CN2397447Y - Solar energy device employing automatic tracking sun means - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to a solar energy device which tracks the sun automatically. The utility model comprises a solar energy collector 1. The utility model is characterized in that the utility model also comprises a base 2 arranged in latitude, an automatic tracking platform 3, a mechanical timepiece 4, and a main shaft 5 and a subordinate shaft 6 which pass through the automatic tracking platform, wherein south and north inclination angles of the base 2 arranged in latitude are equal to the local geographic latitude; the automatic tracking platform 3 is provided with two rotary shafts which are mutually vertical; the main shaft 5 is mechanically connected with the base 2 arranged in latitude, the subordinate shaft 6 is mechanically connected with the solar energy collector 1, and the main shaft 5 drives the automatic tracking platform 3 and the solar energy collector 1 to do uniform speed rotation synchronized with the sun rotary speed along east-west directions under the drive and control of the mechanical timepiece 4.

Description

Solar energy equipment from the motion tracking sun

The utility model relates to the solar energy equipment of a kind of mechanical type from the motion tracking sun.

The utilization of solar energy is of long duration.Solar cell, solar energy hot water tank, solar cooker all are successful application items.In existing solar facilities, mostly lack automatic following function to the sun, so that along with the variation of sun every day, per season position, the angle that sunshine projects the solar facilities sensitive surface changes, the efficient of solar energy utilization is greatly affected.

For addressing this problem, scientists study many automatic tracking systems based on electronic technology and closed-loop control.But the cost of these systems is very high, is mainly used in some high-tech sectors (as the solar panel of artificial satellite), and is difficult to use in a large amount of civil equipment.

Goal of the invention of the present utility model is for overcoming above-mentioned technological deficiency, develops the solar energy equipment of a kind of mechanical type simple and practical, with low cost from the motion tracking sun, can improve the utilization ratio of solar energy simple and convenient and significantly.

Design principle of the present utility model is: in view of the earth is a 3 D stereo motion model around solar motion (perhaps saying sun's motion intuitively), therefore, realize the tracking to the sun, must solve the problem of three aspects:;

1. the setting of different latitude area sun North and South direction height;

2. areal, the corresponding adjustment of Various Seasonal sun North and South direction height change;

3. the sun rises every day eastwardly, the east-west direction that falls to the west from motion tracking.

For first problem, each local latitude is constant fortunately.Only need be when solar energy equipment be installed, the latitude of locality as the initial value setting at inclination angle, north and south just.

For second problem, it is to have 23.5 angles of spending to cause by the earth between the equator of the track (ecliptic) of sun rotation and the earth, when causing the annual Spring Equinox (about March 20) and the Autumnal Equinox (about September 23), sunray direct projection equator, it is at the latitude that just in time equals the locality on the North and South direction with the angle (being the inclination angle of the sun on North and South direction) of various places ground level normal; And when the Summer Solstice (about June 21), the sunray direct projection tropic of cancer (north latitude 23.5 degree); When Winter Solstice (about December 22), sunray is the direct projection tropic of Capricorn (south latitude 23.5 degree) again.Its angle (being that the sun is at the inclination angle on the North and South direction) between the ground level normal of on the North and South direction and various places also will subtract (or adding) 23.5 degree (for the Northern Hemisphere, the Southern Hemisphere is then opposite) on local latitude.For every day, this variation very little (three months 23.5 degree, average every month less than 8 degree, weekly 2 degree only).So artificial weekly or first quarter moon solar energy equipment is done the fine setting at inclination angle, a north and south, promptly be enough to compensate altitude of the sun with changes of seasons.

For the 3rd problem, the utility model is to adopt one to solve with the synchronous mechanical watch of earth rotation.Under the control of mechanical watch, solar energy equipment is around the rotating shaft parallel with earth's axis, with earth rotation synchronously, reverse rotation, thereby reach purpose from the motion tracking sun.

Certainly, the precision of mechanical watch is limited, and the systematic error of accumulating over a long period may be very big.Fortunately for solar energy equipment, be idle evening.Can solar energy equipment be resetted in the next morning, play again the effect of calibration, avoid the accumulation of systematic error.

For solar panel, only need be provided with, finely tune, follow the tracks of it according to top three aspects, just can make the plate face and the sunshine maintenance vertical relation of solar panel, make the efficient of solar panel remain on high state.

For focusing-type solar energy device (as solar energy stove), make parabolic mirror setting, fine setting, tracking, make under the prerequisite of the normal of parabolic mirror and sunshine keeping parallelism, also will guarantee in whole process, it is stable that the locus of the focus of parabolic mirror keeps.So just can make sunshine focus on the bottom of thermoreceptor (pot, boiler, kettle) all the time, thereby obtain stable, the highest thermal efficiency.

Basic technical scheme of the present utility model comprises solar collecting device 1, and latitude is provided with pedestal 2, automatic tracking platform 3, mechanical watch 4, and the main shaft 5 and the countershaft 6 that pass through automatic tracking platform; Wherein, latitude inclination angle, north and south that pedestal 2 is set equates with local geographic latitude; Automatically tracking platform 3 has mutually perpendicular two rotating shafts; With latitude be provided with pedestal 2 mechanical connections main shaft 5 and with the countershaft 6 of solar collecting device 1 mechanical connection, main shaft 5 under the drive of mechanical watch 4 and control, drive automatic tracking platform 3 and solar collecting device 1 do between east and west to and with the uniform rotation of sun synchronization.

Specifically describe the utility model by the following examples.

Figure 1 shows that a kind of embodiment of the present utility model.

Among the figure, the 1st, solar collecting device, the 2nd, latitude is provided with pedestal, and its inclination angle, north and south is consistent with local geographic latitude.For example the latitude in Chengdu is 31 degree, and then latitude inclination angle that pedestal 2 is set is 31 degree.In the spring and fall equinoxes time, sun direct projection equator, the sun of seeing noon in Chengdu just appears at the places of 31 degree of Due South.When solar collecting device among the figure 1 adopts focus type (as solar cooker), also must consider in tracing process the problem that the focus of solar collecting device 1 should remain unchanged.If the solar collecting device 1 among the figure is a parabolic mirror, it is with solar light focusing, and then F is its focus.Parabolic mirror 1 is connected respectively on the countershaft 6 of automatic tracking platform 3 by three reinforcing bars.Parabolic mirror 1 can be done the rotation of North and South direction around countershaft 6, and the sun is manually followed the tracks of at the height of Various Seasonal.Because countershaft 6 is by focal point F, therefore rotation is that carry out in the center of circle with the focal point F, so no matter where rotate to, parabolic mirror 1 all is to focus on the focal point F.Obviously, its adjusting range is positive and negative 23.5 degree.This has just solved the 1st, 2 two problem.As for following the tracks of rotation sun every day, then realize by being fixed in the core component mechanical watch 4 that latitude is provided with on the pedestal 2 from the east orientation west.Mechanical watch 4 goes to drive and control main shaft 5 by travelling gear 7, and rotates with sun synchronization from the east to the west by countershaft 6 drive parabolic mirrors 1.This rotating shaft 6 is because of passing through focal point F, so in rotation process, parabolic mirror 1 focuses on the F place all the time.The power that parabolic mirror 1 rotates and mechanical watch 4 is walked about is from the gravity of weight 8.The gravity of weight 8 drives main shaft 5 by runner 9, and then drives the rotation of automatic tracking platform 3 and parabolic mirror 1 and mechanical watch 4.For reducing the moment that parabolic mirror 1 rotates, on main shaft 5, suspended the weight that weight equalizer 10 comes balance parabolic mirror 1 in midair.

When not adopting the utility model to carry out from motion tracking, the sensitive surface of solar energy equipment has only at noon the time-division just over against the sun, and is most effective.And, an angle theta (negative 90 spend positive 90 degree) is arranged all between the normal of its sensitive surface and the sunshine at other times, and the efficient of solar energy utilization is cos θ, per day efficiency value is $\frac{{\∫}_{-\mathrm{\π}/2}^{\mathrm{\π}/2}\cos \mathrm{\θd\θ}}{\mathrm{\π}}=0.6366$ Be on average can only utilize every day solar energy less than 64%.

After utilizing the utility model, the sensitive surface of solar energy equipment can whole day be aimed at the sun, and efficient is always 1, so per day efficient has improved 36%.

In prior art, though solar cooker can be by the artificial east-west direction of adjusting parabolic mirror, make its normal aim at the sun, but because of the sun per hour rotates 15 degree, if the focal length of parabolic mirror is 50CM, then focus will depart from 13.1CM, thus must often manually adjust, and can not guarantee its degree of accuracy.And the utility model can be compared with artificial adjustment exactly from the motion tracking sun, and is practical more, efficient, accurate.

Claims (6)

1, a kind of solar energy equipment from the motion tracking sun comprises solar collecting device 1, it is characterized in that also comprising that latitude is provided with pedestal 2, automatic tracking platform 3, mechanical watch 4, and the main shaft 5 and the countershaft 6 that pass through automatic tracking platform; The inclination angle, north and south that latitude wherein is provided with pedestal 2 equates with the geographic latitude of locality; Automatically tracking platform 3 has mutually perpendicular two rotating shafts: with latitude the main shaft 5 of pedestal 2 mechanical connections is set, and with the countershaft 6 of solar collecting device 1 mechanical connection; Main shaft 5 under the drive of mechanical watch 4 and control, drive automatic tracking platform 3 and solar collecting device 1 do between east and west to and with the uniform rotation of sun synchronization.

2, a kind of solar energy equipment from the motion tracking sun as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that described solar collecting device around countershaft 6, rotates in the positive and negative 23.5 degree scopes of North and South direction.

3,, it is characterized in that all focuses by solar collecting device of described main shaft 5 and countershaft 6 as claim 1 or the described a kind of solar energy equipment of claim 2 from the motion tracking sun.

4, a kind of solar energy equipment as claimed in claim 1 from the motion tracking sun, it is characterized in that described mechanical watch 4 is fixed in latitude and is provided with on the pedestal 2, mechanical watch 4 drives and control main shaft 5 by travelling gear 7, drives parabolic mirror 1 by countershaft 6 and rotates with sun synchronization from the east to the west.

5, as claim 1 or the described a kind of solar energy equipment of claim 4 from the motion tracking sun, it is characterized in that power that power that described parabolic mirror 1 rotates and mechanical watch 4 walk about gravity from weight 8, this gravity drives main shaft 5 by runner 9, and then drives the rotation of automatic tracking platform 3 and parabolic mirror 1 and mechanical watch 4.

6, a kind of solar energy equipment from the motion tracking sun as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that suspending in midair on the main shaft 5 weight equalizer 10 that reduces parabolic mirror 1 rotating torque.