CN101231369B - Waveguide type polarization independence light ring machine based on polarization mode segregator - Google Patents
Waveguide type polarization independence light ring machine based on polarization mode segregator Download PDFInfo
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- CN101231369B CN101231369B CN2008100207020A CN200810020702A CN101231369B CN 101231369 B CN101231369 B CN 101231369B CN 2008100207020 A CN2008100207020 A CN 2008100207020A CN 200810020702 A CN200810020702 A CN 200810020702A CN 101231369 B CN101231369 B CN 101231369B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a waveguide type polarization-independent optical circulator based on a polarization mode separator, which is characterized in that the optical circulator comprises a first polarization mode separator (1) and a second polarization mode separator (2), a waveguide type faraday rotating mirror (3) and a half-wave plate (4) connected with each other are provided between the two polarization mode separators, the first polarization mode separator (1) and the second polarization mode separator (2) are respectively comprises a first optical power splitter (5), a second optical power splitter (6), a first magneto-optical waveguide (7) and a second magneto-optical waveguide (8). The invention has the advantages of simple structure, and easy integration; remarkably reduced insertion loss compared with phase separation adjuster; high bandwidth, insensitive polarization, and easy integration with optical communication system; and effectively reduced polarization crosstalk.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of waveguide type polarization irrelevant optical circulator, relate in particular to a kind of optical circulator, belong to optical communication applications field and integrated optics field based on Mach-zehnder type integrated waveguide polarization mode separation vessel based on the polarization mode separation vessel.
Background technology
Magneto-optic memory technique is adding under the action of a magnetic field, can promptly produce Faraday magnetooptical effect to exerting an influence through wherein polarization polarization state of light.And for the magneto-optic waveguide of transverse configurations, under the effect of the externally-applied magnetic field vertical with optical propagation direction, the propagation constant of forward-propagating of TM mould and backpropagation is different, thereby can produce nonreciprocal phase shift, utilize the characteristics of non-reciprocity of magneto-optic memory technique can make devices such as optical circulator, optoisolator.
TE-TM polarization mode separation vessel in order to the TE that polarization state in the waveguide is vertical (transverse electric field), TM (transverse magnetic) pattern separately, in optical fiber telecommunications system and optical fiber sensing system, play an important role, can constitute devices such as photoswitch, optoisolator, optical circulator, acousto-optic tunable filter, wave filter based on the polarization mode separation vessel, in various optical communication applications fields such as WDM (Wavelength Division Multiplexing, wavelength-division multiplex) optical-fiber network and coherent optical detection, important application is arranged.
At present, the TE-TM polarization mode separation vessel of existing multiple different structure.Adopt the gluing technique of special refraction materials glass and multilayer film can make polarization beam splitter prism, different polarization light is throwed respectively and reflects, can realize the separation of polarisation beam.But it is integrated that the polarized Beam Splitter type polarization mode separation vessel that polarization beam splitter prism constitutes is unfavorable for waveguide and optical communication system, simultaneously, the gluing technique of prism and multilayer film had relatively high expectations.Directional Coupling Optic polarization mode separation vessel based on the coupled modes principle design utilizes the asymmetry of two branch-waveguides to realize, coupled zone at a branch-waveguide has covered metal level, change the real part and the imaginary part of duct propagation constant effectively, and to this change of TM mould much larger than the TE mould, utilize the branch-waveguide that covers metal level that the absorption of TM mould is suppressed the coupling of TM mould, thereby realize the separation of TE, TM mould.But this structure needs special process to reduce loss and the polarization cross-talk of TM, and requires that very big spacing is arranged between the coupling mechanism waveguide, is unfavorable for integrated.Y branching type polarization mode separation vessel is because branches angle is less, and not only requirement on machining accuracy is higher, and device size is bigger, is unfavorable for integrated.
Optical circulator is the important component part of optical communication system, is playing the part of important role in wdm system, and the waveguide type optical circulator is because low price and be easy to integrated characteristic becomes the research focus.Most of waveguide type optical circulators only work in the TM mould, and the polarization irrelevant optical circulator both can work in the TM mould to the pattern no requirement (NR) of input light, also can work in the TE mould.
At present, waveguide type polarization irrelevant optical circulator is many based on types such as Y branch and directional couplers, and minority adopts devices such as photonic crystal, blazed grating to realize.Because structural characteristics such as Y branching type, Directional Coupling Optic, device size is bigger, is unfavorable for the integrated of optical circulator structure.
Magneto-optic memory technique is adding under the action of a magnetic field, can promptly produce Faraday magnetooptical effect to exerting an influence through wherein polarization polarization state of light.And for the magneto-optic waveguide of transverse configurations, under the effect of the externally-applied magnetic field vertical with optical propagation direction, the propagation constant of forward-propagating of TM mould and backpropagation is different, thereby can produce nonreciprocal phase shift, and the TE mould is not then had this influence.
Two phase shift arms that adopt two optical power distributors and be clipped between the optical power distributor can constitute Mach-zehnder type polarization mode separation vessel, and at present, power splitter adopts directional coupler to realize more, but is unfavorable for integrated.Multiple-mode interfence (MMI) coupling mechanism hangs down Insertion Loss because it is simple in structure, and the characteristic of high bandwidth and polarization insensitive has obtained increasing concern, and the advantage of its compact conformation is widely used in integrated optics.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to the problems referred to above a kind of waveguide type polarization irrelevant optical circulator based on the polarization mode separation vessel is provided,, realize in conjunction with faraday rotation mirror (FR) and half-wave plate (HW) based on Mach-zehnder type integrated waveguide polarization mode separation vessel.
The present invention adopts following technical scheme:
A kind of waveguide type polarization irrelevant optical circulator based on the polarization mode separation vessel, it is characterized in that comprising the first polarization mode separation vessel and the second polarization mode separation vessel, be provided with interconnective waveguide type faraday rotation mirror and half-wave plate between two polarization mode separation vessels, the described first polarization mode separation vessel and the second polarization mode separation vessel comprise first optical power distributor respectively, second optical power distributor, first magneto-optic waveguide and second magneto-optic waveguide, two input ports of first optical power distributor are connected with second input waveguide with its first input waveguide respectively, be used to import forward transmitted light or output reverse transfer light, described first magneto-optic waveguide, the transverse configurations magneto-optic waveguide is adopted in second magneto-optic waveguide, described first magneto-optic waveguide constitutes first phase adjustment unit, described second magneto-optic waveguide constitutes second phase adjustment unit, the phase shift phase difference of pi that first phase adjustment unit and second phase adjustment unit produce the TM mould, the phase shift that the TE mould is produced equates, two output ports of first optical power distributor are connected with two input ports of second optical power distributor with second phase adjustment unit by first phase adjustment unit respectively, two output ports of second optical power distributor are connected with second output waveguide with its first output waveguide respectively, are used to export forward transmitted light or input reverse transfer light.
Preferably, described first optical power distributor, second optical power distributor adopt the multiple-mode interfence instrument.
Preferably, described first magneto-optic waveguide, second magneto-optic waveguide adopt respectively that the TM mould to forward transmission light produces respectively under in the opposite direction the action of a magnetic field-and pi/2 phase moves, pi/2 phase moves, to the TM mould of reverse transfer light produce respectively pi/2 phase move ,-pi/2 phase moves, and align, the TE mould of reverse transfer light all produces the transverse configurations magneto-optic waveguide that equal phase is moved.
Preferably, described waveguide type faraday rotation mirror adopts the nonreciprocal waveguide type faraday rotation mirror that can make the clockwise deflection π of phase place/4, and it is the half-wave plate of π/8 that described half-wave plate adopts slow-axis direction and horizontal direction angle.
The present invention adopts two Mach-zehnder type integrated waveguide polarization mode separation vessels to realize waveguide type polarization irrelevant optical circulator in conjunction with waveguide type faraday rotation mirror and half-wave plate.Wherein, Mach-zehnder type integrated waveguide polarization mode separation vessel adopts two optical power distributors, two nonreciprocal transverse configurations magneto-optic waveguides to constitute.The phase place of TM mould produces non-reciprocal phase and changes under the action of a magnetic field vertical with optical propagation direction, in conjunction with the reciprocity phase change that waveguide self length produces, thereby long mutually in different output ports interference with the TE mould, final implementation pattern separates.
For the magneto-optic waveguide of transverse configurations, externally-applied magnetic field is vertical with optical propagation direction, and corresponding dielectric tensors are:
The component of nondiagonal element meeting coupled electromagnetic field on x, y, z axle of dielectric tensors, because ε xy, ε yz are 0, have only ε xz to exist, and the component of coupled electromagnetic field on x axle and z axle, change thereby make along the phase place of the axial TM mould of x, and to not exerting an influence along the axial TE mould of y.ε xz and faraday's rotation angle θ
FBetween the pass be: ε xz=2n θ
F/ k
0, wherein, n is a film refractive index, k
0Be wave number in the vacuum.ε xz can cause the TM mould when forward and reverse transmission, and propagation constant is different, thereby produces nonreciprocal phase shift
, wherein L is the transmission length of TM mould in magneto-optic waveguide, and Δ β is the poor of propagation constant, and obviously, when forward transmitted and reverse transfer, the TM mould can produce equal and opposite in direction, the phase change amount of opposite in sign.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is:
1. the present invention adopts two Mach-zehnder type integrated waveguide polarization mode separation vessels to realize waveguide type polarization irrelevant optical circulator in conjunction with waveguide type faraday rotation mirror and half-wave plate, wherein, adopt two optical power distributors, two Mach-zehnder type 4 port polarization mode separation vessels that nonreciprocal transverse configurations magneto-optic waveguide constitutes, the separation that can realize TE, TM mould reaches synthetic, thereby constitute 4 port circulators easily, simple in structure.The polarization mode separation vessel adopts the adjusting be easy to realize with the integrated magneto-optic memory technique of semiconductor devices phase place, and is integrated easily, for the discrete phases regulator, greatly reduces the insertion loss.
2. adopt the power splitter of multiple-mode interfence instrument among the present invention as Mach-zehnder type integrated waveguide polarization mode separation vessel, simple in structure, low Insertion Loss, high bandwidth and polarization insensitive are easy to optical communication system integrated.
3. big, the branches angle of the polarization mode separation vessel that adopts of the present invention volume having avoided using structures such as three-dB coupler, Y branch to bring is not easy shortcomings such as control, and volume is little, easily manufacturing.
4. the polarization mode separation vessel that adopts of the present invention has avoided adopting the difficulty on the manufacturing process that couple state brought of metal cladding structural change TM mould, has reduced the polarization cross-talk.
Description of drawings
The invention will be further elaborated below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments.
Fig. 1: the waveguide type polarization irrelevant optical circulator structural representation that the present invention is based on the polarization mode separation vessel;
Fig. 2: the Mach-zehnder type integrated waveguide polarization mode cyclone separator arrangement synoptic diagram that the present invention adopts.
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of waveguide type polarization irrelevant optical circulator based on the polarization mode separation vessel, comprise between the first polarization mode separation vessel 1 and 2, two polarization mode separation vessels of the second polarization mode separation vessel and be provided with interconnective waveguide type faraday rotation mirror 3 and half-wave plate 4.The first polarization mode separation vessel 1 and the second polarization mode separation vessel 2 adopt Mach-zehnder type integrated waveguide polarization mode separation vessel.Waveguide type faraday rotation mirror 3 adopts the nonreciprocal waveguide type faraday rotation mirror that can make the clockwise deflection π of phase place/4, and it is the half-wave plate of π/8 that half-wave plate 4 adopts slow-axis direction and horizontal direction angle.Two output ports of the first polarization mode separation vessel 1 link to each other with two input ports of waveguide type faraday rotation mirror 3, two output ports of waveguide type faraday rotation mirror 3 link to each other with two input ports of half-wave plate 4, and two output ports of half-wave plate 4 link to each other with two input ports of the second polarization mode separation vessel 2.
Principle of work based on the waveguide type polarization irrelevant optical circulator of polarization mode separation vessel is as follows:
For forward transmitted light (pressing direction definition from left to right among Fig. 1), light is from the input port input of the first polarization mode separation vessel 1, through being divided into TM, TE mould after the first polarization mode separation vessel 1, in turn through waveguide type faraday rotation mirror 3 and the conversion mutually of half-wave plate 4 backs, the TM moding becomes the TE mould, and the TE moding becomes the TM mould, through the 2 coupling back outputs of the second polarization mode separation vessel, realizes the transmission of intersection attitude again.That is,, then,, then export from the port 201 of the second polarization mode separation vessel 2 if light is imported from the port one 02 of the first polarization mode separation vessel 1 from port 202 outputs of the second polarization mode separation vessel 2 as if port one 01 input of light from the first polarization mode separation vessel 1.
For reverse transfer light (pressing direction definition from right to left among Fig. 1), light is from the input port input of the second polarization mode separation vessel 2, through being divided into TM, TE mould after the second polarization mode separation vessel 2, after passing through half-wave plate 4 and waveguide type faraday rotation mirror 3 in turn, TM mould, TE mould remain unchanged, through the 1 coupling back output of the first polarization mode separation vessel, realize straight-through attitude transmission again.That is,, then,, then export from the port one 02 of the first polarization mode separation vessel 1 if light is imported from the port 202 of the second polarization mode separation vessel 2 from port one 01 output of the first polarization mode separation vessel 1 as if port 201 inputs of light from the second polarization mode separation vessel 2.
Be illustrated in figure 2 as the Mach-zehnder type integrated waveguide polarization mode cyclone separator arrangement synoptic diagram that the present invention adopts, comprise first optical power distributor 5, second optical power distributor 6, first magneto-optic waveguide 7 and second magneto-optic waveguide 8.Two input ports of first optical power distributor 5 are connected with second input waveguide 502 with its first input waveguide 501 respectively, are used to import forward transmitted light or output reverse transfer light.The transverse configurations magneto-optic waveguide is adopted in first magneto-optic waveguide 7, second magneto-optic waveguide 8, and first magneto-optic waveguide 7 constitutes first phase adjustment unit, and second magneto-optic waveguide 8 constitutes second phase adjustment unit.Two output ports of first optical power distributor 5 are connected with two input ports of second optical power distributor 6 with second phase adjustment unit by first phase adjustment unit respectively, two output ports of second optical power distributor 6 are connected with second output waveguide 602 with its first output waveguide 601 respectively, are used to export forward transmitted light or input reverse transfer light.By selecting suitable magneto-optic waveguide length, the phase shift phase difference of pi that first phase adjustment unit and second phase adjustment unit are produced the TM mould, the phase shift that the TE mould is produced equates, make the TM mould in this polarization mode separation vessel, realize straight-through attitude transmission, and the TE mould is realized the transmission of intersection attitude, thereby realizes separating of TM mould and TE mould.
More specifically, present embodiment adopts following connected mode: two output ports of first optical power distributor 5 are connected with the input port of first magneto-optic waveguide 7, second magneto-optic waveguide 8 respectively, and the output port of first magneto-optic waveguide 7, second magneto-optic waveguide 8 is connected with two input ports of second optical power distributor 6 respectively.
In the present embodiment, first optical power distributor 5, second optical power distributor 6 all adopt the multiple-mode interfence instrument.By selecting suitable magneto-optic waveguide length, TM mould to forward transmission light under first magneto-optic waveguide 7, second magneto-optic waveguide 8 the action of a magnetic field in the opposite direction produces respectively-and pi/2 phase moves, pi/2 phase moves, to the TM mould of reverse transfer light produce respectively pi/2 phase move ,-pi/2 phase moves, and align, the TE mould of reverse transfer light all produces the transverse configurations magneto-optic waveguide that equal phase is moved.That is: the TM mould of forward transmitted light through first magneto-optic waveguide 7, second magneto-optic waveguide 8 time, produce respectively-pi/2 phase moves, pi/2 phase moves, move and its TE mould produces equal phase through first magneto-optic waveguide 7, second magneto-optic waveguide 8 time; The TM mould of reverse transfer light through first magneto-optic waveguide 7, second magneto-optic waveguide 8 time, produce respectively pi/2 phase move ,-pi/2 phase moves, moves and its TE mould produces equal phase through first magneto-optic waveguide 7, second magneto-optic waveguide 8 time.
The principle of work of this polarization mode separation vessel is as follows:
For forward transmitted light (pressing direction definition from left to right among Fig. 2), first magneto-optic waveguide 7 makes TM mould generation-pi/2 phase move under the effect of externally-applied magnetic field, making the TM mould produce pi/2 phase under the second magneto-optic waveguide 8 externally-applied magnetic field effect in the opposite direction moves, then first phase adjustment unit of first magneto-optic waveguide, 7 formations makes the phase place size of TM mould change be-pi/2, the phase place size that second phase adjustment unit that second magneto-optic waveguide 8 constitutes changes the TM mould is pi/2, two phase place size phase difference of pi that phase adjustment unit is changed for the TM mould, so the TM mould is realized straight-through attitude transmission at second optical power distributor, 6 places.The transverse configurations magneto-optic waveguide does not produce nonreciprocal phase shift to TE mould phase place, two phase place equal and opposite in directions that phase adjustment unit is changed for the TE mould, and the attitude that realizes intersecting at second optical power distributor, 6 places is transmitted.Therefore, if light is imported from the port 501 of first optical power distributor 5, then the TM mould is from port 601 outputs of second optical power distributor 6, and the TE mould is from port 602 outputs of second optical power distributor 6; If light is from port 502 inputs of first optical power distributor 5, then the TM mould is from port 602 outputs of second optical power distributor 6, and the TE mould is from port 601 outputs.
