CN108761648B - A kind of three ports light rings of hybrid integrated - Google Patents
A kind of three ports light rings of hybrid integrated Download PDFInfo
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- CN108761648B CN108761648B CN201810561030.8A CN201810561030A CN108761648B CN 108761648 B CN108761648 B CN 108761648B CN 201810561030 A CN201810561030 A CN 201810561030A CN 108761648 B CN108761648 B CN 108761648B
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- polarization
- conversion component
- light
- beam apparatus
- polarization conversion
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
- G02B6/27—Optical coupling means with polarisation selective and adjusting means
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
- G02B6/27—Optical coupling means with polarisation selective and adjusting means
- G02B6/2706—Optical coupling means with polarisation selective and adjusting means as bulk elements, i.e. free space arrangements external to a light guide, e.g. polarising beam splitters
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
- G02B6/27—Optical coupling means with polarisation selective and adjusting means
- G02B6/2753—Optical coupling means with polarisation selective and adjusting means characterised by their function or use, i.e. of the complete device
- G02B6/2773—Polarisation splitting or combining
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of three ports light rings of hybrid integrated, the polarization conversion component and monomode optical waveguide that it is made of five polarization beam apparatus, two half-wave plate and optical rotation plate form, wherein PBS is prepared with integrated optics technique, and the monomode optical waveguide Transverse notch between PBS, it is inserted into polarization conversion component, to realize optical signal loop transfer between three ports.In addition, the half-wave plate in polarization conversion component, central wavelength move on to 1285nm from 1310nm, it is improved optical circulator in the minimum isolation of 1260nm~1340nm service band, optimizes the isolation performance of whole bandwidth.The present invention is by using hybrid integrated optical technology, the miniaturization, integrated of device is realized under the premise of guaranteeing optical circulator isolation, can easily it be connected with other integrated optical devices, manufacturing process is also simplified, and meets the demand of wavelength-division multiplex single fiber bi-directional transmission module in data center.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to optical communication fields, more particularly, to a kind of three ports light rings of hybrid integrated.
Background technique
In fiber optic communication systems, the transmission of backlight will bring unstability to device and system, and optical circulator is one
The nonreciprocal device of kind multiport input and output, it makes optical signal that can only carry out loop transfer along fixed path, to realize
It is equal to be widely used in single fiber bi-directional Transmission system, dispersion compensation unit, wavelength blocker, channel for the separation of forward and reverse transmission light
In the optic communications subsystem such as weighing apparatus and wavelength-selective switches.
The booming Large scale construction for promoting data center of Internet application, high speed between data center server
Data transmission can only be realized by optical fiber interconnections technology.Optical fiber interconnections technology experienced multimode fibre parallel transmission, single mode optical fiber
Parallel transmission and single mode optical fiber wave division multiplex transmission stage, wave division multiplex transmission use 1270,1290,1310,1330nm tetra-
Operation wavelength.In order to further save fiber resource, data center user proposes the demand of wavelength-division multiplex single fiber bi-directional transmission,
The separation of transmitting-receiving optical signal is realized by optical circulator, and its service band is required to cover 1260-1340nm.
Using displacement crystal and angle of wedge piece equity discrete device, size is larger for traditional optical circulator, the device needed compared with
It is more, it can not easily be integrated into transceiver module, and bandwidth of operation is relatively narrow.Relative to telecommunications application, data center's light is mutual
Even technology focus ring row device proposes wideband requirements, the former is required of the 40nm bandwidth of 1530-1570nm, and the latter is required of
The 80nm bandwidth of 1260-1340nm, and the latter wishes for optical circulator to be integrated in optical fiber receiver-transmitter module, therefore focus ring row
Device proposes miniature requirement.
Relative to existing discrete device optical circulator, fiber waveguide device smaller, simple process with size, cost is relatively low
The advantages of.The present invention passes through the hybrid integrated of two kinds of technologies of fiber waveguide device and discrete device, devises a kind of miniaturization ring of light
Row device, and design is optimized to its bandwidth of operation, so that it is met wavelength-division multiplex single fiber bi-directional transmission module in data center
Demand.
Summary of the invention
In view of the drawbacks of the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of three ports light rings of hybrid integrated,
It aims to solve the problem that traditional optical circulator volume is excessive, integrated level is low, work belt width, be not easy to the problem of data center uses.
