaining optical fibre 101 and 201 slow axis are respectively 1011 and 2011, and this diaxon is parallel to each other, shown in Fig. 4 B.At this moment, from the linearly polarized light of optical fiber 101 input slow axis 1011 directions of double-fiber collimator 1, just can be from the optical fiber 201 end polarization light output of single fiber collimating apparatus 2, and the polarization direction also is parallel to 201 optical fiber slow axis 2011.Both wavelength-division multiplex rete of rete 3 this moment also can be the luminous power spectro film.
Coupling mechanism shown in Fig. 5 A, double-fiber collimator 1, single fiber collimating apparatus 2, rete 3, first optical fiber 101 of double-fiber collimator 1 is polarization maintaining optical fibre, and second optical fiber 102 is polarization maintaining optical fibre, and the optical fiber 202 of single fiber collimating apparatus 2 is made as general single mode fiber.Polarization maintaining optical fibre 101 and 102 slow axis are respectively 1011 and 1021, and this diaxon is parallel to the plane of incidence, shown in Fig. 5 B.At this moment, from the linearly polarized light of polarization maintaining optical fibre 101 input slow axis 1011 directions of double-fiber collimator 1, just can be from its second polarization maintaining optical fibre, 102 end polarization light output, and the polarization direction also is parallel to 102 optical fiber slow axis 1021.And both wavelength-division multiplex rete of rete 3 also can be the luminous power spectro film.
In polarization-maintaining coupler structure of the present utility model, the model of the polarization maintaining optical fibre of input port and delivery outlet can be inconsistent, all can reach the polarization state requirement consistent with the input port of protecting inclined to one side delivery outlet.
Claims (6)
1, a kind of photo-coupler, longitudinally axle O-O arranges, and comprising:
One double-fiber collimator, first optical fiber of this collimating apparatus is the input port of flashlight, second optical fiber is first delivery outlet of flashlight;
One single fiber collimating apparatus, relative with the light path of described double-fiber collimator, its optical fiber is second delivery outlet of flashlight;
One plated film sheet is between described two collimating apparatus light paths;
It is characterized in that: described first optical fiber is polarization maintaining optical fibre, and at least one is a polarization maintaining optical fibre in second optical fiber of double-fiber collimator and the optical fiber of single fiber collimating apparatus; When input port and second delivery outlet were all polarization maintaining optical fibre, two optical fiber slow axis were parallel to each other; When two optical fiber of double-fiber collimator were all polarization maintaining optical fibre, two optical fiber slow axis and two fiber core lines constituted an isoceles triangle shape, and the base is two fiber core lines, and two slow axis are simultaneously vertical or coincide with two fiber core lines when limiting case.
2, photo-coupler according to claim 1 is characterised in that, described plated film sheet is a wavelength-division multiplex plated film sheet.
3, photo-coupler according to claim 1 is characterised in that, described plated film sheet is a luminous power beam split plated film sheet.
According to claim 1,2 or 3 described photo-couplers, be characterised in that 4, described plated film sheet is close on the light output end of double-fiber collimator lens.
5, according to claim 1,2 or 3 described photo-couplers, be characterised in that described coatings directly is plated on the light output end of described double-fiber collimator lens.
6, photo-coupler according to claim 1 is characterised in that, described polarization maintaining optical fibre is the polarization maintaining optical fibre of panda type, butterfly type, ellipse or D type.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 01257692 CN2514359Y (en) | 2001-10-30 | 2001-10-30 | Optical coupler |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 01257692 CN2514359Y (en) | 2001-10-30 | 2001-10-30 | Optical coupler |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN2514359Y true CN2514359Y (en) | 2002-10-02 |
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ID=33666393
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 01257692 Expired - Fee Related CN2514359Y (en) | 2001-10-30 | 2001-10-30 | Optical coupler |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN2514359Y (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102798935A (en) * | 2012-08-03 | 2012-11-28 | 无锡爱沃富光电科技有限公司 | Light-splitting WDM device structure |
| CN111999813A (en) * | 2020-08-07 | 2020-11-27 | 上海中科创欣通讯设备有限公司 | Method for optimizing polarization dependent loss |
-
2001
- 2001-10-30 CN CN 01257692 patent/CN2514359Y/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102798935A (en) * | 2012-08-03 | 2012-11-28 | 无锡爱沃富光电科技有限公司 | Light-splitting WDM device structure |
| CN111999813A (en) * | 2020-08-07 | 2020-11-27 | 上海中科创欣通讯设备有限公司 | Method for optimizing polarization dependent loss |
| CN111999813B (en) * | 2020-08-07 | 2022-11-18 | 上海中科创欣通讯设备有限公司 | Method for optimizing polarization dependent loss |
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| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| C19 | Lapse of patent right due to non-payment of the annual fee | ||
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |