CN106130294B - A kind of double dynamical iron-core-free direct current generator of disc type - Google Patents
A kind of double dynamical iron-core-free direct current generator of disc type Download PDFInfo
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- CN106130294B CN106130294B CN201610756719.7A CN201610756719A CN106130294B CN 106130294 B CN106130294 B CN 106130294B CN 201610756719 A CN201610756719 A CN 201610756719A CN 106130294 B CN106130294 B CN 106130294B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K21/00—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets
- H02K21/12—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets
- H02K21/24—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets with magnets axially facing the armatures, e.g. hub-type cycle dynamos
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K3/00—Details of windings
- H02K3/04—Windings characterised by the conductor shape, form or construction, e.g. with bar conductors
- H02K3/22—Windings characterised by the conductor shape, form or construction, e.g. with bar conductors consisting of hollow conductors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K5/00—Casings; Enclosures; Supports
- H02K5/04—Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof
- H02K5/16—Means for supporting bearings, e.g. insulating supports or means for fitting bearings in the bearing-shields
- H02K5/161—Means for supporting bearings, e.g. insulating supports or means for fitting bearings in the bearing-shields radially supporting the rotary shaft at both ends of the rotor
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K2213/00—Specific aspects, not otherwise provided for and not covered by codes H02K2201/00 - H02K2211/00
- H02K2213/03—Machines characterised by numerical values, ranges, mathematical expressions or similar information
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- Permanent Magnet Type Synchronous Machine (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of double dynamical iron-core-free direct current generators of disc type, including axis, first bearing is successively cased on axis, first stator disc, second stator disc and second bearing, the first rotor disk is cased in first bearing, the second rotor disk is cased in second bearing, the first rotor disk and the second rotor disk are clamped with third trochanter disk, the first groove is equipped on the inside of the first rotor disk and the second rotor disk, first permanent magnet is installed in the first groove, sun gear gear ring for transmitting torque is installed on the outside of the first rotor disk, the second groove is equipped on the two sides of third trochanter disk, second groove is annular groove, the second permanent magnet is mounted in second groove, coil is embedded on the first stator disc and the second stator disc, coil is fixed on the first stator disc and the second stator disc by limiting device.The double dynamical iron-core-free direct current generator of disc type of the invention, output torque is big and without magnetic hysteresis resistance, can single-power and it is double dynamical between automatically switched.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the double dynamical iron-core-free direct current generators of disc type, belong to the driving motor field of electric bicycle.
Background technique
Existing electric bicycle mostly uses low speed hub motor, the advantage is that: power of motor is big, motor is generally not necessarily to
Maintenance, transmission efficiency is high, but since this motor is there are magnetic hysteresis resistance, weakens or even lose the function of riding of electric bicycle
Energy.This electric bicycle for having lacked function of riding is to be gone up a slope with energy load-carrying as the specified function of its driving motor of standard configuration
Rate, the far super existing national standards of the rated power of most of motor, electric bicycle has gradually gone on motorized easypro formula
Development course.Motorized electric bicycle, traffic accident take place frequently, it has also become the social concern that one kind need solve.
There are magnetic hysteresis resistances to overcome driving motor is proposed shaft type using all directions motor as the motor manufacturer of representative
High speed hub motor with teeth.The rated power of this motor meets existing national standards, and is combined on its pinion frame
Mono-directional overrun clutch efficiently solves influence of the magnetic hysteresis resistance of motor to riding.The driving of this hub motor with teeth
Motor is substantially exactly the scaled down version of low speed hub motor, and using the dead axle planetary gear train of primary speed-down, reduction ratio is usual
For 1:4.3, motor is poor to the adaptability of wheel footpath, and the revolving speed of its driving motor is usually no more than 1500 revs/min, strictly
Say that being also not really is high-speed motor in meaning.
Both the above mainstream motor, is Nd-Fe-B permanent-magnet D, simple, reliable for operation, small in size with structure,
Light-weight, the advantages that rated efficiency is high, good speed adjustment features, but due to the low speed characteristics of electric bicycle, actually riding
Motor often operates in inefficient section in journey, and the mileages of continuation of electric bicycle is not high, it is difficult to meet masses and continue to raising
The consumption demand of mileage.
China Patent No. 201010247971.8 discloses a kind of ultrathin high-power direct current magnetoelectric motor, proposes a kind of excellent
Choosing is fan-shaped coil using the outer loop-shaped of flat enameled wire coiling, is superimposed to form coil windings, Single-layer Windings around
After making, fixed glue being coated on its surface and is fixed, winding is mounted in the slot of stator frame and by interior pressing ring and external pressure
Circle is fixed.Actual situation is, it is ensured that the outer loop-shaped of coil is sector, and the area of the triangular inner hole of coil needs enough
Greatly, the number of turns of winding is reduced, and the coil of so coiling, stator disc space utilization rate is low, and magnetic field concentration is poor, to reduce magnetic flux
Loss, permanent magnet must have enough radical lengths, therefore the overlapping region very little of interior pressing ring, outer pressing ring and fan-shaped winding, only
Damage of falling apart as clockwork feed is easy under the situations such as vibration, fever in the coil windings that fixed glue is coated on surface.
And using the coil of round conductor coiling, then the round wire for needing the selection lesser yield strength of line footpath low is just able to maintain outer ring shape
For sector, it is also not possible to produce powerful direct current permanent magnet motor.The heavy-duty motor of high current will necessarily generate more
Heat needs reliable heat sink conception, which uses high intensity, high rigidity, heat-resisting, resistance to punching resistance, anti-aging work
The stator frame of engineering plastics precision injection molding, thermal conductivity coefficient generally only have 0.04W/mK, and the coil of flat wire coiling around
Group requires the air gap flux density of stator disc two sides strictly equal, and the rotor disk fixed by two bearings at flat thin stator frame center is very
Hardly possible meets so high requirement, and rotor disk, which slightly biases flat enamel wire coil, to generate heat, and the higher heat production of revolving speed is more
More, a large amount of heat is enclosed in rotor disk, also can not the stator frame made of engineering plastics dissipate, technical solution itself
Just there is significant deficiency.
China Patent No. 201010289645.3 discloses a kind of energy-saving hub motor, uses only one power unit
Disc type iron core-free direct current generator, and using electric vehicle hub as rotor disk, directly by In-wheel motor driving electric vehicle, the invention
It is also combined with the identical disc type iron core-free generator of structure type in wheel hub, is returned for collecting electric energy caused by vehicle braking
It fills to battery, to play energy-efficient effect.Substantially, the inductance of disc type iron core-free direct current generator is smaller, belongs to small-power
The scope of motor, most prominent advantage are high rpm low torques and without magnetic hysteresis resistance, and the efficiency when slow-speed of revolution is very low, and city
The low speed sightseeing electric car of lesser 72V voltage is required power of motor on field, motor rated power also requires have 5000W,
The pitch circle of hub stud holes is limited to the space between the pitch circle in rim bolt hole on electric vehicle hub, in this limited space
The interior powerful disc type iron core-free direct current generator and disc type iron core-free generator of being arranged can not be accomplished, moreover press the invention
Description, the electric vehicle of the energy-saving hub motor can only install the solid tyre that cannot be inflated.
Application number 201310033295.8 discloses a kind of disc type iron core-free permanent magnet DC motor, is the electricity of axis rotation
Machine, the technical solution adopted is that: the axial symmetry conical ring Circular Winding that coil windings are made of multi-section circular arc, conical ring
Tip forms two different internal diameters behind stator axle center, the central axis trisection of axial symmetry conical ring, wherein boring
The internal diameter at shape ring tip is 2/3rds of another internal diameter, and the space utilization rate of this Circular Winding, stator disc is very low, magnetic field collection
Poly- property is worse, " stator armature winding uses iron-free core structure, directly has winding to be molded " referred in scheme, also without realization
Possibility, be that can not clear unordered winding outlet in injection moulding process, product qualification rate can be very low.The invention " annular around
Setting hall magnetic sensor in interval in group ", even more against the scheme of common sense, nine pins of three Hall sensors need
It is concatenated in the inter-air space of very little by conducting wire, technology difficulty is very big, and the Hall among Circular Winding is arranged in
Sensor, metal pin can generate heat rapidly under action of alternating magnetic field, burn Hall sensor.
The patent No. 201310310431.3 discloses a kind of disc type iron core-free permanent-magnet brushless DC electric machine, uses and application
The similar annulus winding of a kind of disc type iron core-free permanent magnet DC motor disclosed in numbers 201310033295.8, far from shaft end
Arc radius be proximate to 1.5-2 times of arc radius of shaft end, the arc radius of two stringcourse parts is the circular arc far from shaft end
The space utilization rate of 3-5 times of radius, stator disc is very low, and magnetic field concentration is worse, and coil windings lack limiting device, difficult
To limit coil in axial displacement；The double dynamical iron-core-free of disc type that the invention motor uses a kind of rotation of outer rotor case is straight
Galvanic electricity machine, goal of the invention is indefinite, and the specific aim that four O-ring seals are arranged is not strong, and motor lacks power output device and consolidates
Determine device, also seemingly had on motor shaft using the totally different bearing of two kinds of specifications it is improper, motor using no position hall position sensor,
Motor will appear shake hysteresis phenomenon when starting.
Summary of the invention
Goal of the invention: in order to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a kind of double dynamical iron-core-free of disc type
Direct current generator, motor output torque is big, and rated power is high, can according to the size of input current single-power and it is double dynamical between carry out
Automatically switch, be the driving motor of electric bicycle hub motor with teeth, is driven certainly after being slowed down by the planetary gear train in wheel hub
Driving, can be matched with electric bicycle controller in the market, compare commercially available electric bicycle, the adaptation to road
Property is stronger, and mileages of continuation is longer.
Technical solution: in order to solve the above technical problems, a kind of double dynamical iron-core-free direct current generator of disc type of the invention, including
Axis is successively cased with first bearing, the first stator disc, the second stator disc and second bearing, the first bearing on the axis
On be cased with the first rotor disk, the second rotor disk is cased in the second bearing, the first rotor disk and the second rotor disk are clamped with
Triple-spool disk is equipped with the first groove on the inside of the first rotor disk and the second rotor disk, and first is equipped in the first groove forever
Magnet is equipped with the sun gear gear ring for transmitting torque on the outside of the first rotor disk, is all provided on the two sides of third trochanter disk
There is the second groove, the second groove is annular groove, the second permanent magnet is mounted in the second groove, in the first stator disc and second
Coil is embedded on stator disc, coil is fixed on the first stator disc and the second stator disc by limiting device, is determined by first
Sub-disk, coil, the first rotor disk, third trochanter disk, the first permanent magnet and the second set of permanent magnets are at the first power unit, by second
Stator disc, coil, the second rotor disk, third trochanter disk, the first permanent magnet and the second set of permanent magnets are at the second power unit, and two
The coil windings of power unit are connect with core of a cable simultaneously.
Preferably, the coil windings of two power units are connect by core of a cable with distributing switch, electric current distribution
Device is connect with controller, and distributing switch controls the conducting and disconnection of another power unit according to the size of current of controller output
State, thus realize single-power and it is double dynamical between automatic switchover.One power unit is in normally open, controller control
Make the conducting and off-state of another power unit, thus realize single-power and it is double dynamical between automatic switchover.
Preferably, the pyriform hole of annular spread is equipped on first stator disc and the second stator disc, in pyriform hole
It is interior to be embedded with coil.
Preferably, the coil is the air core coil of circle copper enameled wire coiling, internal via shape is triangle, after coiling
Outer loop-shaped be pyriform and to match with pyriform hole；The interior angle that the triangular inner hole of the coil is located on the inside of stator disc is less than
60 °, the radical length of triangular inner hole is less than radial diameter, that is, long diameter one third of coil.The coil of pyriform is left and right
Symmetrical structure, the symmetry axis of each coil are directed toward the center of circle of permanent magnet, and the length of coil symmetry axis is long diameter, triangle
Inner hole is isosceles triangle, and the height on inner hole bottom edge is the radical length of triangle, i.e., triangular inner hole is along permanent magnet diameter side
Upward length.
Preferably, the limiting device includes inner ring rib, outer ring flange, interior pressing ring, outer pressing ring, annular circuit board,
First stator disc and the second stator disc are extended with inner ring rib, outer ring flange on one side, fixed in the first stator disc and second
The another side of sub-disk is equipped with outer pressing ring, interior pressing ring or annular circuit board, passes through inner ring rib, outer ring flange, interior pressing ring, external pressure
The axial displacement of circle and annular circuit board limitation coil.Preferably, first stator disc or the second stator disc are in mounting ring
Be sequentially with three third grooves in one disc face of shape circuit board, Hall sensor be installed in groove, Hall sensor with
Annular circuit board connection, annular circuit board are connect with core of a cable.
Preferably, the first rotor disk and the second rotor disk are made of ferrous material, shape be it is flat bowl-shape, the
The bearing chamber of one rotor disk is on the inside of it, by fixing sun gear gear ring on the outside as bearing rib；The axis of second rotor disk
Room position is held to be biased to its outside and be equipped with bearing rib.
Preferably, the first rotor disk and the second rotor disk are compound with aluminium alloy or with engineering plastics by irony annulus
Be made, shape be it is flat bowl-shape, the bearing chamber of the first rotor disk is made on the inside of it by fixing sun gear gear ring on the outside
For bearing rib；It is biased to its outside and is equipped with bearing rib in the bearing chamber position of second rotor disk；The third trochanter disk is irony ring
Shape disk, and it is positioned at the centre of two the first stator discs and the second stator disc.
Preferably, the permanent magnet is fan-shaped Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet material, radical length is the inside and outside of fan-shaped permanent magnet
Semidiameter is 0.5-0.8 times of the i.e. long diameter of radial diameter of coil.
Preferably, first permanent magnet and the second permanent magnet include several permanent magnet units, two neighboring permanent magnetism
There are gap between body unit, the size in gap is adapted to classical insulation.
The utility model has the advantages that the double dynamical iron-core-free direct current generator of disc type of the invention, electric property is superior, high-efficient, speed regulation property
Can be good, due to using double dynamical structure, the torque and rated power of motor are improved, using distributing switch, the present invention can be made
The double dynamical iron-core-free direct current generator of disc type single-power and it is double dynamical between automatically switch, electric bicycle motor under the situation of riding
Always it is operated in high efficient area, so that the mileages of continuation of electric bicycle greatly improved；Since motor uses iron-core-free knot
Structure, no-load current very little and without magnetic hysteresis resistance are installed in wheel hub, can not had to installation freewheel clutch, are conducive to improve
The installation accuracy of planetary gear set；In addition the motor first rotor disk and the second rotor disk of flat bowl structure, makes inside motor
It is enclosed in two rotor disks, after motor of the invention is packed into wheel hub, planetary gear set can be lubricated with lubricating oil.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the overall structure diagram of the double dynamical iron-core-free direct current generator of disc type of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the double dynamical iron-core-free direct current generator input current distribution principle figure of disc type of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the stator disc schematic diagram of the double dynamical iron-core-free direct current generator of disc type of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is coil, Hall sensor and the annular circuit board installation of the double dynamical iron-core-free direct current generator of disc type of the present invention
Schematic diagram.
Fig. 5 is the double dynamical iron-core-free direct current generator exploded view of disc type of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is the double dynamical iron-core-free direct current generator coil of disc type of the present invention and permanent magnet schematic diagram.
Fig. 7 is the double dynamical iron-core-free direct current generator composite material the first rotor disk schematic diagram of disc type of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is double dynamical the second rotor disk of the iron-core-free direct current generator composite material schematic diagram of disc type of the present invention.
Fig. 9 is the double dynamical iron-core-free direct current generator third trochanter disk schematic diagram of disc type of the present invention.
Figure 10 is the external magnetic field analysis chart after the coil of the double dynamical iron-core-free direct current generator of disc type of the present invention is powered.
Figure 11 is that the double dynamical iron-core-free direct current generator of disc type of the present invention adjacent permanent magnet body space under single-power state adjusts
The torque efficiency figure of test.
Figure 12 is the torque efficiency curve graph under disc type of the present invention two kinds of dynamic modes of double dynamical iron-core-free direct current generator.
Specific embodiment
As shown in Figures 1 to 9, the double dynamical iron-core-free direct current generator of a kind of disc type of the invention, including axis 1, on axis 1
It is successively cased with first bearing 8, the first stator disc 2, the second stator disc 3 and second bearing 81, is cased with the first rotor in first bearing 8
Disk 5 is cased with the second rotor disk 6 in second bearing 81, and the first rotor disk 5 and the second rotor disk 6 are clamped with third trochanter disk 7,
The inside of the first rotor disk 5 and the second rotor disk 6 is equipped with the first groove, and the first groove is annular groove, peace in the first groove
Equipped with the first permanent magnet, the sun gear gear ring 13 for transmitting torque is installed on the outside of the first rotor disk 5, in third trochanter disk
The second groove 24 is equipped on 7 two sides, the second groove 24 is annular groove, it is mounted on the second permanent magnet 9 in the second groove,
First permanent magnet and 9 structure of the second permanent magnet are identical, are fan-shaped permanent magnet, are all provided on the first stator disc 2 and the second stator disc 3
There are six pyriform holes 18 of annular spread, coil 4 is embedded in pyriform hole 18, coil 4 is the hollow of circle copper enameled wire coiling
Coil, internal via shape are triangle, and outer loop-shaped is to be consolidated with the matched shape in pyriform hole 18, coil 4 by limiting device
It is scheduled on the first stator disc 2 and the second stator disc 3, by the first stator disc 2, coil 4, the first rotor disk 5, third trochanter disk 7,
One permanent magnet and the second permanent magnet 9 form the first power unit, are turned by the second stator disc 3, coil 4, the second rotor disk 6, third
Sub-disk 7, the first permanent magnet and the second permanent magnet 9 form the second power unit, the coil being made of the coil 4 of two power units
Winding outlet is connect with core of a cable 12, core of a cable 12 with can be connect with distributing switch, distributing switch and controller
Connection, one of power unit are in normal closure state, and distributing switch is another according to the size of current control of controller output
The conducting and off-state of one power unit, thus realize single-power and it is double dynamical between automatic switchover.Disc type of the present invention
Double dynamical iron-core-free direct current generator passes through 13 output torque of sun gear gear ring that is fixed on the first rotor disk 5.
In the present invention, limiting device includes inner ring rib 14, outer ring flange 15, interior pressing ring 16, outer pressing ring 17 and annular
Circuit board 11, the first stator disc 2 and the second stator disc 3 are extended with inner ring rib 14, outer ring flange 15 on one side, in the first stator
The another side of disk 2 and the second stator disc 3 is equipped with outer pressing ring 17, interior pressing ring 16 or annular circuit board 11, by inner ring rib 14,
Outer ring flange 15, interior pressing ring 16, outer pressing ring 17 and annular circuit board 11 limit the axial displacement of coil 4.First stator disc 2,
Two stator discs 3, inner ring rib 14, outer ring flange 15, interior pressing ring 16 and outer pressing ring 17 are insulating materials compression molding.First is fixed
Sub-disk 2 and the second stator disc 3 are positioned by the convex gear on axis 1 as backer, are fixedly attached on axis 1 by key pin.Inner ring
The overall diameter of rib 14 is less than the interior diameter of the first permanent magnet and the second permanent magnet 9, and the interior diameter of outer ring flange 15 is greater than first
The overall diameter of permanent magnet and the second permanent magnet 9；First stator disc 2 or the second stator disc 3 are in the circle for installing annular circuit board 11
It sequentially lays there are three third groove 19, is arranged between adjacent pyriform hole 18 positioned at the first stator disc 2 or the second stator in disk
The center of circle side of disk 3, installs Hall sensor 10 in third groove 19, the pin of Hall sensor 10 and is fixed on the first stator
Annular circuit board 11 on disk 2 or the second stator disc 3 welds, and annular circuit board 11 is connect with core of a cable 12.
In the present invention, the first rotor disk 5 and the second rotor disk 6 are made of ferrous material, shape be it is flat bowl-shape, the
The bearing chamber 20 of one rotor disk 5 is on the inside of it, by fixing sun gear gear ring 13 on the outside as bearing rib；Second rotor disk
It is biased to its outside and is equipped with bearing rib 22 in 6 21 position of bearing chamber.The first rotor disk 5 and the second rotor disk 6 can also be by ironys
Annulus 23 is combined with aluminium alloy or with engineering plastics, shape be it is flat bowl-shape, the bearing chamber 20 of the first rotor disk 5 is at it
Inside, by fixing sun gear gear ring 13 on the outside as bearing rib；It is biased to outside it 21 position of bearing chamber of second rotor disk 6
Side is simultaneously equipped with bearing rib 22.
In the present invention, third trochanter disk 7 is irony annular disk, is installed in two the first rotor disks 5 and the second rotor disk 6
Between, and it is positioned at the centre of two the first rotor disks 5 and the second rotor disk 6；Two anchor rings of third trochanter disk 7 are equipped with
Three grooves 19, third groove 19 are annular groove, and the second permanent magnet 9 is mutually attracted two anchor rings for being mounted on third trochanter disk 7
In annular groove.
As shown in Figure 5, Figure 6, the first permanent magnet and the second permanent magnet 9 are fan-shaped Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet material, radical length
The inside and outside semidiameter of i.e. fan-shaped permanent magnet is 0.5-0.8 times of the i.e. long diameter of radial diameter of coil 4；It is mounted on the first rotor disk
5, there are gaps each other for the adjacent two panels permanent magnet unit on the second rotor disk 6 and on third trochanter disk 7, and gap size is by electricity
The classical insulation of machine determines；In the present embodiment, the quantity of permanent magnet unit corresponding with the winding of 6 coils 4 composition
It is 8, the quantity for being pull-in on the second permanent magnet 9 on 7 liang of anchor rings of third trochanter disk is respectively 8.
It is analyzed and is tested based on energization air core coil external magnetic field, coil 4 of the invention is most economical effective with permanent magnet
Combination.Such as Figure 10, pass through the finite element analysis and experimental verification to single energization air core coil external magnetic field, energization tubular wire
Circle center position, magnetic induction intensity is as the increase of coil radius first increases and then is gradually reduced again, in hollow adjacent edges
There is a peak value, hollow area is smaller, and magnetic field, which is gathered, to be more obvious；The magnetic induction intensity on energization air core coil surface occurs online
The near axis of circle, remoter apart from hub of a spool, especially in the outer edge of coil, decaying is quickly；Air gap portion coil surface
Magnetic field strength is maximum, and with the increase of offline circle surface distance, magnetic field strength decays rapidly, numerical value very little；By empty to being powered
The analysis of wire-core coil magnetic induction intensity rule is verified, and has shown that the Technology Ways of the double dynamical iron-core-free direct current generator of disc type are: suitable
When the face of the radical length (the inside and outside semidiameter of sector electromagnet) of the fan-shaped permanent magnet of reduction, reduction 4 hollow parts of coil as far as possible
Product.
The radical length for reducing fan-shaped permanent magnet, can generate part flux loss, and following table is that the radical length of permanent magnet becomes
(air core coil radial diameter is D=to Experimental comparison's data that change influences the double dynamical iron-core-free direct current generator cost of disc type, efficiency
32mm, the high 10.0mm of coil, copper enameled wire line footpath 0.6mm, electrical current 3.5A, hollow radical length 9.6mm, fan-shaped permanent magnet
Inside and outside diameter average value 68mm).It can be seen that the reduction of the radical length with permanent magnet, coil 4 from the correlation data of table 1
Flux loss increases with it and is in the trend for accelerating to increase, and motor maximal efficiency also accordingly reduces, and the degree that efficiency reduces is less than
The range of decrease of flux loss degree, permanent magnet material cost becomes apparent.By Value Engineering, appropriateness reduces fan-shaped permanent magnet
Radical length, the efficiency and torque of motor can decrease, but can more reduce the consumption of rare earth permanent magnet, the economy of motor
More preferably, competitiveness is stronger.
Table 1
Permanent magnet radical length (the inside and outside semidiameter of fan-shaped permanent magnet) is less than the technical solution of the radial diameter of coil 4,
Limiting device is set for fixed coil 4 and provides necessary space, the proportionate relationship of the two determines that limitation coil 4 is axial
The effect of displacement, such as taking permanent magnet radical length is 0.9D, and limiting device laminates width less than 0.05D, fixed effect with coil 4
Fruit is poor；And permanent magnet radical length is taken to be less than 0.5D, then flux loss is larger, and Motor torque and efficiency also can correspondingly drop
It is low；Experiment shows the proportionate relationship of the radial diameter of the radical length for correctly handling permanent magnet well and coil 4, can make motor
Advance, reliability, economy are preferably balanced.
Embodiment one
Iron-core-free direct current generator with the first power unit, the winding on each stator disc are made of 6 coils 4, line
Circle 4 radial diameter be D=32mm, high 10.0mm, copper enameled wire line footpath 0.67mm, the hollow radical length 9.6mm of triangle, often
The inside and outside diameter average value 68mm, axial height 6mm, radical length 20mm of 8 permanent magnet Unit 9 on a rotor disk, wheel hub
Reduction ratio is used to slow down for the planetary gear speed reducing mechanism of 1:8.74, the central angle of fan-shaped permanent magnet 9 takes 45 °, 41 °, 38 ° of progress respectively
Contrast test；In the torque efficiency curve graph shown in Figure 11, the peak efficiency of three kinds of motors is respectively 83.8%,
83.1%, 80.6%, after reserving gap between two adjacent permanent magnets Unit 9, electric efficiency is influenced it is unobvious, in high torque
The influence of section is smaller, and this result also matches with the analysis of energization air core coil external magnetic field and experimental result；Between permanent magnet 9
Gap variation be affected to the speed of motor, the no-load speed of three kinds of motors is respectively 281 revs/min, 330 revs/min,
361 revs/min, it is possible thereby to targetedly adjust the gap between adjacent permanent magnet 9, improve the electric property of motor with suitable
Answer the variation of hub motor deceleration mechanism reduction ratio and rim of electric bicycle size.
Relative to cored motor, the inductance of the coil windings of disc type iron core-free motor is smaller, and lesser inductance makes
The electric property of motor shows as high rpm low torque, its inductance can be improved in the length of the number of turns and conducting wire for increasing coil windings
Amount can take the diameter for increasing coil 4 or reduce two kinds of Technology Ways of line footpath of conducting wire；The line footpath for reducing conducting wire can make winding electric
Resistance, which rises, simultaneously reduces power of motor, and increases the number of turns of coil windings and the length of conducting wire will increase the cost and body of motor
Product, therefore it is required that increasing the number of turns and length of the conducting wire of setting line footpath as much as possible in the limited space of stator disc 2, preferably
Method for winding is: using the triangle stick after chamfered as plug coiling conducting wire is laminated, thus the coil of coiling in winding clamp
4, internal via shape is triangle, and outer loop-shaped is by the shape size of triangle plug, the line footpath of conducting wire, the yield strength of conducting wire
And the combined influences such as winding tension resemble a pear in shape.
Based on the analysis of air core coil external magnetic field and experimental result, the area of coil hollow parts should be reduced as far as possible, and
Hollow area is smaller, and the outer loop-shaped of coil can not make full use of the space of stator disc 2 closer to circle.The inner hole of coil 4
It should be determined according to the line footpath of conducting wire, the yield strength of conducting wire, the size of 2 diameter of stator disc, the number of coils of winding with outer loop-shaped
Fixed, through coiling repeatedly and test, the triangular inner hole of coil 4 is located at the interior angle on the inside of stator disc less than 60 °, triangular inner hole
Radical length is less than the design scheme of radial diameter, that is, long diameter one third of coil, can better meet stator disc 2
The requirement that space utilization and magnetic field are gathered to 4 center of coil.
In the present invention, the first power unit and the second power unit be two can independent operation can also synchronizedly run
Power unit.Realizing the technical solution of double dynamical cell operation is；Taking wire stylet number is the core of a cable 12 of 11 cores, wherein 5
Root is the conducting wire that Hall sensor 11 works, and 6 are two groups of power leads being connected on distributing switch, wherein the first power
Unit motor is in normal closure state, and the second power unit motor is in an off state, when electric current reaches setting value, electric current distribution
Device is started to work, turn on automatically the second power unit motor, and after electric current is less than setting value, distributing switch stops working, and second
Power unit motor is again at off-state.Fig. 2 shows the originals that electric machine controller output electric current is shunted through distributing switch
Reason figure, when electric bicycle starting or climbing etc. need high power work, distributing switch is started to work, and electric current supplies two power lists
Member operates simultaneously, and flat road is normally ridden when only low current being needed to work, and distributing switch stops working, and is only in normally closed conjunction
First power unit of state works, and the second power unit rotates synchronously.
Embodiment two
The double dynamical iron-core-free direct current generator of disc type, the winding on each stator disc are made of 6 coils 4, the radial direction of coil 4
Diameter is D=32mm, high 10.0mm, copper enameled wire line footpath 0.60mm, the hollow radical length 9.6mm of triangle, each rotor disk
On 8 permanent magnet Unit 9 inside and outside diameter average value 68mm, axial height 6mm, radical length 20mm, fan-shaped permanent magnet
Central angle distinguishes 41 °, and wheel hub uses reduction ratio to slow down for the planetary gear speed reducing mechanism of 1:8.74, compares test；Figure 12 is shown
The the first power unit work in the present embodiment of disc type of the present invention double dynamical iron-core-free direct current generator and the first second unit are same
When torque efficiency curve graph when working, from torque efficiency curve, when single-power unit drive hub, when torque is smaller
High efficiency can be reached, when the first, second power unit works at the same time drive hub, efficiency is protected in very wide in range torque section
It holds 80% or more.In addition from Figure 12 it is also found that efficiency of two power units of small torque phase when working at the same time simultaneously
Efficiency when not working independently than the first power unit reduces too much, therefore from the point of view of saving cost, the present invention
It can be not provided with distributing switch, it is the normal cable of 8 cores, two power under all operating conditions that core of a cable 12, which takes wire stylet number,
Unit is synchronized and is worked.
The double dynamical iron-core-free direct current generator of disc type of the present invention, the advantage protruded have: 1) the first stator disc 2 and the second stator
Disk 3, inner ring rib 14, outer ring flange 15 can pass through molding by the polymer engineering plastics of high intensity, high-fire resistance, good insulating
One-pass molding is able to achieve low-cost high-efficiency production；2) use internal via shape for the air core coil 4 of triangle, after 4 coiling of coil
Outer loop-shaped is pyriform, and space utilization rate of 4 winding of coil on the first stator disc 2 and the second stator disc 3 is than circular inner hole
Air core coil 4 improves 20%, while also improving the inductance of winding；3) the interior pressing ring 16 of fixed coil 4, outer pressing ring 17,
Equally compression molding, interior pressing ring 16, outer pressing ring can be passed through by the insulating material of polymer of high intensity, high-fire resistance, good insulating
17, annular circuit board 11 and the first stator disc 2 and inner ring rib 14, outer ring flange 15 on the second stator disc 3, limit coil
4 axial displacement；4) the fan-shaped permanent magnet of Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet material, radical length are that the inside and outside semidiameter of fan-shaped permanent magnet is
0.5-0.8 times of the radial diameter of coil 4, that is, long diameter, and also there are gaps between adjacent two panels permanent magnet, not only reduce
The dosage of permanent-magnet material also improves the high speed performance of motor, and according to test and verifying of actually riding, the electric property of motor is simultaneously
Do not reduced because of the reduction of permanent magnet material；5) the first rotor disk 5 and the second rotor disk 6 with clamp third therebetween
Rotor disk 7 is closely interlocked under the action of magnetic field of permanent magnet, need not take again other security measures after installation, therefore
The radial dimension of the double dynamical iron-core-free direct current generator of disc type of the present invention can be done more in limited wheel hub space, and
Since the first rotor disk 5 and the second rotor disk 6 are by two symmetrical bearing holder (housing, cover)s on axis 1, with commercially available deceleration electricity
Machine is compared using unilateral bearing, and the circular runout of motor is smaller.
The double dynamical iron-core-free direct current generator of disc type of the present invention improves the torque of motor and specified using double dynamical structure
Power, using distributing switch by input current size single-power and it is double dynamical between automatically switch, powershift moment
Pause and transition in rhythm or melody sense very little, entire ride motor is operated in high efficient area always, so that continuing for electric bicycle greatly improved
Mileage；Use the double dynamical iron-core-free direct current generator of disc type of the present invention for the hub motor of driving motor, electric property is superior, removes
Outside the advantages that conventional motors structure is simple, reliable for operation, small in size, light-weight, high-efficient, good speed adjustment features, due also to adopt
With iron-free cored structure, motor weight saving, overload capacity is strong, and no-load current is small, in the case where a power unit operates,
Another power unit will not generate magnetic hysteresis resistance when rotating synchronously, and will not reduce delivery efficiency；It is installed in wheel hub, it can not
With installation freewheel clutch, be conducive to the installation accuracy for improving planetary gear train；In addition the first rotor disk 5 of flat bowl structure
Motor of the invention is packed into so that being enclosed in inside motor in the first rotor disk 5 and the second rotor disk 6 with the second rotor disk 6
After wheel hub, planetary gear train can also be lubricated using lubricating oil.
The double dynamical iron-core-free direct current generator of disc type of the present invention is used for electric bicycle, and no-load current only has 0.3A, and advantage is non-
Chang Mingxian, under the situation that identical condition of riding, identical power consumption, pure electric power travel, mileages of continuation is than current city
The mileages of continuation of the electric vehicle of the hub motor with teeth generallyd use on field improves 35% or more, than using low speed hub motor
The mileages of continuation of electric vehicle improve 45% or more.In addition present inventor is to using the double dynamical nothing of disc type of the invention
The electric bicycle model machine of iron core direct current generator is verified, and can be carried out by the requirement of batch production, individual important aspects
Mold Making has also carried out effective trial, and electric bicycle sample car ridden more than 1,000 kilometers by fault-free.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it should be pointed out that: for the ordinary skill people of the art
For member, various improvements and modifications may be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, these improvements and modifications are also answered
It is considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of double dynamical iron-core-free direct current generator of disc type, it is characterised in that: using the drive of electric bicycle hub motor with teeth
Motor, including axis are moved, is successively cased with first bearing, the first stator disc, the second stator disc and second bearing, institute on the axis
It states and is cased with the first rotor disk in first bearing, the second rotor disk, the first rotor disk and the second rotor are cased in the second bearing
Disk folder is equipped with third trochanter disk, and the first groove, peace in the first groove are equipped on the inside of the first rotor disk and the second rotor disk
Equipped with the first permanent magnet, the sun gear gear ring for transmitting torque is installed on the outside of the first rotor disk, in third trochanter disk
It is equipped with the second groove on two sides, the second permanent magnet is mounted in the second groove, on the first stator disc and the second stator disc
It is embedded with coil, coil is fixed on the first stator disc and the second stator disc by limiting device, by the first stator disc, line
Circle, the first rotor disk, third trochanter disk, the first permanent magnet and the second set of permanent magnets at the first power unit, by the second stator disc,
Coil, the second rotor disk, third trochanter disk, the first permanent magnet and the second set of permanent magnets are at the second power unit, two power lists
The coil of member is connect with core of a cable simultaneously；The double dynamical iron-core-free direct current generator of disc type further includes an annular circuit board and three
A Hall sensor, annular circuit board are mounted on the one side of the first stator disc or the second stator disc, first stator disc or
Two stator discs are sequentially with three third grooves in the one side of installation annular circuit board, are equipped with Hall sensor in groove,
Hall sensor is connect with annular circuit board, and annular circuit board is connect with core of a cable；The limiting device include inner ring rib,
Outer ring flange, interior pressing ring, outer pressing ring and annular circuit board, first stator disc and the second stator disc are extended with inner ring on one side
Rib, outer ring flange are equipped with outer pressing ring, annular circuit board in the another side of the first stator disc and the second stator disc, by interior
Enclose the axial displacement of rib, outer ring flange, interior pressing ring, outer pressing ring and annular circuit board limitation coil.
2. the double dynamical iron-core-free direct current generator of disc type according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the line of two power units
Circle is connect by core of a cable with distributing switch, and distributing switch is connect with controller, and distributing switch is defeated according to controller
The conducting and off-state of a size of current control wherein power unit out, thus realize single-power and it is double dynamical between
Automatically switch.
3. the double dynamical iron-core-free direct current generator of disc type according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that: first stator
It is equipped with the pyriform hole of annular spread on disk and the second stator disc, coil is embedded in pyriform hole.
4. the double dynamical iron-core-free direct current generator of disc type according to claim 3, it is characterised in that: the coil is circle copper paint
The air core coil of envelope curve coiling, internal via shape are triangle, and the outer loop-shaped after coiling is pyriform and matches with pyriform hole；
The triangular inner hole of the coil is located at the interior angle on the inside of stator disc less than 60 °, and the radical length of triangular inner hole is less than coil
Radial diameter, that is, long diameter one third.
5. the double dynamical iron-core-free direct current generator of disc type according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that: the first rotor
Disk and the second rotor disk are made of ferrous material, shape be it is flat bowl-shape, the bearing chamber of the first rotor disk is on the inside of it, by solid
Fixed sun gear gear ring on the outside is as bearing rib；It is biased to its outside and is equipped with bearing in the bearing chamber position of second rotor disk
Gear.
6. the double dynamical iron-core-free direct current generator of disc type according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that: the first rotor
Disk and the second rotor disk are combined by irony annulus with aluminium alloy or with engineering plastics, shape be it is flat bowl-shape, first turn
The bearing chamber of sub-disk is on the inside of it, by fixing sun gear gear ring on the outside as bearing rib；The bearing chamber of second rotor disk
It is biased to its outside and is equipped with bearing rib in position；The third trochanter disk is irony annular disk, and is positioned at two the first stator discs
With the centre of the second stator disc.
7. the double dynamical iron-core-free direct current generator of disc type according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that: the permanent magnet is
Fan-shaped Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet material, radical length are that the inside and outside semidiameter of fan-shaped permanent magnet is the i.e. long diameter of radial diameter of coil
0.5-0.8 times.
8. the double dynamical iron-core-free direct current generator of disc type according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that: first permanent magnetism
Body and the second permanent magnet include several permanent magnet units, there are gap between two adjacent permanent magnets unit, gap it is big
It is small to be adapted to classical insulation.
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| CN201610756719.7A CN106130294B (en) | 2016-08-29 | 2016-08-29 | A kind of double dynamical iron-core-free direct current generator of disc type |
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| CN201610756719.7A CN106130294B (en) | 2016-08-29 | 2016-08-29 | A kind of double dynamical iron-core-free direct current generator of disc type |
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| CN106130294B true CN106130294B (en) | 2019-01-11 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN106787437A (en) * | 2017-01-17 | 2017-05-31 | 侯神保 | A kind of electric generator for electric vehicle |
| CN109474148A (en) * | 2018-11-19 | 2019-03-15 | 眭华兴 | A kind of Segway Human Transporter hub motor |
| WO2021003589A1 (en) * | 2019-07-05 | 2021-01-14 | 余仁伟 | Single-strand multi-core coil flat stator of disc motor |
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| CN1297603A (en) * | 1999-03-31 | 2001-05-30 | 松下电器产业株式会社 | Brushless motor |
| CN101951106A (en) * | 2010-08-06 | 2011-01-19 | 深圳创维－Rgb电子有限公司 | Ultrathin high-power direct current magnetoelectric motor |
| CN102005877A (en) * | 2010-09-21 | 2011-04-06 | 深圳创维－Rgb电子有限公司 | Energy-saving hub motor |
| CN206041762U (en) * | 2016-08-29 | 2017-03-22 | 眭华兴 | Double dynamical no iron core direct current motor of disk |
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| CN1297603A (en) * | 1999-03-31 | 2001-05-30 | 松下电器产业株式会社 | Brushless motor |
| CN101951106A (en) * | 2010-08-06 | 2011-01-19 | 深圳创维－Rgb电子有限公司 | Ultrathin high-power direct current magnetoelectric motor |
| CN102005877A (en) * | 2010-09-21 | 2011-04-06 | 深圳创维－Rgb电子有限公司 | Energy-saving hub motor |
| CN206041762U (en) * | 2016-08-29 | 2017-03-22 | 眭华兴 | Double dynamical no iron core direct current motor of disk |
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