CN2512160Y - Controller for speed-adjusting three-phase D.C. brushless permanent-magnet electric motor - Google Patents
Controller for speed-adjusting three-phase D.C. brushless permanent-magnet electric motor Download PDFInfo
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- CN2512160Y CN2512160Y CN 01270871 CN01270871U CN2512160Y CN 2512160 Y CN2512160 Y CN 2512160Y CN 01270871 CN01270871 CN 01270871 CN 01270871 U CN01270871 U CN 01270871U CN 2512160 Y CN2512160 Y CN 2512160Y
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Abstract
A controller for speed-adjusting three-phase D.C. brushless permanent-magnet electric motor comprises a pulse width modulator, an electric motor speed setting input circuit, an electric motor speed output circuit, a monitoring and voltage stabilizing circuit, a bootstrap and driver circuit, an overflow protection circuit, a Hall circuit for measuring the electric motor and a three-phase bridge circuit for driving the electric motor, wherein, the pulse width modulator adopts a microprocessor and is respectively connected with the output terminal of the electric motor speed setting input circuit, the output terminal of the overflow protection circuit, the output terminal of the Hall circuit, and the electric motor speed output circuit to output corresponding electric motor speed signal to the electric motor speed output circuit. The utility model can be arranged in the casing of the electric motor to realize integration with low cost and improved operational reliability of the electric motor.
Description
Technical field
The utility model relates to a kind of controller that is used to control motor, specifically is a kind of controller of three-phase direct-current brushless permanent magnet motor of adjustable speed.
Background technology
The three-phase direct-current brushless permanent magnet motor has high efficiency and characteristics such as reliable, thereby has obtained using widely.Yet as power of motor hour (for example from 20W to 50W), because rugged environment restriction in the housing when restriction of electric machine casing volume and motor operation, its controller usually will be placed on outside the electric machine casing, thereby its cost and application are restricted.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this utility model is to provide in a kind of three-phase direct-current brushless permanent magnet motor that is assemblied in adjustable speed and realizes integrated and controller cheaply, adverse circumstances when this controller can bear the motor operation in the housing, and improve the motor reliability of operation.
The technical solution of the utility model is as follows:
Controller according to the three-phase direct-current brushless permanent magnet motor of a kind of adjustable speed of the present utility model; comprise: pulse-width modulator, motor speed are set input circuit, motor speed output circuit, supervision and voltage stabilizing circuit, bootstrapping and drive circuit, current foldback circuit and are used to measure the Hall circuit of motor, wherein:
Pulse-width modulator adopts microprocessor, this microprocessor connects output, the output of current foldback circuit and the output of Hall circuit that motor speed is set input circuit respectively, export corresponding modulating pulse to bootstrapping and drive circuit so that set the output signal of input circuit, the output signal of current foldback circuit and the output signal of Hall circuit according to motor speed, this microprocessor also connects the motor speed output circuit to export corresponding motor speed signal to the motor speed output circuit;
Be provided with the three phase bridge circuit that is made of 6 field-effect transistors between bootstrapping and drive circuit and motor, be used for drive motors, microprocessor is by bootstrapping and these 6 transistorized break-makes of drive circuit may command.The stator winding that for example is used for drive motors.
In the utility model, on described 6 field-effect transistors, can be provided with the copper sheet that covers of the printed circuit board (PCB) that is used to dispel the heat, therefore do not need additional other radiator, make this controller can directly be assemblied in the non-brush permanent-magnet DC motor housing, and the interior higher ambient temperature of housing machine operation can be born the time, thereby make the volume miniaturization of this controller.
In the utility model, described motor speed is set input circuit can comprise a computing comparator, and this computing comparator links to each other with described microprocessor.Utilize the output chopping modulation pulse of this operational amplifier and microprocessor, realize mould/number conversion function, and regulate computing through microprocessor PID, thus can the stable regulation rotating speed of motor.
In the utility model, described bootstrapping and drive circuit can connect the last brachium pontis of described three phase bridge circuit, are driven the last brachium pontis of three-phase bridge by bootstrapping and drive circuit; Described microprocessor can connect the following brachium pontis of described three phase bridge circuit, is directly driven by microprocessor, realizes the soft start of motor, by pulse width modulating signal is switched to down brachium pontis, realizes the normal operation of motor then.
The controller of the three-phase direct-current brushless permanent magnet motor of the adjustable speed of realizing according to the utility model can be assemblied in realize in the motor field frame integrated, and reduce cost, this controller is owing to taked various interference protection measures and realized the soft start of motor, adverse circumstances in the time of can bearing the motor operation in the housing, guaranteed the motor reliability of operation, in the time of can realizing the motor small-power and the integrated and cost degradation of its controller; The utility model can be set rotating speed of motor according to the analog voltage amount of an input, has reliable characteristics of high efficiency, be applicable to the drive controlling of the small-power three-phase permanent dc brushless motor of various adjustable speeds, thereby the utlity model has application prospects.
The explanation of preferred embodiment
Below in conjunction with description of drawings embodiment of the present utility model.
Fig. 1 is the principle assumption diagram of the embodiment of the utility model;
Fig. 2 is the view of the motor under the control of the utility model;
Fig. 3 is the truth table of three phase bridge circuit of the embodiment of the utility model;
Fig. 4 is the sequential chart of three phase bridge circuit of the embodiment of the utility model;
Fig. 5 is the boostrap circuit figure of the embodiment of the utility model;
Fig. 6 is the circuit diagram of the embodiment of the utility model.
Fig. 1 shows the system configuration of adjustable speed three-phase direct-current brushless permanent-magnet electric machine controller of the embodiment of the utility model, and it is mainly set modules such as input circuit 2, motor speed output circuit 3, supervision and voltage stabilizing circuit 4, bootstrapping and drive circuit 5, field effect transistor three phase bridge circuit 6, Hall circuit 7, protective circuit 8 by pulse-width modulator 1, motor speed and constitutes.As shown in Figure 7, pulse-width modulator 1 is made of microprocessor IC1 and crystal oscillator X1, capacitor C 5, C6, C8, C9, inductance L 1 etc.It sets output signal VCOM, the output signal ARM of protective circuit of input circuit 2 and output signal SU, SV, the SW of Hall circuit according to motor speed; the logical drive signal GWP, GUP, the GVP that export corresponding modulating pulse GWN, GUN, GVN and go up brachium pontis; the corresponding driving booted and drive circuit 5, and exports corresponding motor speed signal SFG to motor speed output circuit 3.Motor speed is set input circuit 2 and is made of computing comparator IC2A, resistance R 1, R2, R3, R4, R5, capacitor C 1, C2, C3, C4, diode D1.Motor speed output circuit 3 is made of triode Q17, resistance R 6, R7.Monitor and voltage stabilizing circuit 4 by monitoring and voltage stabilizing chip IC 3, capacitor C 10, C11, C12, C13, C14, resistance R 8, R9, R10, R11, R12, R13, diode D2 constitute, its is adjusted into 5V to 15V supply voltage of input, supplies with IC1 by L1.IC3 constantly monitors the signal WD that IC1 regularly sends, and as unusually, then by R12, the Q16 output signal RESET IC1 that resets, program is re-executed, to guarantee the safe handling of motor.Bootstrapping and drive circuit 5 have three-phase, and the W circuitry phase is made of R13, R14, R15, R16, R17, D4, Q8, Q9, C15, D3, R18, R19, R20, Q7, and Q7 drives the Q1 of three phase bridge circuit 6, and Q9 drives the Q4 of three phase bridge circuit 6.Q8 and D4 constitute the interlock circuit of Q7, Q9, to prevent homophase upper and lower bridge arm conducting simultaneously in the three phase bridge circuit 6.Other quarter-phase circuits are similar.Field effect transistor three phase bridge circuit 6 is made of field-effect transistor Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4, Q5, Q6, D11, C18, in an embodiment, is to adopt 6 surface encapsulation form (D
2N channel metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor PAK), low on-resistance.Hall circuit 7 is made of Hall element HU, HV, HW, capacitor C 19, C20, C21, C22, resistance R 48, R49, R59.Protective circuit 8 is made of comparator IC2B, IC2C, IC2D, resistance R 37, R38, R39, R40, R41, R42, R43, R44, R45, R46, R47, R51, capacitor C 17, C16, C15.
Comprise three Hall elements (Hall IC) that are used to detect position of rotor of brushless motor among the embodiment of the utility model; Six switch element Q1 one Q6 form the stator winding of three-phase inverter bridge circuit 6 drive motors; Microprocessor can adopt single-chip microcomputer, and this single-chip microcomputer can drive the turn-on and turn-off of inverter switch element according to the output signal of Hall element, and can be by carrying out the specific controlled function of corresponding software code realization.The utility model can preestablish the rotation direction of motor, and sets rotating speed of motor according to an input analog voltage, and exports a pulse signal of representing motor speed.
External circuit beyond the controller on the left side of Fig. 1 is represented the utility model utilizes it can control and set rotating speed of motor, and it is to analog signal of rotating speed input initialization circuit output.Usually contain microprocessor (single-chip microcomputer) in this controller.
In the embodiment of the utility model, its operation principle is as described below: Fig. 2 represents the "on" position of brushless electric machine, when rotor is in position shown in Figure 2, K switch 1 and K6 conducting, the energising of A phase forward, B is on the contrary to energising, stator composite magnetic power Fd and rotor field Br1 axis angle are 120 degree (electrical degree), stator composite magnetic power and rotor field interact and produce electromagnetic torque, this torque is ordered about rotor and is rotated to stator magnetic potential axis direction, torque maximum when Br1 is vertical with Fd, rotation along with rotor, angle between Br1 and the Fd reduces gradually, when the rotor field axis is in the Br2 position, the angle of Br2 and Fd is 60 degree electrical degrees, winding begins the change of current, and switch element becomes K1 and K2 conducting by K1 and K6 conducting, switch on B on the contrary to energising by A phase forward, become A phase forward energising C on the contrary to energising, stator composite magnetic power Fd 60 degree that bound forward, angle becomes 120 degree again between Fd and the Br1, rotor is rotated further, the rest may be inferred, provides triggering signal by hall position sensor, every sixth cycle (i.e. 60 degree electrical degrees), power switch pipe switches once, stator magnetic potential Fd 60 degree that bound forward.The conducting of switching tube is in proper order when just changeing: (Q6, K1)-(Q1, Q2)-(Q2, Q3)-(Q3, Q4)-(Q5, Q6)-(Q6, Q1).Every phase winding forward energising 120 degree are interrupted 60 degree in one-period, and 120 degree of oppositely switching on again form three-phase six states energising rule.Its truth table and sequential chart are respectively as shown in Figure 3 and Figure 4.ON among Fig. 3 represents the field effect transistor conducting, and OFF represents the field effect transistor shutoff.
In an embodiment of the present utility model, under three phase bridge circuit 6, loaded the high-frequency impulse bandwidth modulation signals during switching tube conducting of brachium pontis.The speed governing of motor realizes by the duty ratio that changes pulse width modulating signal.Change the size that the duty ratio size then changes motor stator winding voltage, duty ratio is big more, and stator winding voltage is high more, and rotor speed is fast more.The voltage of pulse width modulating signal VPWM behind integration of microprocessor output speed setting aanalogvoltage the VSP continuous and input of motor outside compares, microprocessor constantly reads the duty ratio of comparative result VCOM and real time altering pulse width modulating signal VPWM, make two error minimums between voltage, thereby realized of the setting of input simulation speed governing voltage motor speed.Change input simulation speed governing voltage VSP and then change motor speed.
In an embodiment of the present utility model, it adopts the last brachium pontis of the boostrap circuit 5 driving three phase bridge circuits 6 of band low speed light-coupled isolation, and following brachium pontis is directly driven by microprocessor IC1, as shown in Figure 6.When motor ran well, microprocessor IC1 output pulse width modulation signal drove brachium pontis down.When electric motor starting, suppose still to drive by this way, then the electric capacity in the boostrap circuit 5 might fill electricity inadequately, can not drive the power switch pipe conducting of brachium pontis fully, thereby motor can not start.In an embodiment, controller of the present utility model is when electric motor starting, pulse width modulating signal with less duty ratio carries out copped wave to last brachium pontis earlier, realize the soft start of motor, then pulse width modulating signal is switched to down brachium pontis, realize the normal operation of motor, avoided using high speed photo coupling, reduced system cost at last brachium pontis.
In embodiment of the present utility model, the current foldback circuit of the controller of the utility model is made of comparator IC2B and peripheral cell thereof as shown in Figure 6.This comparator is used for current of electric is compared with a predetermined current value (cut-off current).Cut-off current is set by the voltage ratio of R39, R38.The input 6 of comparator IC2B connects the field effect transistor of three phase bridge circuit to gather current of electric, and the output of this comparator connects 11 pin of microprocessor IC1, is used to send the excessive signal of current of electric.When the current value of motor surpasses set point; comparator IC2B output upset fast is low level; send over-current signal ARM to microprocessor IC1; turn-offing six field effect transistor of three phase bridge circuit 6 after microprocessor IC1 confirms immediately simultaneously protects; and constantly monitor over-current signal ARM after it is removed, 8 seconds (this time the is adjustable) rear motors of delaying time will restart.When running well and start; microprocessor IC1 monitors motor speed; as find motor rotation blockage; stoppage protection then; and repeat above-mentioned protection and move; thereby reduced big current stress and high temperature that the long-time stall of motor causes, higher than pure hardware protection reliability, protection speed is faster.The window comparator circuit that is made of IC2C, IC2D has limited normal 15V input power source voltage scope.
In an embodiment, the controller of the utility model has realized being added in the break-make protection of the high direct voltage VDD (normal condition is direct current 310V) of three phase bridge circuit 6.This high direct voltage break-make moment, the surge clamp diode (D11 among Fig. 6) and the electric capacity (C18 among Fig. 6) that are connected in parallel on these high direct voltage two ends absorb and clamper the inverse electromotive force that motor windings produces, simultaneously, the characteristic that motor speed descended fast when microprocessor utilized the high pressure outage, judge whether high pressure dead electricity of motor, if then fast the duty ratio of pulse width modulating signal is reduced to minimum, make the impact when sending a telegram here again reduce to minimum.In like manner; microprocessor judges whether the high pressure incoming call according to the change of motor speed; duty ratio with pulse width modulating signal accelerates to the set point of input simulation rotating speed voltage from minimum value then, thereby has finished the high direct voltage break-make from protecting to the whole process that restarts.
Fig. 6 is whole circuit diagrams of the controller of the utility model embodiment.Wherein, FG is the speed feedback output signal, and VSP is a rotating speed input analog voltage signal.
Claims (6)
1, a kind of controller of three-phase direct-current brushless permanent magnet motor of adjustable speed; it is characterized in that comprising: pulse-width modulator, motor speed are set input circuit, motor speed output circuit, supervision and voltage stabilizing circuit, bootstrapping and drive circuit, current foldback circuit and are used to measure the Hall circuit of motor, wherein:
Pulse-width modulator adopts microprocessor, this microprocessor connects output, the output of current foldback circuit and the output of Hall circuit that motor speed is set input circuit respectively, export corresponding modulating pulse to bootstrapping and drive circuit so that set the output signal of input circuit, the output signal of current foldback circuit and the output signal of Hall circuit according to motor speed, this microprocessor also connects the motor speed output circuit to export corresponding motor speed signal to the motor speed output circuit;
Between bootstrapping and drive circuit and motor, be provided with the three phase bridge circuit that constitutes by 6 field-effect transistors, be used for drive motors.
2, controller according to claim 1 is characterized in that described 6 field-effect transistors are provided with the copper sheet that covers of the printed circuit board (PCB) that is used to dispel the heat.
