CN2377831Y - Automatic controlling apparatus for day-light greenhouse felt-adding mechanism - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to an automatic controlling apparatus for a day-light greenhouse felt-adding mechanism, belonging to the technical field of an automatic grass-felt opening and closing mechanism design for day-light greenhouses and an automatic grass-felt opening and closing mechanism apparatus for day-light greenhouses. A purpose of automation control is reached and one-step fast opening and closing operation on a whole grass felt on the roof of a greenhouse is realized through the adoption of bidirectional rope pull or push lever traction, self-locking mechanism control, electric line regulation. The utility model has the advantages of time saving and high efficiency, and shows obvious application predominance particularly in modern greenhouse industrial production and automatic production.

Description

Solar greenhouse felt-adding mechanism automatic control device

The utility model relates to the design and the device of solar greenhouse automatic grass felt opening/closing mechanism.

Along with improving constantly of human living standard, people enlarge day by day to balanced demand of the four seasons of vegetables.For adapt on a large scale, extensive chamber planting needs, be necessary to realize the automatic management in greenhouse.Particularly the insulation grass felt of greenhouse ceiling top at the low temperature severe cold season, in order to satisfy the different demands of growth round the clock, requires frequently to take off lid every day.Especially when individual scale was managed, this work was troubling especially, tiring and length consuming time, and front and back are taken off lid and are once needed a few hours, will cause the insulation of greenhouse zones of different to be subjected to the light path degree unbalanced dramatically.Particularly in indefinite date of day climatic variation, it is unable to do what one wishes that this procedure makes us especially, and quite a lot of people are often simply built canopy and do not opened, so that cause and lack photosensitiveness physiology hunger, causes phenomenons such as dead seedling, fallen flowers, shedding, influences the productivity effect in greenhouse on the whole! Although some novel greenhouse has adopted double-deck curtain or two layers of curtain to replace traditional ceiling overhead grass felt in the portion space within it at present, have advantages such as the light and handy control of easy realization automation, but because environment for use condition harshness, existence proposes technological facilities limitation such as new demand to booth kind, space structure, Frame Design, is unsuitable for generally promoting in the tradition greenhouse, existing vast rural area adopting.So the place is still adopted and is manually taken off the careless felt mode of lid mostly at present, is difficult to realize automatic management.

The utility model purpose is to overcome above-mentioned defective, and a kind of cheap automation grass felt mechanism for opening/closing of tool popularization is provided.

The purpose of the utility model is to realize like this, in order to allow control operation of careless felt suitable for mechanization and simplified design, be convenient to quick manipulation, unified management, at first with piecemeal grass felting body plateization, so that disposable the finishing of whole booth grass felt operation step so also can be saved half stay cord consumption at least.Because careless felt opening-closing process is attended by gravity acting,, eliminates gravity effect and be used the power transmission process employing self-locking type worm and wormwheel reducing gear of this mechanism for the ease of control.The ruuning situation of so careless felt just is driven in power source fully, realizes the purport instruction control of the signal of telecommunication, causes the gravity acting of careless felt to close curtain voluntarily in the time of can power not being disappeared because of factors such as outages.And this type of decelerator to have a gearratio big, slow down to increase that to turn round effect remarkable, compact conformation, advantages such as stable drive, the action of very suitable this system authority is connected.Mechanical displacement by corresponding stroke switch senses drag rope also is converted to the signal of telecommunication, and the action of control electric wiring part is carried out, and realizes final Electric Traction control.First scheme: type duplex type mode of traction is carried out switching motion to adopt that one is long and the other is short, long rope (9) opens felt power stay cord, be used to promote careless felt, close the felt process and then at first roll ceiling horizontal zone more, then just enter gravity acting section voluntarily by closing the careless felt of the short stay cord of felt (3) traction, at this moment, depend merely on the running of worm screw derotation control worm gear, the merit section, at this moment, depend merely on the running of worm screw derotation control worm gear, loose long rope (9) just can steadily be finished careless felt closing course.In addition, careless felt pushes up mechanism more and also can adopt roller pull-bar type (as shown in figure 11).Alternative plan: adopt not have more the top formula type canopy facial bone shelf structure (as shown in figure 10) that inclines.Cancelled and closed felt and push more and make link, integral self-control facility scheme is greatly simplified, only need a worm reducer auxilliary can finish whole automation procedures in two by the stroke ON-OFF control circuit! Third party's case: adopt the entire body rope to come and go the uncoiling process that the systemic circulation bivector traction mode of rolling is controlled careless felt.This scheme usage range is wide, can adapt to the keying operating mode demand of arbitrary shape greenhouse canopy face well.A driving shaft only need be set, a driven shaft can be realized the kinetic current bi-directional rotary.

The utility model advantage is: simple in structure, reasonable in design, dependable performance, easy and simple to handle, one opens and closes finishing of operation only need send disposable instruction before operation, afterwards, automatic control mechanism just can automatically perform, stops voluntarily after this procedure is finished.The sensing travel switch can in time obtain current careless felt state of living in, realizes automatic management.Such mode of controlling travel switch by stroke distances of drag rope has characteristics such as accuracy height, antijamming capability are strong, can because of some link in the kinematic system occur as: wrap up in the silly influence factor such as moving of rope inequality, the overlapping dislocation of serving, inertia and cause inharmonious, the transmission distortion phenomenons that move such as motion is leading, hysteresis, jump, the accuracy of its Stroke Control is very high, the class requirement that is fit to very much automatical and efficient diversification control, can realize the online control of calculator easily, carry out the sequencing intelligent control.The in-line procedure of its electrified control circuit and microcomputer is also extremely convenient, only need the corresponding relay switch contact under the control of the working contact changing-over microcomputer interface original papers (photocoupler controllable silicon solid-state switching circuits) such as hand push button switch S BT, SBP in the circuit is got final product, even the diversification program can be set, introduce special photo-thermal sensor, pick up internal and external environment variation information, control the open area of careless felt according to intensity of illumination and light application time, temperature of shed, illuminance are carried out trickle accuracy controlling.

Because the novel agility of this utility model, the original looks that expanded traditional careless felt produce new latent function.Not only can be used for the cold-proof heat insulation in winter, also can be used for the sunshade in summer and cover heat, play the effect of sunshade net, prevent that high noon, burning sun tanned by the sun, moisture content excessive vaporization, unfavorable factors such as ecotope change.Can realize the weather isolation of greenhouse internal and external environment at any time rapidly according to extraneous climatic variation.In time avoid suffering the serious harm of harsh weather such as precipitate blast, heavy rain, hail.

Concrete structure and working condition below in conjunction with description of drawings the utility model embodiment.

Fig. 1: greenhouse overall structure planning chart (a:A type close felt figure b:A type open felt figure c:B type open felt figure)

Fig. 2: the A type opens and closes the kinetic current distribution diagram

Fig. 3: Type B opens and closes the kinetic current distribution diagram

Fig. 4: stay cord, travel switch C type layout drawing

Fig. 5: stay cord, travel switch D type layout drawing and pendulum rope structural scheme of mechanism

Fig. 6: stay cord, travel switch, pendulum rope sleeve winding enlarged drawing

Fig. 7: careless felt, disjunctor muscle hinge joint partial sectional view

Fig. 8: the electrified control circuit schematic diagram of C type

Fig. 9: the electrified control circuit modified segment of D type schematic diagram

Figure 10: do not have more the top formula type skeleton greenhouse mechanism for opening/closing schematic diagram that inclines

Figure 11: the roller pull-bar type is got over the top structural scheme of mechanism

Figure 12: systemic circulation formula backguy traction horizontal movement schematic diagram

Figure 13: systemic circulation backguy traction arched roof face motion schematic diagram

Figure 14: systemic circulation backguy traction is ceiling face motion schematic diagram more

Wherein:

1, careless felt 2, steel wire disjunctor muscle

3, closing felt lacks stay cord 4, closes the felt line shaft

5, bearing 6, angle iron frame structure

7, rain-proof shelter 8, open the felt line shaft

9, open the long stay cord 10 of felt, bolt

11, pulley spindle 12, the non-transparent area of ceiling

13, close the driven spur bevel gear 14 of felt, torque transmitting shaft

15, angle steel 16, electromagnetic clutch

17, open felt pick-off signal sensing travel switch (1ST)

18, travel switch control section hawser 19, holding down bolt

20, close felt initiatively spur bevel gear 21, face gear

22, open felt rope winding up roller 23, worm gear

24, worm screw 25, motor

26, bearing height adjustment hole 27, close felt pick-off signal sensing travel switch (2ST)

28, close felt rope winding up roller 29, electromagnetic clutch industry control travel switch (3ST)

30, the directly moving follower lever pendulum of cam rope mechanism 31, pinion unit

32, cylindrical cam mechanism 33, pendulum rope sleeve

34, electromagnetic clutch industry control travel switch (5ST) 35, time relay control travel switch (4ST)