The present invention provides a kind of three ports light rings of hybrid integrated, comprising: chip of light waveguide, the first polarization conversion
Component and the second polarization conversion component；Five polarization beam apparatus (PBS1~PBS5) are integrated in waveguide core on piece, first partially
Shake beam splitter PBS1 first end as three ports light rings optical signal input T1, the second polarization beam apparatus PBS2 the
Optical signal transmission end T2 of three ends as three ports light rings, the first end of third polarization beam apparatus PBS3 is as three port opticals
The light signal output end T3 of circulator；The second end of the first polarization beam apparatus PBS1 passes through the first polarization conversion component
It is connected to the first end of the 4th polarization beam apparatus PBS4, the third end of the first polarization beam apparatus PBS1 passes through described the
One polarization conversion component is connected to the first end of the 5th polarization beam apparatus PBS5；The of the third polarization beam apparatus PBS3
Two ends are connected to the second end of the 4th polarization beam apparatus PBS4, the third polarization by the first polarization conversion component
The third end of beam splitter PBS3 is connected to the second of the 5th polarization beam apparatus PBS5 by the first polarization conversion component
End；The third end of the 4th polarization beam apparatus PBS4 is connected to second polarization point by the second polarization conversion component
The third end of the first end of beam device PBS2, the 5th polarization beam apparatus PBS5 is connected to by the second polarization conversion component
The second end of the second polarization beam apparatus PBS2.
When work, when optical signal is transferred to the port T2 from t1 port, it is inclined that incident random polarization by PBS1 is divided into TE
Shake light and TM polarised light, and after the first polarization conversion component, the polarization state of TE polarised light and TM polarised light is remained unchanged, respectively
Into PBS4 and PBS5, then polarization state retrodeviated by the second polarization conversion component still constant, last this two-way TE polarised light and TM
Polarised light is merged by PBS2, exports from the port T2；When optical signal is from T2 port transmission to the port T3, incident random polarization
TE polarised light and TM polarised light are divided by PBS2, after the second polarization conversion component, TE → TM and TM occur respectively for two-beam
Then the polarisation transformation of → TE passes through PBS4 and PBS5 respectively, is transferred to the lower part of the first polarization conversion component, and occur again
The polarisation transformation of TM → TE and TE → TM, last this two-way TE and TM polarised light are merged by PBS3, export from the port T3.
Further, pass through between each polarization beam apparatus and the first polarization conversion component or the second polarization conversion component
Monomode optical waveguide connection.
Further, the first cutting and second are horizontally arranged in the monomode optical waveguide of each polarization beam apparatus of connection
Cutting, and the first polarization conversion component is inserted into first cutting, the second polarization conversion component insertion described the
In two cuttings.
Further, in monomode optical waveguide, the waveguide for being provided with first wave guide at the first cutting or the second cutting is wide
Degree is greater than the duct width of other positions second waveguide.
Further, transition and linkage is carried out by cone area between first wave guide and the second waveguide.
Further, the first polarization conversion component is identical with the structure of the second polarization conversion component；And described
One polarization conversion component and the second polarization conversion component are used to realization when light passes through from side, polarization direction rotation 90
Degree；When light passes through from the other side, polarization direction is not rotated.
Further, the first polarization conversion component includes: faraday rotator and half-wave plate；Faraday rotator and half
Wave plate fits closely, and faraday rotator is connected with PBS1 and PBS3, close to the port T1 and T3, half-wave plate and PBS4 and PBS5 phase
Even, close to the port T2；The faraday rotator is used to rotate the polarization state of optical signal 45 degree, and the half-wave plate is used to allowing light
Polarization state make mirror image deflection around its fast axle.
Further, the central wavelength of half-wave plate is 1285nm.In order to expand the bandwidth of operation of optical circulator, the present invention
The central wavelength of half-wave plate is designed as 1285nm, relative to 1310nm used by traditional optical circulator, is offset by shortwave
25nm.By this optimization design, minimum isolation of the optical circulator in service band is improved.