3, controller according to claim 1 is characterized in that described motor speed setting input circuit comprises a computing comparator, and this computing comparator links to each other with described microprocessor.
4, controller according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described bootstrapping and drive circuit connect the last brachium pontis of described three phase bridge circuit, and described microprocessor connects the following brachium pontis of described three phase bridge circuit.
5, controller according to claim 1; it is characterized in that; comprise in the current foldback circuit that is used for the comparator that current of electric is compared with a predetermined current value; an input of this comparator connects three phase bridge circuit to gather current of electric; the output of this comparator connects microprocessor, is used to send the excessive signal of current of electric.
6, controller according to claim 1 is characterized in that, is parallel with surge clamp diode and capacitor at the dc voltage input end of three phase bridge circuit.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 01270871 CN2512160Y (en) | 2001-11-16 | 2001-11-16 | Controller for speed-adjusting three-phase D.C. brushless permanent-magnet electric motor |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 01270871 CN2512160Y (en) | 2001-11-16 | 2001-11-16 | Controller for speed-adjusting three-phase D.C. brushless permanent-magnet electric motor |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN2512160Y true CN2512160Y (en) | 2002-09-18 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 01270871 Expired - Fee Related CN2512160Y (en) | 2001-11-16 | 2001-11-16 | Controller for speed-adjusting three-phase D.C. brushless permanent-magnet electric motor |
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| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN2512160Y (en) |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100477478C (en) * | 2005-10-18 | 2009-04-08 | 三星电子株式会社 | Device for preheating frequency-conversion compressor and method thereof |
| CN101051776B (en) * | 2006-02-17 | 2011-05-25 | 日本电产三协株式会社 | Pump and pump system |
| CN102255587A (en) * | 2011-07-04 | 2011-11-23 | 中山大洋电机制造有限公司 | Pure hardware simulation controller for DC brushless motor |
| CN102290790A (en) * | 2011-08-25 | 2011-12-21 | 南京航空航天大学 | Fault detecting and protective circuit of brushless direct current motor |
| CN106549612A (en) * | 2016-12-20 | 2017-03-29 | 峰岹科技（深圳）有限公司 | For the soft start control switching circuit and control method of brshless DC motor |
| CN112311282A (en) * | 2020-09-29 | 2021-02-02 | 芜湖莫森泰克汽车科技股份有限公司 | Lifter brushless motor electric control device and method |
-
2001
- 2001-11-16 CN CN 01270871 patent/CN2512160Y/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100477478C (en) * | 2005-10-18 | 2009-04-08 | 三星电子株式会社 | Device for preheating frequency-conversion compressor and method thereof |
| CN101051776B (en) * | 2006-02-17 | 2011-05-25 | 日本电产三协株式会社 | Pump and pump system |
| CN102255587A (en) * | 2011-07-04 | 2011-11-23 | 中山大洋电机制造有限公司 | Pure hardware simulation controller for DC brushless motor |
| CN102255587B (en) * | 2011-07-04 | 2015-01-14 | 中山大洋电机制造有限公司 | Pure hardware simulation controller for DC brushless motor |
| CN102290790A (en) * | 2011-08-25 | 2011-12-21 | 南京航空航天大学 | Fault detecting and protective circuit of brushless direct current motor |
| CN102290790B (en) * | 2011-08-25 | 2014-01-29 | 南京航空航天大学 | Fault detecting and protective circuit of brushless direct current motor |
| CN106549612A (en) * | 2016-12-20 | 2017-03-29 | 峰岹科技（深圳）有限公司 | For the soft start control switching circuit and control method of brshless DC motor |
| CN106549612B (en) * | 2016-12-20 | 2018-10-09 | 峰岹科技（深圳）有限公司 | Soft start control switching circuit and control method for brshless DC motor |
| CN112311282A (en) * | 2020-09-29 | 2021-02-02 | 芜湖莫森泰克汽车科技股份有限公司 | Lifter brushless motor electric control device and method |
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| Date | Code | Title | Description |
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| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| C19 | Lapse of patent right due to non-payment of the annual fee | ||
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |