CN2463104Y - Microcomputer controlled deep-cold processing working device - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to a microcomputer controlled deep-cold treatment processing device, which is formed by the connection of a switch valve, a cold treatment chamber, a coil type refrigerating pipe, a thermocouple, a microcomputer or an industrial control computer, a printer, a display, a keyboard, a control cabinet, a low temperature liquid storage chamber, a safety valve, an electromagnetic valve and a high pressure air chamber together through pipelines, pipe connectors and connecting lines respectively. A hardware circuit of the utility model is formed by mutually electric connection of a temperature measurement sensor, a signal conditioning circuit, an A/D conversion circuit, a multi-function data collection card, a microcomputer or an industrial control computer, an electromagnetic valve control circuit, a display, a printer, a keyboard and an electromagnetic valve through respective signal lines. The utility model has the advantages of high automation, simple and convenient operation, long service life, high reliability, uniform temperature field distribution, accurate control, low nitrogen consumption, low cost, wide ranges for work piece processing and no pollution.

Description

Microcomputer controlled deeply cold processing equipment

The utility model is a microcomputer controlled deeply cold processing equipment, belongs to the deep cooling processing technology equipment of tool material.

Along with the development of numerically-controlled machine, machining center and automatization processing, reduce tool wear with damaged, stably improve the reliability of cutter, more and more cause people's attention.Because, the quick wearing and tearing of cutter and breakage are not only the cutter quality problems, it will involve the reinstalling of cutter, the adjustment of cutter, the series of problems such as adjustment of lathe, so the length of cutter life is the important factor that influences production efficiency, thereby people constantly release some new metal-cutting machining method and toolings thereof.The processing method of sub-zero treatment cutter is a kind of important method wherein.Experiment shows that it can improve the wear resistance of cutter effectively, thereby makes cutter life prolong greatly.But the processing unit (plant) of sub-zero treatment is the bottleneck that the restriction cryogenic treatment process is popularized always.This just demonstrates the necessity of exploitation deeply cold processing equipment all the more.Deep cooling also often is called deep refrigeration, often refers to be lower than-161 ℃ low-temperature condition, and sub-zero treatment belongs to low temperature technique.The required low temperature of sub-zero treatment normally utilizes freezing by change of state to acquire.Adopt the sub-zero treatment technology can make cutter life prolong several times.Tool material through deep low temperature procession is crossed have all played variation from the surface to the internal organizational structure, the cutter of producing can not make its internal structure tissue change because of refacing, thus the wear resistance and the work-ing life of having improved cutter.The key of cryogenics be how convenient, fast, cheap, reliably and controllably obtain low temperature.At present, obtaining cryogenic method usually has two kinds: a kind of is spraying process, is provided with shower around the promptly processed tool material, spray vaporific cryogenic liquid, utilize control spray speed to obtain needed low temperature, but the difficult control of its temperature is easy especially cold excessively; Another kind method is the certain position that treated material is placed on the liquid level top, utilizes the cold air stream and the electrically heated controlled temperature of evaporation, and this method is relatively saved cryogenic liquid, but occurs the cold air deficiency sometimes; Certainly, also have directly machined material " immersion " in cryogenic liquid, this mode just more is difficult to adjust temperature.

The purpose of this utility model is exactly for the cryogenic temperature that overcomes and solve existing sub-zero treatment processing technology is difficult to adjust, controls, easy mistake is cold or cold inadequately etc. shortcoming and problem, and a kind of energy of research and design is convenient, fast, cheap, obtain the microcomputer controlled deeply cold processing equipment of required cryogenic temperature reliably.

The utility model is realized by following technical proposals: the microcomputer controlled deeply cold processing equipment structural representation as shown in Figure 1; Its hardware circuit skeleton diagram as shown in Figure 2; Its signal conditioning circuit schematic diagram as shown in Figure 3; The pilot circuit schematic diagram of its magnetic valve as shown in Figure 4; Its microcomputer control main program flow skeleton diagram as shown in Figure 5, digital filtering sub-routine flow diagram is as shown in Figure 6; Time-delay thermometric sub-routine flow diagram as shown in Figure 7; Temperature control sub-routine flow diagram as shown in Figure 8; Show and print curve sub-routine flow diagram as shown in Figure 9; Its process curve as shown in figure 10; Microcomputer controlled deeply cold processing equipment is by switch-valve 1, induction pipe 2, cold treatment room 3, coil tube type refrigerator pipes 4, thermopair 5, tube stub 6, venting hole 7, cryogenic liquid transfer lime 8, control line of electromagnetic valve 9, microcomputer and housing order wire 10, computer or industrial computer 11, data line 12, indicating meter 13, keyboard 14, printer 15, supply lead 16, housing 17, cryogenic liquid storage vault 18, safety valve 19, magnetic valve 20,21,22, high pressure gas chamber 23 connects and composes jointly, and its mutual alignment and annexation are: high pressure gas chamber 23 is connected with magnetic valve 22 by switch-valve 1 and induction pipe 2; The cold treatment room 3 that offers venting hole 7 is connected with magnetic valve 21 by tube stub 6, cryogenic liquid transfer lime 8; The thermopair 5 that is installed on cold treatment room 3 is electrically connected with housing 17 mutually by control line; Housing 17 is electrically connected with magnetic valve 20,21,22 respectively mutually by control line of electromagnetic valve 9 respectively; Computer or industrial computer 11 are electrically connected with housing 17 mutually by order wire 10; Indicating meter 13, keyboard 14, printer 15 are electrically connected mutually by data line 12; Indicating meter 13 is electrically connected mutually by the power supply of supply lead 16 with housing 17; Safety valve 19 is loaded on liquid reservoir compartment 18; Cryogenic liquid storage vault 18 is connected with magnetic valve 20,21 respectively by tube stub and pipeline; Magnetic valve 20 is connected with magnetic valve 22 by pipeline; The utility model device hardware circuit is electrically connected jointly by sensor for measuring temperature, signal conditioning circuit, A/D change-over circuit and multifunctional data acquisition card, microcomputer or industrial computer, solenoid valve control circuit, indicating meter and keyboard, printer and constitutes, and its mutual alignment and annexation are: signal conditioning circuit is electrically connected with sensor for measuring temperature, A/D change-over circuit and multifunctional data acquisition card respectively mutually by temperature measurement signal line, A/D change over signal line respectively; Microcomputer or industrial computer are electrically connected with multifunctional data acquisition card, solenoid valve control circuit, printer, keyboard, indicating meter respectively mutually by data line, solenoid control signal wire, printing signal line, keyboard signal line, display signal line respectively, and solenoid valve control circuit is electrically connected with magnetic valve 20,21,22 respectively mutually by the output control signal wire respectively; Wherein: signal conditioning circuit is connected and composed jointly by amplifier integration member IC1, IC2, diode D1, D2, resistance R 1～R5, capacitor C 1～C5, potentiometer W1, W2; Solenoid valve control circuit is connected and composed jointly by photoelectric coupled device G1, triode T1, T2, resistance R 6～R9, capacitor C 6, C7, diode D3, magnetic valve solenoid J1.

Sub-zero treatment processing principle of work of the present utility model is as follows: the utility model provides microcomputer controlled deeply cold processing equipment, to realize that accuracy control over temperature is satisfied the requirement of processed tool material sub-zero treatment; This device comprises five major parts, i.e. cold treatment room, cryogenic liquid storage vault, high pressure gas chamber, microcomputer control part (computer and housing), printer; Five parts synergy, controlled temperature detection, data processing, refrigerant flow, data are printed, and constitute deeply cold processing equipment; Cold treatment room's sidepiece has venting hole, and temperature sensor (thermopair) and coil tube type refrigerator pipes also are installed; The coil tube type refrigerator pipes has two-layer, be with two copper tubes and around forming, for temperature even, adopt to intersect the method for turnover liquids and gases: go out on promptly advancing under one, one goes out under enterprising, and outlet directly stays in the treatment chamber, and the gas of vaporization is produced in cold treatment room from stirring, thereby make cold treatment room under the situation that fan is not installed, it is even that room temp also is tending towards; This device adopts computer controlled automatic rate temperature change and temperature value, according to different processing requirement design temperature running parameters and after importing microcomputer, by the microcomputer automatic control entire treatment course of processing; Profound hypothermia temper Technology adopts liquid nitrogen as refrigeration agent, cutter and material are in cold treatment room's container, be cooled to-100 ℃～-194 ℃ temperature through 50 ℃～100 ℃/hour speed of cooling, cold insulation is 10～20 hours under this temperature, be warming up to room temperature with 50 ℃～100 ℃ hours heat-up rate again, carry out the heat/quenching of generally held standard, the full technological process that tempering process constitutes sub-zero treatment again, its process curve as shown in figure 10; Under the control of computer, the temperature in the cold treatment room can descend, be incubated, heat up, to satisfy the treatment process requirement of different tool material the time in accordance with regulations; Computer links to each other with printer, can print respectively to set and actual cooling curve, also can be stored in the curve that draws in the machine in the database simultaneously; Cold treatment room adopts the coil tube type refrigerator pipes to satisfy the homogeneity of room temp field; And temperature sensor is installed in the treatment chamber, realizes sampling, be beneficial to the unlatching that computer is regulated magnetic valve more accurately, thereby the temperature of cold treatment room is realized closed-loop control the room temp value.

