CN2453345Y - 利用涡旋机械的绿色天然工质制冷空调器 - Google Patents
利用涡旋机械的绿色天然工质制冷空调器 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本实用新型公开了一种利用涡旋机械的绿色天然工质制冷空调器。它是压缩机出口进热交换器与涡旋式膨胀机入口相接,涡旋式膨胀机出口经热交换器与压缩机入口相接,电机与压缩机和涡旋式膨胀机同轴相接,空调器采用的工质为多元非共沸物。本实用新型具有安全、价格低廉且对环境的破坏性指标ODP和GWP为零或极低;设备紧凑、成本降低;涡旋式机械由于结构简单、运行平稳、噪音低、效率高、转速低适用于中小型空调器;能效比高。其COP可达到4.3。
Description
本实用新型涉及利用涡旋机械的绿色天然工质制冷空调器。
众所周知,采用膨胀机取代节流元件在理论上讲是无可非议的。但在实际过程中由于小型膨胀机的等熵效率较低(一般在0.7左右)。此外在液相区因其比容变化小,可以回收的膨胀功甚小,因此尽管两相透平膨胀机已经取得成功,并获得推广应用,但是如果按照空调器的使用条件分析,采用透平膨胀机的组合,由于处理气量小,噪音大,难以为中小型空调器所接收。
在工程热力学中虽早就对利用膨胀机与压缩机组成的空气制冷循环(即逆向Brayton循环)作了专门的介绍。但由于气体工质热容小、设备庞大、投资昂贵、制冷效率低、噪音大,因此这一制冷循环除了作为飞机座舱空调系统使用外,目前中小型制冷空调系统仍大多采用R22为主要制冷工质蒸汽压缩式节流循环。但是根据联合国制定的《关于消耗臭氧层物质(ODS)的蒙特利尔议定书》规定对34种HCFC3物质,包括R22、R123、R142等对工业国2020年全部停用,对发展中国家2030年停用,因此国际制冷界的研究焦点之一是R22的替代。尽管目前出现了几种有希望的替代物,但尚均处理理论和实验测试阶段。从理论上讲,碳氢化合物是氟里昂工质的一种理想替代物,它们对环境的破坏性指标ODP(臭氧层消耗指标)和GWP(温室效应指数)为零或极低,但是碳氢化合物易燃易爆的特性则是影响其在普通建筑环境用空调器中应用的主要障碍,特别是在中型空调器充注制冷剂较多量情况下,很难得到安全部门的许可。因此本实用新型就是基于此出发点,利用自然界中天然存在且ODP和GWP基本为零的碳氢化合物(如丙烷、丁烷等)和阻燃气体(如氮气、二氧化碳等)配组成具有安全、不燃、无毒、无公害的绿色天然制冷工质,并通过涡旋式膨胀机与压缩机来实现具有高制冷系数的流程。
本实用新型的目的是提供一种设备紧凑、成本低、效率高的利用涡旋机械的绿色天然工质制冷空调器。
为了达到上述目的,本实用新型采取下列措施:
利用涡旋机械的绿色天然工质制冷空调器是涡旋式压缩机出口进热交换器与涡旋式膨胀机入口相接,涡旋式膨胀机出口经热交换器与涡旋式压缩机入口相接,电机与涡旋式压缩机和涡旋式膨胀机同轴相接,空调器采用的工质为多元非共沸物。
本实用新型的优点是:
1)利用自然界中天然存在氮气、二氧化碳等作为阻燃气体与烷烃类碳氢化合物组配而成,因此,具有安全、价格低廉且对环境的破坏性指标ODP和GWP为零或极低;
2)换热器和膨胀机的工作工况为多元非共沸物两相工况,因而单位质量制冷(热)量大,有利于设备紧凑、成本降低;
3)涡旋式机械由于结构简单、运行平稳、噪音低、效率高、转速低(750~13000rpm)等优点,完全适用于中小型空调器;
4)膨胀功直接为压缩机所利用,所以,能效比高。根据分析计算表明:在膨胀机的等熵效率为70%,压缩机的等熵效率为90%,压缩机的吸气温度为10℃,膨胀机的进气温度为30℃时,其COP可达到4.3(一般制冷空调器的COP约为3左右)。本实用新型也可象蒸汽压缩式空调器一样制成热泵型空调器,在冬天提供热量。
下面结合附图对本实用新型作进一步说明。
附图是本实用新型的结构示意图。
利用涡旋机械的绿色天然工质制冷空调器是涡旋式压缩机1出口进热交换器2与涡旋式膨胀机3入口相接,涡旋式膨胀机3出口经热交换器4与涡旋式压缩机1入口相接,电机5与涡旋式压缩机1和涡旋式膨胀机3同轴相接,空调器采用的工质为多元非共沸物。
本实用新型实质上是一种两相多元非共沸物膨胀制冷装置,利用低沸点的阻燃气体与高沸点的C3H8、C4H10和C5H12等碳氢化合物构成多元非共沸物,换热器和膨胀机均处于两相工况。当阻燃气体含量过高时,虽然安全性更好,但单位质量制冷(热)量过小,因而在相同制冷(热)量下,使设备庞大、投资增加,制冷效率低下,因此阻燃气体(N2,CO2)一般控制在30~60%为宜。
本实用新型的原理是:工质气体1a进入涡旋式压缩机1压缩后,进入换热器2冷却,其中部分低沸点工质冷凝,以两相多元非共沸物形式由3a进入涡旋式膨胀机3,完成准等熵膨胀后,低温两相流体的冷量在换热器4中释放,汽化、复温后重新进入压缩机1。换热器2释放的热量和换热器4释放的冷量由泵或风机输出,用于空气调节。压缩机1和膨胀机3背向设置,与电动机5置于同一轴线上,膨胀机输出的膨胀功直接为压缩机1所利用,不足部分的功率由电动机5补充。
Claims (2)
1.一种利用涡旋机械的绿色天然工质制冷空调器,其特征在于:压缩机[1]出口进热交换器[2]与涡旋式膨胀机[3]入口相接,涡旋式膨胀机[3]出口经热交换器[4]与压缩机[1]入口相接,电机[5]与压缩机[1]和涡旋式膨胀机[3]同轴相接,空调器采用的工质为多元非共沸物。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种利用涡旋机械的绿色天然工质制冷空调器,其特征在于:所说的多元非共沸物为氮气、二氧化碳阻燃气体与高沸点的C3H8、C4H10和C5H12碳氢化合物;氮气、二氧化碳阻燃气体一般控制在30~60%。
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Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN1307394C (zh) * | 2005-05-23 | 2007-03-28 | 西安交通大学 | 一种压缩-膨胀机的制备方法 |
CN100445667C (zh) * | 2004-07-07 | 2008-12-24 | 大金工业株式会社 | 制冷装置 |
CN100547245C (zh) * | 2003-06-20 | 2009-10-07 | 爱默生气候技术公司 | 多个压缩机 |
CN101427083B (zh) * | 2006-04-20 | 2010-06-16 | 大金工业株式会社 | 冷冻装置 |
CN102927714A (zh) * | 2012-11-20 | 2013-02-13 | 中国石油大学(华东) | 涡旋式制冷机制冷循环装置 |
-
2000
- 2000-12-05 CN CN00264225U patent/CN2453345Y/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN100547245C (zh) * | 2003-06-20 | 2009-10-07 | 爱默生气候技术公司 | 多个压缩机 |
CN100445667C (zh) * | 2004-07-07 | 2008-12-24 | 大金工业株式会社 | 制冷装置 |
CN1307394C (zh) * | 2005-05-23 | 2007-03-28 | 西安交通大学 | 一种压缩-膨胀机的制备方法 |
CN101427083B (zh) * | 2006-04-20 | 2010-06-16 | 大金工业株式会社 | 冷冻装置 |
CN102927714A (zh) * | 2012-11-20 | 2013-02-13 | 中国石油大学(华东) | 涡旋式制冷机制冷循环装置 |
CN102927714B (zh) * | 2012-11-20 | 2015-07-01 | 中国石油大学(华东) | 涡旋式制冷机制冷循环装置 |
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