For reverse transfer light (pressing direction definition from right to left among Fig. 2), first magneto-optic waveguide 7 makes the TM mould produce pi/2 phase under the effect of externally-applied magnetic field and moves, under the second magneto-optic waveguide 8 externally-applied magnetic field effect in the opposite direction TM mould generation-pi/2 phase is moved, then the phase place size that changed for the TM mould of second phase adjustment unit that constitutes of first phase adjustment unit that constitutes of first magneto-optic waveguide 7 and second magneto-optic waveguide 8 differs and is similarly π, so the TM mould is realized straight-through attitude transmission at first optical power distributor, 5 places.The transverse configurations magneto-optic waveguide does not produce nonreciprocal phase shift to TE mould phase place, two phase place equal and opposite in directions that phase adjustment unit is changed for the TE mould, and the attitude that realizes intersecting at first optical power distributor, 5 places is transmitted.Therefore, if light is imported from the port 601 of second optical power distributor 6, then the TM mould is from port 501 outputs of first optical power distributor 5, and the TE mould is from port 502 outputs of first optical power distributor 5; If light is from port 602 inputs of second optical power distributor 6, then the TM mould is from port 502 outputs of first optical power distributor 5, and the TE mould is from port 501 outputs.
Claims (3)
1. waveguide type polarization irrelevant optical circulator based on the polarization mode separation vessel, it is characterized in that comprising the first polarization mode separation vessel (1) and the second polarization mode separation vessel (2), be provided with interconnective waveguide type faraday rotation mirror (3) and half-wave plate (4) between two polarization mode separation vessels, the described first polarization mode separation vessel (1) and the second polarization mode separation vessel (2) comprise first optical power distributor (5) respectively, second optical power distributor (6), first magneto-optic waveguide (7) and second magneto-optic waveguide (8), two input ports of first optical power distributor (5) are connected with second input waveguide (502) with its first input waveguide (501) respectively, be used to import forward transmitted light or output reverse transfer light, described first magneto-optic waveguide (7), the transverse configurations magneto-optic waveguide is adopted in second magneto-optic waveguide (8), described first magneto-optic waveguide (7) constitutes first phase adjustment unit, described second magneto-optic waveguide (8) constitutes second phase adjustment unit, the phase shift phase difference of pi that first phase adjustment unit and second phase adjustment unit produce the TM mould, the phase shift that the TE mould is produced equates, two output ports of first optical power distributor (5) are connected with two input ports of second optical power distributor (6) with second phase adjustment unit by first phase adjustment unit respectively, two output ports of second optical power distributor (6) are connected with second output waveguide (602) with its first output waveguide (601) respectively, be used to export forward transmitted light or input reverse transfer light, described first optical power distributor (5), second optical power distributor (6) adopts the multiple-mode interfence instrument.
2. the waveguide type polarization irrelevant optical circulator based on the polarization mode separation vessel as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that described first magneto-optic waveguide (7), second magneto-optic waveguide (8) adopt respectively that the TM mould to forward transmission light produces respectively under in the opposite direction the action of a magnetic field-pi/2 phase moves, pi/2 phase moves, to the TM mould of reverse transfer light produce respectively pi/2 phase move ,-pi/2 phase moves, and align, the TE mould of reverse transfer light all produces the transverse configurations magneto-optic waveguide that equal phase is moved.
3. the waveguide type polarization irrelevant optical circulator based on the polarization mode separation vessel as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that described waveguide type faraday rotation mirror (3) adopts the nonreciprocal waveguide type faraday rotation mirror that can make the clockwise deflection π of phase place/4, it is the half-wave plate of π/8 that described half-wave plate adopts slow-axis direction and horizontal direction angle.
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| CN2008100207020A CN101231369B (en) | 2008-02-22 | 2008-02-22 | Waveguide type polarization independence light ring machine based on polarization mode segregator |
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| CN2008100207020A CN101231369B (en) | 2008-02-22 | 2008-02-22 | Waveguide type polarization independence light ring machine based on polarization mode segregator |
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| CN101231369B true CN101231369B (en) | 2010-06-02 |
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| EP3339922B1 (en) * | 2016-12-23 | 2023-07-26 | Huawei Technologies Research & Development Belgium NV | Optical chip and method for coupling light |
| CN109379143B (en) * | 2018-09-04 | 2020-09-15 | 武汉光迅科技股份有限公司 | Wavelength tunable light receiving component |
| CN110007314A (en) * | 2019-04-04 | 2019-07-12 | 深圳市速腾聚创科技有限公司 | Light beam splitting die group, laser radar system and its control method |
| CN212905793U (en) * | 2020-07-29 | 2021-04-06 | 武汉光迅科技股份有限公司 | Integrated optical circulator |
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