Contemplated above technical scheme through the invention, compared with prior art, due to having used hybrid integrated technology,
By in traditional optical circulator displacement crystal and angle of wedge piece substituted to fiber waveguide device, optical rotation plate and half are inserted into cutting wherein
The polarization conversion component of wave plate composition, and redesigns the central wavelength of wherein half-wave plate, can allow entire ring of light shape
Device minimizes, is integrated, while reducing manufacturing cost, simplifying manufacturing process, improves in 1260-1340nm bandwidth of operation
Overall isolation degree.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is hybrid integrated optical circulator structure provided in an embodiment of the present invention, and wherein optical signal is transferred to from t1 port
The case where port T2；
Fig. 2 be hybrid integrated optical circulator structure provided in an embodiment of the present invention, wherein optical signal from T2 port transmission to
The case where port T3；
Fig. 3 is polarization beam apparatus (PBS) structure based on optical waveguide technique；
Fig. 4 is the three-dB coupler structure based on optical waveguide technique, wherein (a) is directional coupler, it (b) is multiple-mode interfence
Coupler；
Fig. 5 is the interference arm configuration in PBS, wherein (a) is the first arm three-dimensional structure diagram, it (b) is the second arm stereochemical structure
Figure (c) is the first arm cross-sectional view, (d) the second arm cross-sectional view；
Fig. 6 is the polarization conversion modular construction based on discrete device technology, and (a) indicates the situation of TE polarised light incidence, (b)
Indicate the situation of TM polarised light incidence；
Fig. 7 is the possibly tapered processing schematic of cutting and monomode optical waveguide junction；
Fig. 8 is the isolation Optimal Curve in service band, wherein (a) indicates the curve before optimization, after (b) indicating optimization
Curve；
Description of symbols: 1 is the first cutting, and 2 be the second cutting, and 3 be the first polarization conversion component, and 4 be the second polarization
Transition components, 5 be the first arm, and 6 be the second arm, and 7 be the first three-dB coupler, and 8 be the second three-dB coupler, and 9 be the first single-mode optics
Waveguide, 10 be the second monomode optical waveguide, and 11 be planar light waveguide, and 12 be monomode optical waveguide, and 13 be cone area, and 14 be wide waveguide.
Specific embodiment
In order to make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, right
The present invention is further elaborated.It should be appreciated that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present invention, and
It is not used in the restriction present invention.
The invention proposes a kind of three ports light rings of hybrid integrated, as shown in Figure 1, it is by five polarization beam apparatus
The monomode optical waveguide of (PBS1~PBS5), two cuttings (1,2), two polarization conversion components (3,4) and each element of connection is constituted,
Wherein PBS is prepared with integrated optics technique in a waveguide core on piece, and polarization conversion component is by discrete device technology
Faraday rotator and half wave plate group are at heavy black line indicates monomode optical waveguide in figure.In the monomode optical waveguide for connecting each PBS
Transverse direction, the cuttings of two truncation monomode optical waveguides have been made, in two polarization conversion components difference insertion grooves.T1 port is light
The input port of signal, the port T2 are optical signal transmission ports, and the port T3 is light signal output end mouth.
The case where being transferred to the port T2 from t1 port Fig. 1 shows optical signal, incident random polarization is divided into TE by PBS1
(TE polarised light is in electric field oscillation direction vertical incidence face, and electric field oscillation direction is in the plane of incidence for polarised light and TM polarised light
It is TM polarised light.), after the first polarization conversion component 3, the polarization state of TE and TM polarised light is remained unchanged, and is respectively enterd
PBS4 and PBS5, then by the second polarization conversion component 4, polarization state is still constant, last this two-way TE and TM polarised light quilt
PBS2 merges, and exports from the port T2.Fig. 2 indicates the case where optical signal is from T2 port transmission to the port T3, incident random polarization
Light is divided into TE and TM polarised light by PBS2, after the second polarization conversion component 4, two-beam occur respectively TE → TM and TM →
Then the polarisation transformation of TE passes through PBS4 and PBS5 respectively, is transferred to the lower part of the first polarization conversion component 3, and occur again
The polarisation transformation of TM → TE and TE → TM, last this two-way TE and TM polarised light are merged by PBS3, export from the port T3.
The structure of polarization beam apparatus (PBS) is as shown in figure 3, it is by two three-dB couplers (7,8) and a pair of of interfere arm
(5,6) fiber waveguide device constituted, optical signal are inputted from the port C1, are exported from the port C2, C3, and C4 is abandoned port.Input light warp
Three-dB coupler 7 is divided into two beams, and two asymmetric arms have different duct widths, and the width of the first arm 5 is W1, the second arm 6
Width is W2, and the effective refractive index of TE and TM light is respectively n in the first arm 51TEAnd n1TM, TE and TM light is effective in the second arm 6
Refractive index is respectively n2TEAnd n2TM, the transmission of asymmetric arm makes TE and TM light accumulate different phase differences respectively.It is coupled by 3dB
After device 7, the initial phase difference of pi/2 is obtained into two beam TE and TM polarised lights of two-arm.3dB coupling is reached through asymmetric arm
It is 2m π+pi/2 that the phase difference of two beam TE polarised lights, which increases 2m π (m is integer) i.e. total phase difference, when clutch 8；Two beam TM polarised lights
It is+3 pi/2 of 2n π that phase difference, which increases (2n+1) π (n is integer) i.e. total phase difference,.The phase difference of 2 π integral multiples is removed, TE and TM are inclined
The phase difference phase difference of pi that the light that shakes accumulates, according to the working principle of 3dB photo-coupler, TE and TM polarised light will be respectively from three-dB coupler
8 two ports output, realizes polarization beam splitting function.To meet above-mentioned phase relation, lambda1-wavelength λ, asymmetric interfere arm
Brachium L and equivalent refractive index between should meet following relational expression:
(n1TE-n2TE) L=m λ m be integer
(n1TM-n2TM) L=(n+1/2) λ n be integer
Fig. 4 indicates the structure of three-dB coupler, and there are two types of implementations, and one is the directional couplers in (a), another
It is the multi-mode interference coupler realized in (b) using planar light waveguide.The function of the two be all by after input light equal part from two
Port output, for two beam output lights there are certain phase difference, such as directional coupler, phase difference is pi/2.
The specific structure of two-arm and cross section in polarization beam apparatus are as shown in figure 5, (a) is the first arm three-dimensional structure diagram, (b)
It (c) is the first arm cross-sectional view, (d) the second arm cross-sectional view for the second arm three-dimensional structure diagram.In two-arm the length of optical waveguide and
Depth of section is all identical, but the first arm width is W1, and the second arm width is W2, the TE and TM polarization in the optical waveguide of different in width
Light effective refractive index is different.
Fig. 6 indicates the polarization conversion group of 45 degree of faraday rotators (hatched boxes) and half-wave plate (white square) composition
Part, (a) indicate the situation of TE mode light incidence, (b) indicate the situation of TM mode light incidence.Faraday rotator makes the polarization of light
State rotates 45 degree, and direction of rotation depends on externally-applied magnetic field direction.The function of half-wave plate is that the polarization direction of light is allowed to make around its fast axle
Mirror image deflection, designing its fast axle angle and x-axis direction angle is 22.5 degree, and deflects direction and then depend on incident light polarization direction
Relationship between fast axis direction.Therefore the combination function of faraday rotator and half-wave plate is, when light passes through from side, partially
Vibration direction is turn 90 degrees partially；When light passes through from the other side, polarization direction does not deflect.
Fig. 7 indicates that monomode optical waveguide 12 and cutting 1 connect the cone plot structure at place, since monomode optical waveguide is cut by Transverse notch
Disconnected, when in order to reduce transmission loss of the optical signal in cutting and reenter another side optical waveguide coupling loss, is truncated
Monomode optical waveguide port position be both needed to increase duct width, and between narrow waveguide 12 and wide waveguide 14 by cone area 13 into
Row transition and linkage, to reduce loss.Also there is similar structure with 2 junction of cutting in monomode optical waveguide.
Fig. 8 shows the isolation curve in 1260nm~1340nm bandwidth, abscissa is wavelength, and ordinate is isolation
Degree, wherein (a) is the curve before optimization, half-wave plate central wavelength is 1310nm, it can be seen that center isolation is very high, entire band
Minimum isolation on width is 44.2dB.It (b) is isolation curve after being optimized to half-wave plate, the central wavelength of half-wave plate
For 1285nm, entire curve becomes flat, and minimum isolation is promoted to 46.0dB.
As it will be easily appreciated by one skilled in the art that the above content is combine specific embodiment it is made for the present invention into
One step is described in detail, and it cannot be said that specific implementation of the invention is only limited to these instructions.For the technical field of the invention
Those of ordinary skill for, without departing from the inventive concept of the premise, several simple deductions or replacement can also be made,
It all should be considered as being included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of three ports light rings of hybrid integrated characterized by comprising chip of light waveguide, the first polarization conversion group
Part (3) and the second polarization conversion component (4)；
Five polarization beam apparatus PBS1~PBS5 are integrated in the waveguide core on piece, the first of the first polarization beam apparatus PBS1
Hold the third end of the optical signal input T1, the second polarization beam apparatus PBS2 as three ports light rings as the three port rings of light
The first end of the optical signal transmission end T2 of shape device, third polarization beam apparatus PBS3 are exported as the optical signal of three ports light rings
Hold T3；
The second end of the first polarization beam apparatus PBS1 is connected to the described 4th partially by the first polarization conversion component (3)
The first end of vibration beam splitter PBS4, the third end of the first polarization beam apparatus PBS1 passes through the first polarization conversion component
(3) it is connected to the first end of the 5th polarization beam apparatus PBS5；
The second end of the third polarization beam apparatus PBS3 is connected to the described 4th partially by the first polarization conversion component (3)
The second end of vibration beam splitter PBS4, the third end of the third polarization beam apparatus PBS3 passes through the first polarization conversion component
(3) it is connected to the second end of the 5th polarization beam apparatus PBS5；
The third end of the 4th polarization beam apparatus PBS4 is connected to described second partially by the second polarization conversion component (4)
The first end of vibration beam splitter PBS2, the third end of the 5th polarization beam apparatus PBS5 passes through the second polarization conversion component
(4) it is connected to the second end of the second polarization beam apparatus PBS2.
2. three ports light rings as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that when work, when optical signal is transmitted from t1 port
When to the port T2, incident random polarization is divided into TE polarised light and TM polarised light by PBS1, by the first polarization conversion component
Afterwards, the polarization state of TE polarised light and TM polarised light remains unchanged, and respectively enters PBS4 and PBS5, then pass through the second polarization conversion group
It is still constant that part retrodeviates polarization state, and last this two-way TE polarised light and TM polarised light are merged by PBS2, exports from the port T2；
When optical signal is from T2 port transmission to the port T3, incident random polarization is divided into TE polarised light by PBS2 and TM is polarized
Light, after the second polarization conversion component, the polarisation transformation of TE → TM and TM → TE occur respectively for two-beam, then pass through respectively
PBS4 and PBS5 is transferred to the lower part of the first polarization conversion component, and the polarisation transformation of TM → TE and TE → TM occurs again, most
This two-way TE and TM polarised light are merged by PBS3 afterwards, export from the port T3.
3. three ports light rings as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that each polarization beam apparatus and the first polarization conversion
It is connected between component (3) or the second polarization conversion component (4) by monomode optical waveguide.
4. three ports light rings as claimed in claim 3, which is characterized in that in the single-mode optics for connecting each polarization beam apparatus
Waveguide is horizontally arranged with the first cutting (1) and the second cutting (2), and the first polarization conversion component (3) insertion described the
In one cutting (1), the second polarization conversion component (4) is inserted into second cutting (2).
5. three ports light rings as claimed in claim 4, which is characterized in that in monomode optical waveguide, be provided with for the first quarter
The duct width of first wave guide at slot (1) or the second cutting (2) near cutting two sides is greater than the second wave far from cutting region
The duct width led.
6. three ports light rings as claimed in claim 5, which is characterized in that in the first wave guide and the second waveguide
Between by cone area carry out transition and linkage.
7. three ports light rings as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, which is characterized in that the first polarization conversion component
(3) identical with the structure of the second polarization conversion component (4)；And the first polarization conversion component (3) and described second is partially
Vibration transition components (4) is used to realize that polarization direction is rotated by 90 ° when light passes through from side；When light passes through from the other side,
Polarization direction does not rotate.
8. three ports light rings as claimed in claim 7, which is characterized in that the first polarization conversion component (3) includes:
Faraday rotator and half-wave plate；Faraday rotator is fitted closely with half-wave plate, faraday rotator and the first polarization beam splitting
Device PBS1 is connected with third polarization beam apparatus PBS3 and close to the port T1 and T3；Half-wave plate and the 4th polarization beam apparatus PBS4 and
Five polarization beam apparatus PBS5 are connected and close to the ports T2；The faraday rotator is used to rotate 45 to the polarization state of optical signal
Degree, the half-wave plate is for allowing the polarization state of light to make mirror image deflection around its fast axle.
9. three ports light rings as claimed in claim 8, which is characterized in that the central wavelength of the half-wave plate is
1285nm。
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