The working process of the utility model device is as follows: at first open switch-valve 1, housing 17, start computer 11 then, the operation work program, device can be by housing 17 through control line of electromagnetic valve 9 opens solenoid valve 20,21,22, so cryogenic liquid will be under the pressure of high pressure gas chamber 23 mesohigh gases be transported to by the cryogenic liquid transfer lime and begins refrigeration in the coil tube type refrigerator pipes 4; Simultaneously, device is sampled to the deepfreeze room temp, and the temperature value that records and the temperature value of setting compared, the decision magnetic valve 21 unlatching or close, thereby controlled chilling speed and cooling temperature, realization reaches the requirement of workpiece deep low temperature procession processing to the closed-loop control of temperature in the cold treatment room 3.

The whole hardware and the circuit working action principle of this deeply cold processing equipment are as follows: whole deeply cold processing equipment is a core with high performance microcomputer (or PC bus industrial computer) and multifunctional data acquisition card AR-B3202F (or PCL-818L etc.).Microcomputer or PC bus industrial computer are mainly used in real-time control test process, data processing, storage, inquiry, statistical study and system management etc.; The multifunctional data acquisition card of AR-B3202F or the contour performance of PCL-818F provides A/D, D/A conversion, digital input and output, and programmable time counter/timer is finished accurate data sampling function; Modulate circuit amplifies sensor signal; Output circuit is the isolated output control circuit of photoelectricity, be used to control each magnetic valve unlatching, close; Temperature sensor can adopt thermocouple sensor (as the copper constantan type: the measuring accuracy height; Useful range is wide, is generally-200 ℃～200 ℃; Simple in structure, easy to use) or thermal resistance sensor (it is to utilize semi-conductor or semi-conductive resistivity to vary with temperature and the principle that changes is made, and it is-200 ℃～+ 85 ℃ that the common metal thermal resistance sensor is measured temperature range) also can select integrated temperature sensor for use; Wherein, three magnetic valves are used to control the unlatching of pressurization gas and liquid nitrogen, guarantee that the temperature of cold treatment room changes by predetermined temperature profile.

The style of work principle of each schematic circuit diagram is as follows: Fig. 3 is a signal conditioning circuit, and IC1 can select for use from amplifier chips such as steady zero high precision ICL7650 or OP07, and back one-level amplifier mainly is to finish negative function, can select CA3140 for use.Potentiometer W2 is used for adjusting magnification, can select the multi-turn precision resistor for use; Fig. 4 is the pilot circuit schematic diagram of magnetic valve.J represents the solenoid (wherein magnetic valve can be selected QF type needle-type throttle valve for use) of magnetic valve, and its break-make is by the output switching value control of computer.Power magnification is finished by transistor T 1 and T2.The diode D that is connected in parallel on the J two ends is used for discharging the inverted voltage that produces when coil blackout.This surge voltage can not enter computer and influence its works better the undesired signal of circuit.During device work, computer is by the connecting and disconnecting of I/O interface output high-low level control J.When computer output high level, photoelectrical coupler G is output as lower level, and transistor T 1 not conducting, T2 conducting have electric current to flow through among the J; When computer was output as lower level, G was output as high level, and T1 conducting, T2 end, and J is turned off.In the moment of turn-offing J, be stored in energy in the coil and constitute the loop by J and diode D and become heat energy consumption and fall.

The software of the utility model device adopts Visual C++6.00 development platform, based on Window9x operating system, whole software can be divided into four parts: course of processing curve sub-routine is printed in master routine, digital filtering sub-routine, time-delay thermometric sub-routine, temperature control sub-routine, demonstration, also establish database in the program, main program flow chart as shown in Figure 5; In the input signal of computer application system, generally contain various noises and interference, they are mainly from measured signal itself, transmitter or extraneous interference.In order to improve the reliability of signal, reduce the influence of spurious signal, can adopt software approach to realize digital filtering.Digital filter program, improve signal to noise ratio by certain calculating or judgement exactly, it is compared with hardware RC wave filter and has the following advantages: (1) digital filtering is realized with program, do not need to increase any hardware device, there is not resistance matching problem yet, can hyperchannel shared, not only can economize on resources, also can improve reliability, stability; (2) can realize filtering to the very low signal of frequency, and simulation RC circuit is subjected to the restriction of capacitance, frequency can not be too low; (3) handiness is good, can realize different filtering methods with different filters, or changes the parameter of wave filter; The method of digital filtering has multiple, and this program employing program is judged filtering; Program judges that filtering is rule of thumb, determines the maximum deviation Δ X that the input signal of double sampling may occur, if surpass this deviate, can show that then input signal is a undesired signal, should remove; With last time sampled value as this sampled value; If less than, equal Δ X, do not show to be interfered that this sampled value is effective.Because in cold treatment room, temperature can not change a lot in the kind at several seconds (, also need decide) on the space size of cold treatment room such as hundreds of degree.So can make the variation range of a maximum possible from experience, each sampling all with last time sampled value relatively, if rangeability is no more than empirical value, this sampling is effectively; Otherwise, be considered as invalid abandoning, to be as the criterion last time.The digital filtering subroutine flow chart is seen shown in Figure 6; In this device, variation of temperature is more slowly, and therefore, software adopts time-delay thermometric sub-routine; Promptly in the temperature sampling program, adopted time-delay.Time-delay thermometric subroutine flow chart as shown in Figure 7; Actual measured value by temperature is compared with set(ting)value (establishing set(ting)value is ε), and its actual measured value is a Δ, if Δ＜ε, magnetic valve 21 continues opening; If Δ＞ε, magnetic valve 21 disconnect (can surpass set(ting)value slightly, promptly Δ can be slightly greater than ε); If Δ=ε, time-delay cold insulation (in fact also will repeat said process---recursive call, promptly constantly measure temperature and compare) with set(ting)value; Temperature control subroutine flow chart as shown in Figure 8; Show and print course of processing curve subroutine flow chart as shown in Figure 9.

The utility model compared with prior art has following advantage and beneficial effect: (1) the utility model plant automation degree height, and simple to operation; (2) the utility model device control circuit adopts unicircuit, long service life, reliability height; (3) the utility model uniform distribution of temperature field and control are accurately; (4) the utility model nitrogen consuming amount is few, saves cost; (5) the utility model processing work scope is wide, and is pollution-free with the utility model processing.

Below Figure of description is further specified as follows: Fig. 1 is the structural representation of this microcomputer controlled deeply cold processing equipment; Fig. 2 is its whole hardware circuit skeleton diagram; Fig. 3 is its signal conditioning circuit schematic diagram; Fig. 4 is its solenoid valve control circuit schematic diagram; Fig. 5 is this apparatus control program main program flow skeleton diagram; Fig. 6 is a digital filtering sub-routine flow diagram; Fig. 7 is its Time delay measurement sub-routine flow diagram; Fig. 8 is its temperature control sub-routine flow diagram; Fig. 9 is that this device shows printing course of processing curve sub-routine flow diagram; Figure 10 is a sub-zero treatment complete processing graphic representation.

Embodiment of the present utility model can be as follows: (1) by shown in Figure 1, design, processing and manufacturing or choose each parts of this device; For example: switch-valve 1 optional YQD-07 type; Safety valve 19 optional YQD-07 types; Cold treatment room 3, tube stub 6, housing 17, cryogenic liquid storage vault 18 can select for use the metal or alloy steel to form with the machine-tooled method processing and manufacturing with common; Magnetic valve 20,21,22 can be selected QF type needle-type throttle valve for use; The optional high pressure resistant steel punching presses of high pressure gas chamber 23 form, and other pipe connecting, transport pipe can select for use aluminium alloy to belong to processing and manufacturing, chosen each parts after, can connection be installed by the described interconnected relationship of top specification sheets; (2) computer can select for use IBM PC series microcomputer or Taiwan to grind auspicious industrial computer; Indicating meter and printer can be selected supporting indicating meter of selected computer and printer for use; Multifunctional data acquisition card can select for use AR-B3202F type or PCL-818L card, temperature sensor can select the thermocouple sensor of copper constantan type for use; Temperature measurement range can be at-200 ℃～+ 200 ℃; If select for use metal fever resistance sensor measurement temperature range can be selected in-200 ℃～+ 85 ℃; Also can select integrated temperature sensor for use.After having chosen each parts, can connection be installed by the annexation of shown in Figure 2 and top specification sheets; (3) by Fig. 3, drafting printed circuit board shown in Figure 4, screen components and parts then the junction circuit plate be installed, for example: IC1 can be selected from steady zero high-operational amplifier integration member ICL7650 or OP07 etc.; The optional amplifier integration member of IC2 CA3140; The optional 2KC44 of diode D1, D2; The optional 4N25 of G; The optional 3DG6D type of triode T1, T2; (4) by Fig. 5～each software control procedure of working out respectively shown in Figure 9, and the storage of input microcomputer memory, to control this deeply cold processing equipment; So just, can implement the utility model preferably.

Claims (1)

1, a kind of microcomputer controlled deeply cold processing equipment, it is characterized in that: it is by switch-valve (1), induction pipe (2), cold treatment room (3), coil tube type refrigerator pipes (4), thermopair (5), tube stub (6), venting hole (7), cryogenic liquid transfer lime (8), control line of electromagnetic valve (9), microcomputer and housing order wire (10), computer or industrial computer (11), data line (12), indicating meter (13), keyboard (14), printer (15), supply lead (16), housing (17), cryogenic liquid storage vault (18), safety valve (19), magnetic valve (20), (21), (22), high pressure gas chamber (23) connects and composes jointly, and its mutual alignment and annexation are: high pressure gas chamber (23) is connected with magnetic valve (22) by switch-valve (1) and induction pipe (2); The cold treatment room (3) that offers venting hole (7) is connected with magnetic valve (21) by tube stub (6), cryogenic liquid transfer lime (8); The thermopair (5) that is installed on cold treatment room (3) is electrically connected with housing (17) mutually by control line; Housing (17) is electrically connected with magnetic valve (20), (21), (22) respectively mutually by control line of electromagnetic valve (9) respectively; Computer or industrial computer (11) are electrically connected with housing (17) mutually by order wire (10); Indicating meter (13), keyboard (14), printer (15) are electrically connected mutually by data line (12); Indicating meter (13) is electrically connected mutually by the power supply of supply lead (16) with housing (17); Safety valve (19) is loaded on liquid reservoir compartment (18); Cryogenic liquid storage vault (18) is connected with magnetic valve (20), (21) respectively by tube stub and pipeline; Magnetic valve (20) is connected with magnetic valve (22) by pipeline; This device hardware circuit is electrically connected jointly by sensor for measuring temperature, signal conditioning circuit, A/D change-over circuit and multifunctional data acquisition card, computer or industrial computer, solenoid valve control circuit, indicating meter and keyboard, printer and constitutes, and its mutual alignment and annexation are: signal conditioning circuit is electrically connected with sensor for measuring temperature, A/D change-over circuit and multifunctional data acquisition card respectively mutually by temperature measurement signal line, A/D change over signal line respectively; Microcomputer or industrial computer are electrically connected with multifunctional data acquisition card, solenoid valve control circuit, printer, keyboard, indicating meter respectively mutually by data line, solenoid control signal wire, printing signal line, keyboard signal line, display signal line respectively, and solenoid valve control circuit is electrically connected with magnetic valve (20), (21), (22) respectively mutually by output signal line respectively;

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