CN2456360Y - Low speed motor hub with speed and force measuring mechanism - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to a low speed motor hub with speed and force measuring mechanism, which belongs to the design field of electric bicycles. The utility model comprises a DC motor hub with brushes, a hollow round table, and a force measuring mechanism, wherein, the inner side of a top cover of a housing of a motor is provided with a notch; the force measuring mechanism which is arranged in a hub comprises a force measuring driving disk, and the force measuring driving disk is linked with a fly wheel. The driving disk is provided with blades, and the number of the blades corresponds to the number of the notches; magnetic sheets are respectively and uniformly fixed on a same circumference of the hollow round table and end surfaces of the blades; fixed components which are positioned at relative positions of the magnetic sheets are fixed with more than more hall switch. The utility model has the advantages that the structure is compact, the cost of manufacturing is low, the service life is long, the response of detection is sensitive, and the measuring precision is high.

Description

Be with the low speed brush motor wheel hub of the force measuring machine that tests the speed

The utility model belongs to the electric bicycle design field, particularly incorporate intelligent type electricity-aid hub design of dynamometry speed measuring device and electric wheel hub and transformation.

Electric bicycle has progressively been promoted as a kind of environmental protection running vehicle and has been come, and wherein begins to occur a plurality of kinds be used as power critical piece one electric wheel hub of form of wheel hub.Summary is got up, and mainly contains three types:

1, the electric wheel hub of high-speed electric expreess locomotive band reducing gear.Its advantage: power producing characteristics is harder, and grade climbing performance is good.Its shortcoming: gear noise is big, and gear is easy to wear, and the gear pair manufacturing cost that engagement is good is higher.

2, the electric wheel hub of low speed brush motor form.Its advantage: saved gear reduction, in the recent period because the raising of design performance, in the electric bicycle starting, level road and band clivia road traveling, its performance is all not second to the electric wheel hub of high-speed electric expreess locomotive band reducing gear.And manufacturing cost is minimum.Its shortcoming: the carbon brush life-span is limited, and weight is bigger.

Common carbon brush compression spring is a kind of round multi-turn spring, and when new carbon brush, carbon brush length is longer, and the compression spring is more, the bounce of spring also big (through measuring about 200 grams).Contact pressure between carbon brush and the commutator is bigger at this moment, and the carbon brush wearing and tearing are bigger, and the consume of motor self machinery is also bigger.And when carbon brush mill in short-term, the pressure that the bounce of spring has reduced between (through measuring about 50 grams) carbon brush this moment and the commutator is too little, motor when commutation, shake starting arc easily between carbon brush and the commutator.Electric arc burns out carbon brush and commutator easily, makes its lost of life.

It is a kind of motor of flat pattern that wheel hub type low speed has the brush direct current machine, because its flat particularity structure, the commutator that has determined it can only be that a 4-5mm is thick, inlays the big plectane of phenolic aldehyde glass plastic of commutation copper sheet.And its fixing tap welding (being certainly before the welding) that also can only lean on motor coil by the mold location.Therefore caused its two big congenital deficiencies, one, because inevitable electric arc when the friction of carbon brush and commutation, the variations in temperature of commutator is bigger.And commutator is a very thin big plectane, so commutator is easy to generate distortion and vibration when rotated.Its two because commutator is a very thin big plectane, not have well fixing during installation again and self location, so be difficult to guarantee that the copper segment surface is vertical with rotating shaft, rotate swing and the vibration of getting up also to have aggravated carbon brush and commutator.

3, the electric wheel hub of low-speed brushless motor form.Its advantage: do not have reducing gear, do not have carbon brush, useful life is the longest.Performance and brush motor are approaching.Its shortcoming: the electronic commutator cost is very high, and the reliability of electronic commutator awaits improving at present.

The present promotion rate of electric bicycle does not expect that fast main cause is the capacity that is subjected on storage battery, life-span and price.The more popular manual type of China.External because traffic administration, safety, body-building, and rationally use reason such as the storage battery energy generally limits manual type, advocates manpower and 1: 1 intelligent electric bicycle of electric power, and it as one of 100 inventions of great significance nineties in last century.Tsing-Hua University has " bicycle with intellectual electric driver " patent (patent No. is ZL96216048.2), this patent is that the dynamometry tachogenerator is positioned on the eccentric axis, manpower that the microcomputer analysis measures and speed, start electric wheel hub, allow the power of electric wheel hub output and manpower 1: 1 (or 1.5: 1), thereby reach the target of intelligent automation control.And there is bulk article to enter the Japanese market, obtains Expected Results preferably.

Because former dynamometry velocity measurement mechanisms and electric wheel hub is two bodies all the time, manufacturing cost is higher, installs and also will consider two aspects.Also repeatedly imagine it is united two into one, but fail all the time.

The purpose of this utility model is for overcoming the weak point of prior art, design the test the speed low speed brush motor wheel hub of force measuring machine of a kind of band, adopt low-cost Hall switch, magnetic sheet, as measuring component, and the carbon brush and the carbon brush stage clip of low-speed DC motor two transformations have been carried out, and device for measuring force is designed in electronic opinion hub inside, realized integratedly, made it have compact conformation, low cost of manufacture, long service life, the detection reaction sensitivity, the advantage that certainty of measurement is high, but wide popularization and application.

The test the speed low speed brush motor wheel hub of force measuring machine of a kind of band of the utility model design, a brush direct current motor that comprises the similar wheel hub of profile, said motor is by shell, and be located in wherein motor shaft, be set in silicon steel sheet core and coil thereof on the said motor shaft, the neodymium iron boron stator, commutator, carbon brush, carbon brush stage clip and carbon brush holder; Said shell by base with constitute with the top cover that screw links to each other with it; It is characterized in that, there is a hollow round table said top cover inboard, this hollow round table inwall has the plural notch with center of circle symmetry, also comprise a dynamometry velocity measurement mechanisms that is arranged in the said motor wheel hub, this dynamometry velocity measurement mechanisms comprise one be set on this motor shaft and with the dynamometry driving disc spacing pressing of flywheel interlock, this driving disc spacing pressing has and the corresponding blade of this notch quantity, make blade stretch in the notch and the gap of certain angle, in said gap, be equiped with stage clip, on the same circumference of the end face of this hollow round table and blade, evenly be fixed with magnetic sheet respectively, on the fixed part of the relative position of said magnetic sheet, be fixed with more than one Hall switch.Said gap is 6 °-15 °.

Said carbon brush stage clip is the dish type wind spring, and said carbon brush afterbody is placed on the disc type wind spring of both sides symmetry.

Said brush-box is two brush-boxs of both sides symmetry roof pressure commutator, and 4 carbon brush are arranged in said each brush-box.

The measuring principle of dynamometry velocity measurement mechanisms of the present utility model as shown in Figure 1, N rotary body (above-mentioned dynamometry driving disc spacing pressing) is generally active body, is installed in as mentioned above in the wheel hub, it and flywheel link.The rotary body of M rotary body (hollow round table of above-mentioned top cover inboard) for being driven, it and the rotatable hub shell of taking turns are one.N body and M body come transfer torque by 4 stage clips.

When the people when riding bicycle, pedal power changes moment of torsion into by the pedal arm, this moment of torsion is by large toothed disk, bicycle chain, flywheel makes the rotation of N body.Because 4 springs of the rotation of N body compression make spring produce the displacement of a Φ x.Pedal power is big more, and Φ x value is just big more.

Φ M is the maximum of length of spring compressed, and pedal power is 20 kilograms if set at this moment, in pedal power 0-20 kilogram scope, 0-Φ M displacement is just arranged between N body and the M body so.This shows, as long as energy measurement is to the value of Φ x at any time, the just instantaneous value of pedal power at that time as can be known immediately.Monolithic computer just can provide signal, makes the motor in the wheel hub export corresponding 1: 1 moment, reaches the target of Based Intelligent Control.

The key of measuring just is; N and M body are with the speed of the speed of a motor vehicle, and rotary speed is sometimes fast and sometimes slow, and Φ x value is with the pedal power size variation, the time little when big.And must measure Φ x value accurately in four/one-period of circumference, allow single-chip microcomputer provide signal immediately, otherwise will react insensitive, riding of intelligent vehicle is sympathetic bad.

Key of the present utility model is that a benchmark is installed on the M rotary body, and anti-" chi " of rotation synchronously just is installed on M and N rotary body, utilizes this chi just can accurately measure the Φ x of transient change.Below get 1/4th bright its principles of M and N body, as shown in Figure 2.

At first with four ndfeb disk C1, C2, C3, C4 sticks on respectively on M and the N body by the diagram requirement, and promptly C1, C2, C3 are on same radius of a circle R, and the center of circle angle of C1 and C2 is 30 °.The C4 magnetic sheet be bonded at the same diameter line of C1 magnetic sheet on, radius value difference just.Two Hall switch H1 and H2 are installed in respectively and C1, and C4 is with radius and on the fixing not Plane of rotation of magnetic sheet axial distance 2-3mm.Lead-out wire and the single chip circuit of H1 and H2 link, and are responsible for signals collecting.Behind power connection, the magnetic sheet rotation is by Hall switch, and H1 and H2 just have pulse signal output.

One group of magnetic sheet of H2 and C4 is responsible for detecting rotating speed, has four groups of C1 on whole M and the N rotary body, C2, and C3, C4,16 magnetic sheets, when individual C4 magnetic sheet was arranged by H2, H2 just had a pulse signal output.Four pulse signals are just represented a commentaries on classics so.The H2 pulse signal still is the synchronizing signal of dynamometry signal simultaneously, has H2 signal indication dynamometry signal H1 pulse to begin effectively.

Here C1, C2 be with sticking on the M body, and its center of circle angle be 30 ° eternal constant, the device of being made up of C1 and C2 magnetic sheet and H1 Hall switch is exactly " a synchronous base chi ", just can measure the value of Φ x with this chi.

Can pass through three kinds of typicalnesses below, describe the dynamometry overall process clearly:

1.M when under not being subjected to the pedal power situation, at the uniform velocity rotating with the N body, this moment spring do not stress Φ x=0 when C4 by H2 time output dynamometry useful signal, meanwhile C1 is also just in time by H1, H1 has signal to export, single-chip microcomputer begins that H1 is had signal output, and single-chip microcomputer begins the timing of H1 signal.When the time of C2 magnetic sheet single-chip microcomputer meter record during by H1 is Δ t1, begins to count the time of record C2 to C3 simultaneously again, is Δ t2 when the C3 C2-C3 time interval that meter is recorded during by H1.Because of C1 equates with the central angle of C3 with central angle and the C2 of C2, be 30 °, and be the at the uniform velocity rotation that does not stress, angular velocity varies is ignored in the quadrant.So this instantaneous just have Δ t1=Δ t2 in fact Δ t1 be real " station meter ", it is constant except angular speed.(annotate: the size of the rotating speed t value of different angular speed is different, but both equate) is so just there is T Φ _x=Δ t ₁-Δ t ₂=0 if will remove angular speed to the influencing us and just can represent result of calculation with following formula of calculated value, more directly perceived: $\frac{{\mathrm{\Δt}}_1-{\mathrm{\Δt}}_2}{{\mathrm{\Δt}}_1}=0$ This result shows: when pedal did not stress, spring did not stress yet, moment of torsion Nf=0 this moment Φ x=0 correspondence simultaneously $\frac{{\mathrm{\Δt}}_1-{\mathrm{\Δt}}_2}{{\mathrm{\Δt}}_1}=0$ 。

2. be 20 kilograms of the maximums of setting if N and M body are subjected to pedal power, the compressed value Φ x=of spring this moment Φ M is a maximum, if the central angle by the compression of the set point among the figure is 15 °, when the magnetic sheet rotation on this moment M and N rotary body is by H1 and H2 so, the C1 that single chip computer measurement arrives and the time interval of C2 still are Δ t1, and the time interval T Φ of C2 that measures and C3 _x=Δ t ₂=0.5 Δ t ₁So just have $\frac{{\mathrm{\Δt}}_1-{\mathrm{\Δt}}_2}{{\mathrm{\Δt}}_1}=0.5$ 。This result shows: when pedal power during for 20 kilograms of the maximums set, spring all is compressed, this moment moment of torsion Nf maximum, M=15 ° of correspondence of Φ x=Φ $\frac{{\mathrm{\Δt}}_1-{\mathrm{\Δ}t}_2}{{\mathrm{\Δt}}_1}=0.5$ 。3. if N and M body instantaneously are subjected to pedal power F=x a certain, and 0＜x＜20 kilogram, at this moment spring by compression, the central angle of compression is Φ x, so T Φ _x=Δ t ₁-Δ t _xFormulate with removal angular speed: $\frac{{\mathrm{\Δt}}_1-{\mathrm{\Δt}}_x}{{\mathrm{\Δt}}_1}=X$ The x here is a constant, and its numerical value is that the corresponding pedal power in 0＜x＜0.5 is 0＜Fx＜20 kilogram.Like this, single-chip microcomputer whenever measures an x value, just can export a signal that allows motor-output of 1: 1.The relation of X and Fx can be linear, perhaps is non-linear, and this all has no relations.Can compensate by actual riding, till riding sense the best.

When some user wishes to exert oneself than big, can when output signal, be multiplied by a COEFFICIENT K and get final product, can be the such manpower of K=1.5 (can be K=2 to the old man) and the ratio of electric power 1: 1,1: 1.5,1: 2 was adjustable at any time, satisfies user's needs.

As can be seen from Figure 2 magnetic sheet C4 once just produces a pulse signal by Hall switch H2, count down to 4 pulse signals and represents to make a circle.According to the N circle that per minute measures, multiply by the girth of wheel, just can calculate the speed of a motor vehicle.Single-chip microcomputer can carry out various controls according to the speed of a motor vehicle.

The utility model withstands on the spiral compression spring of common carbon brush afterbody with traditional low speed brush motor, changes Mainspring type dish-type constant force resilience spring into.Its assembly relation is shown in Fig. 4 a, and carbon brush 41 afterbodys are placed on the disc type wind spring 421,422 of both sides symmetry, and the disc type wind spring can be stretched with moving down of carbon brush, just the disc type wind spring behind the drawn can produce resilience force to carbon brush.Through low-speed DC carbon brush for electric machine about computation of table lookup 200W and the pressure between the commutator is optimum state when 85-90 restrains.

Through test of many times, the utility model adopts less than the thick stainless steel spring clockwork spring of 0.1mm, is rolled into the dish type spring with mould, and its resilience force is similar to constant pressure.We are pressed into brush-box with new carbon brush, and " constant force spring " is stretched to 13mm at this moment, and detecting its resilience force is 98 grams.Behind carbon brush wearing and tearing 10mm, " constant force spring " retracts to 3mm, detects its resilience force and still has 78 grams.These data show: brush whole wear-out life in the time at bullet, pressure between carbon brush and the commutator remains within the 78-98 gram, and very near the ideal value of 85-90 gram, its recoil of spring curve is shown in Fig. 4 b, ordinate is the spring stretching distance, and abscissa is a recoil of spring power.Because the trial-produceing successfully of " constant voltage spring ", the life-span of bullet brush and commutator can both prolong one times, simultaneously owing to the mechanical failure values of motor also remain on one lower, in the constant scope, the rotation of motor is also more steady, thereby has improved motor properties.

The utility model is in order to remedy the deficiency of traditional low speed brush motor, with a brush-box monolateral to commutator reinforcing make into two brush-box symmetrical balances to the commutator reinforcing reducing the vibration of commutator, thereby reduce electric arc.Simultaneously owing to adopt two brush-boxs, the quantity of carbon brush also is increased to 8 by original 4, and mean allocation also reduces half to the electric current of each carbon brush like this, and electric arc also can reduce.This measure is especially in high-power output, and it is especially obvious that big electric current reduces electric arc when using.Increased the life-span of carbon brush and commutator.Improved the characteristic of motor.

The utility model has following characteristics and good effect:

The first, the dynamometry velocity measurement mechanisms with synchronous base of the utility model design adopts low-cost Hall switch, magnetic sheet, as measuring component, measure reliably practicality, precisely and cost low, solved former electric bicycle intellectuality and failed the dynamometry problem of fine solution for a long time.

The second, the utility model changes common carbon brush compression spring into Mainspring type dish-type constant force resilience spring.Its resilience force is similar to constant pressure.The life-span of bullet brush and commutator can both prolong one times, simultaneously owing to the mechanical failure values of motor also remain on one lower, in the constant scope, the rotation of motor is also more steady, thereby has improved motor properties.

Three, reinforcing makes the reinforcing of two brush-box symmetrical balances into reducing the vibration of commutator to the utility model to commutator with a brush-box monolateral, thereby reduces electric arc.Simultaneously owing to adopt two brush-boxs, the quantity of carbon brush also original 4 in field is increased to 8, and mean allocation also reduces half to the electric current of each carbon brush like this, and electric arc also can reduce.This measure is especially in high-power output, and it is especially obvious that big electric current reduces electric arc when using.Increased the life-span of carbon brush and commutator.Improved the characteristic of motor.

Four, the utility model in electronic opinion hub inside, has been realized integrated the device for measuring force design.Whole output characteristic is not second to the characteristic of the wheel hub of high-speed electric expreess locomotive band deceleration.And the efficient of curve of output subregion (peak efficiency) is higher than the efficient (peak efficiency) of above-mentioned wheel hub.It directly can be installed on the ordinary bicycle, uses this practicality, and the intelligent type electricity-aid hub of low price can make bicycle with intellectual electric driver be more convenient for being applicable at world wide.

Brief Description Of Drawings:

Fig. 1 is a force measuring machine measuring principle schematic diagram of the present utility model.

Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram that concerns of Φ x in the force measuring machine principle of " benchmark is arranged " of the present utility model and pedal power.

Fig. 3 is that the installation that whole magnetic sheets and Hall switch are installed in the force measuring machine principle of the present utility model concerns schematic diagram.

Fig. 4 a is the profile schematic diagram of disc type wind spring of the present utility model.

Fig. 4 b is the resilience force curve chart of disc type wind spring of the present utility model.

Fig. 5 is the test the speed overall structure schematic diagram of brush motor wheel hub embodiment of band dynamometry of the present utility model.

The embodiment of a kind of low speed brush motor wheel hub with the dynamometry velocity measurement mechanisms of the utility model design is described with reference to the accompanying drawings as follows:

The integral body of the low speed brush motor wheel hub of the band dynamometry velocity measurement mechanisms of present embodiment as shown in Figure 5, a brush direct current motor that comprises the similar wheel hub of profile, said motor is by shell 1, and be located in wherein motor shaft 12, be set in silicon steel sheet core 13 and coil 14 thereof on the said motor shaft, neodymium iron boron stator 15, thin type big disk commutator 16 in the motor, the constant force dish type wind spring 18 and the carbon brush holder 19 of carbon brush 17, pressure carbon brush; Shell 1 by base 10 with constitute with the top cover 11 that screw links to each other with it; There is a hollow round table 110 top cover 11 inboards, this hollow round table inwall has 4 notches 111 with center of circle symmetry, also comprise a dynamometry velocity measurement mechanisms that is arranged in the said motor wheel hub, its detailed structure as shown in Figure 3, this dynamometry velocity measurement mechanisms comprise one be set on this motor shaft 12 and with the dynamometry driving disc spacing pressing 21 of flywheel 31 interlocks, this driving disc spacing pressing has corresponding 4 blades 211 of notch 111 quantity with the hollow round table 110 of top cover 11 inboards, make blade 211 stretch in the notch and 10 ° gap Φ M is arranged, in the gap, be equiped with spiral stage clip 212, on the same circumference of the end face of this hollow round table and blade, evenly be fixed with 12 magnetic sheets 213 respectively, on another circumference of hollow round table, be fixed with 4 magnetic sheets 214,16 magnetic sheets are Φ 5 * 1.5 ndfeb disks, two Hall switch 215,216 are mounted on the non-rotary axial restraint plane of magnetic sheet 2-3mm distance, and with the same radius of magnetic sheet, the magnetic sheet rotation is passed through, and has signal output to get final product.

When manpower scrunched bicycle pedal, moment drove the flywheel rotation by bicycle chain.Flywheel drives the rotation of dynamometry driving disc spacing pressing, and the round screw thread formula spring 212 of 4 carry-over moments is compressed in the rotation of dynamometry driving disc spacing pressing, moment is passed to the closure head 11 (being equivalent to the M body among Fig. 1) of motor by the spring 212 of carry-over moment.The rotation of top cover 11 rotates whole motor, thereby bicycle rear is rotated ... finish the overall process of pedal bicycle walking.

When power transmission spring 212 is compressed carry-over moment, the angular displacement of Φ x has taken place between magnetic sheet on the hollow round table and the magnetic sheet on the blade, the size of Φ x is directly relevant with the size of pin stirrup power.Being so when starting bicycle, is like this when bicycle running quickens or slow down equally.The Hall switch electronic sensor, the size one that is used to detect Φ x is the size of pedal power, and the rotating speed of motor (also being wheel).Power and rate signal that microcomputer collects according to Hall element start low speed brush motor wheel hub, and give 1: the 1 electrodynamic output of (or 1.5: 1) reaches pin and steps on startup, the purpose of the intelligent automatic control that pin stops cutting off the power supply.

Press the constant force dish type wind spring 18 of carbon brush 17 in the motor of present embodiment, totally 8.Each 4 up and down, become 180 degree symmetries.With the constant force of 8 carbon brush, push down the copper sheet that is adjacent on the commutator 16 with about 90 grams.Each 4 up and down of 8 carbon brush become 180 degree symmetries.Brush-box about in the of 19 the symmetry each 1, contain 4 constant force dish type wind springs and 4 carbon brush in each brush-box.

Claims (5)

1, a kind of band low speed brush motor wheel hub of force measuring machine that tests the speed, a brush direct current motor that comprises the similar wheel hub of profile, said motor is by shell, and be located in wherein motor shaft, be set in silicon steel sheet core and coil thereof on the said motor shaft, the neodymium iron boron stator, commutator, carbon brush, carbon brush stage clip and carbon brush holder; Said shell by base with constitute with the top cover that screw links to each other with it; It is characterized in that, there is a hollow round table said top cover inboard, this hollow round table inwall has the plural notch with center of circle symmetry, also comprise a dynamometry velocity measurement mechanisms that is arranged in the said motor wheel hub, this dynamometry velocity measurement mechanisms comprise one be set on this motor shaft and with the dynamometry driving disc spacing pressing of flywheel interlock, this driving disc spacing pressing has and the corresponding blade of this notch quantity, make blade stretch in the notch and the gap of certain angle, in said gap, be equiped with stage clip, on the same circumference of the end face of this hollow round table and blade, evenly be fixed with magnetic sheet respectively, on the fixed part of the relative position of said magnetic sheet, be fixed with more than one Hall switch.

2, the band as claimed in claim 1 low speed brush motor wheel hub of force measuring machine that tests the speed is characterized in that said gap is 6 °-15 °.

3, the band as claimed in claim 1 low speed brush motor wheel hub of force measuring machine that tests the speed is characterized in that said magnetic sheet adds up to 4 to 16.

4, the band as claimed in claim 1 low speed brush motor wheel hub of force measuring machine that tests the speed is characterized in that said carbon brush stage clip is the dish type wind spring, and said carbon brush afterbody is placed on the disc type wind spring of both sides symmetry.

5, the band as claimed in claim 1 low speed brush motor wheel hub of force measuring machine that tests the speed is characterized in that, said brush-box is two to four brush-boxs of both sides symmetry roof pressure commutator, and 4 carbon brush are arranged in said each brush-box

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