36, stay cord coiling constraint dish 37, upper strata grass felt

38, lower floor's grass felt 39, careless felt suture

40, roller handspike 41, tooth bar

42, gear 43, driven pulley

44, driving wheel 45, regulating wheel

Fig. 2, Figure 3 shows that two kinds of kinetic current distribution diagrams of the two-way stay cord trailed model of length type grass felt mechanism for opening/closing.A type genus closes felt line shaft front positioning type, it is rear-mounted that the Type B genus closes the felt line shaft, these two types are applicable to respectively in the different angle beam shelf structures, Type B opens and closes line shaft and all is placed in the same perpendicular, so cause its vertical dimension to strengthen, the A type then requires little occasion comparatively practical at the roof beam structure height dimension.In addition, can be by the vertical height of bearing height adjustment hole (26) regulating shaft bearing, under the conditions permit situation, should transfer to maximum position with opening the felt line shaft as far as possible, set up in case of necessity and open felt stay cord traction elevated height strainer, help reducing the frictional engagement area of stay cord and careless felt upper surface like this, reach the purpose that reduces the moment of resistance and prolong the careless felt stay cord life-span, the preposition axle of felt is closed in rising in addition or pulley spindle helps reducing to be in the light influence.Make the length stay cord all keep the nature rate of tension in order to guarantee to open and close under the two moving states of line shaft, size was different when requirement opened and closed stay cord winding up roller diameter in design, so that the effective working diameter of the two winding up roller is close when two moving state, be unlikely to cause too big duplex type parcel slackness difference, cause the asynchronous of careless felt action and telecommunication instruction, felt occurs leading and lag behind and close chattering in the felt motion, cause and roll the felt shakiness.In addition, when no electromagnetic clutch, also can with low-power machine with close felt mechanism and be connected, constitute the Dual-motors Driving type, should note the match synchronization problem of double dynamical power, gearratio this moment, in order to guarantee the two-wire synchronous tension, also can allow and open the felt slave motor and do passive phase failure idle running, close the felt decelerator and can not be selected from the lock type this moment, and electric control circuit only needs that electromagnetic clutch is changed to motor and adjunction synchronous backward contactor master control circuit gets final product (in order to two-way power).When spatial dimension allowed, high-speed region can be used belt transmission, that is: with belt motor is connected with reducer input shaft, had overload protective function like this.Open the felt main motor current in addition and will choose enough greatly, open felt immediately and be subjected to the light time to occur promoting painstaking even phenomenon such as can't promote in case give behind the storm summer.The serving roller also can be provided with specially, and allows corresponding keying line shaft directly serve as winding up roller, and like this, the winding up roller diameter is very little, under the constant situation of careless felt speed, helps reducing the decelerator gearratio, makes whole mechanism compact.Chain drive can suit measures to local conditions the to be arranged on centre or the both sides of rope-winding shaft according to ceiling space situation.

Fig. 4, Fig. 5, Fig. 6 are: stay cord, travel switch, cycloid arrangement of mechanism are analyzed situation schematic illustration (for simple and clear, adopt the rope method of development, all travel switch control section hawsers all are showed in the same plane).This device utilizes stay cord mechanical displacement control travel switch, lean against stay cord Stroke Control section access hawser and press swing type travel switch roller promotion connecting rod swing, finish switch motion, realize the transfer process of the mechanical signal and the signal of telecommunication, so precision is high, can guarantee to reach the purpose of control automatically accepting in time to finish corresponding signal conversion under the state that hawser presses rapidly.For the further accuracy of Stroke Control and the ride comfort of careless felt motion of guaranteeing, adapt to the accuracy that computer management requires, can set up the directly moving follower lever pendulum of cam rope mechanism, the design of its cam contour should be served the neat serving of winding up roller, directly the round trip and the characteristics of motion of moving follower lever should be corresponding with winding up roller relative dimensions data and kinematic parameter for cam, reach the synchronous operation of all stay cords, like this, can eliminate the phenomenon that wanders off, wanders away of careless felt well, help the accurate control (travel switch can make in pendulum rope mechanism) of travel switch.In addition, because careless felt plate zoariumization back lateral dimension is very big, generally can not wander off, allow stay cord directly by the constraint sleeve pipe so also can put rope mechanism, to guarantee its position accuracy, this moment, the serving process of winding up roller then relied on its natural layering method rolling-in voluntarily.Obvious, C type, the difference of D type electric control circuit are, the D type has been set up time-delay relay to the control procedure of electromagnetic clutch, have in the function that opens felt cut off clutch delay cut-off, can guarantee like this when opening the end of felt operation, open and close line shaft and still have one period hysteresis engagement phase, cause the inertia motion progressive error that occurs because of the rotary inertia of each line shaft place kinematic system is different thereby eliminated in dead electricity moment.In fact after clutch and motor while dead electricity, close the felt line shaft and be in free state this moment, its action can allow by the indirect transfer power of careless felt stay cord closes the felt axle and is driven in and opens the felt line shaft, the tight sag that can guarantee two-way stay cord equally is suitable, and close the felt rope passive lax have effect is tightened in careless felt rolling, this type of closes can not have the self-locking type transmission device to exist in the felt system.Also can install inertial flywheel additional on the felt driving shaft and replace delay switch closing in addition.But there is the two-way time-delay of inertia in it, careless felt stay cord will occur and twine inequality, and the action hysteresis and the chattering that when moving next time, occur, so the design of its inertia parameter is thorough appropriate, in the hope of reaching the effect of " maximizing favourable factors and minimizing unfavourable ones ".The set positions of each travel switch control section hawser directly affects the accuracy of automatic control mechanism, so its planning and designing that trigger starting point, overlay region are all very important, to give special heed to the formation in " dead band " in addition, the terminal remainder size of hawser wants enough big, should consider the parking inertia stroke yardstick under mechanism's limit speed, this cable segment yardstick must be greater than this, otherwise " dead car " phenomenon will occur, can't finish top process links more, cause and close the felt inefficacy.In order to shorten hawser length to guarantee the serving homogeneity of serving roller, also can adopt the crawl triggering type, finish delay working and be abutted against tentaculum electromagnetic self-locking characteristic, at this moment, except that clutch shake-up cable segment is long slightly (this section can not be involved in the winding up roller), all the other touch the district and all can adopt rope knotting formula that trigger head is set, its defective is that careless felt can not stop in the horizontal zone arbitrfary point, otherwise can't close felt, and must return earlier and open the felt cut off and can cause contactor electromagnetic locking control electricity main contact and start and close the felt power source.In addition; also there is the inertia offside situation after crawl triggers parking in this type of facility; so also must experience offside parking restarting process next time when starting, and there is mistake control starting possibility, (for it; must add the status signal indication); the former then has automatic protection functions at scheme, when operation mistake control circuit can not recognition instruction, that is: open the felt cut off as mistake when opening the felt button; travel switch is in off-state, thereby guarantees to control operation failure by mistake.In addition, also can adopt the reversing braking mode to reduce parking inertia motion idle stroke greatly, reach the purpose that shortens the control section hawser.When adopting the time-delay control circuit, should notice that its reference time delay can not be too big, must get over top plane area working time section smaller or equal to closing felt, otherwise will cause that to close the felt stay cord lax too much and cause closing next time the felt action and lag behind, so influence to open the felt stay cord too much lax and felt occurs falling jump in closing the felt process.Trailer system inertia motion idle stroke after mechanism's outage, when closing the felt cut off, help covering completely careless felt, be in the light startup that the felt stay cord also will help next motor of opening of relaxation state simultaneously, then help further rolling tight careless felt opening the felt cut off, this characteristic will be noted being used in design.

Figure 7 shows that careless felt disjunctor gusset blocking hinge joint cutaway view.Consider the inconvenience of transportation, mounting or dismounting, must adopt the piecemeal assembling type.The steel wire disjunctor muscle of Jia Ruing therebetween, one can allow and closes the short stay cord of felt individual anchor point is arranged on careless felt, and two can increase integrated intensity, are difficult for wandering off, also can play in addition and reduce fretting wear effect between stay cord and careless felt, reach the purpose that reduces the moment of resistance and prolong the careless felt life-span.

Figure 8 shows that the electrified control circuit schematic diagram of C type, because the motion operating mode of careless felt needn't reversing braking, simultaneously also should avoid the antiport rapidly of careless felt,, promptly when the change action direction, must pass through shut-down operation earlier so should not take the control circuit of button, contactor duplex lock.Figure 9 shows that time-delay control section line map, only need when quoting its ef place that is connected to C molded lines road is got final product.

Figure 10 is not for there being the incline mechanism for opening/closing schematic diagram in type skeleton greenhouse of top formula more.Obvious, the implementation process of this scheme is very simple, and shortcoming is to have increased wall height behind the greenhouse, and careless felt mechanism will influence the due daylighting area of booth to a certain extent.

Figure 11 gets over the top structural scheme of mechanism for the roller pull-bar type, and this scheme is replenish (effect of this handspike is equivalent to and closes the short stay cord of felt) to the two stay cord traction of length type opening/shutting mode, and this mechanism has dependable performance, and fault rate is low, and advantages such as succinct, convenient are installed.For reducing cost, also can adopt roller-less formula handspike, but its shortcoming such as frictional resistance is bigger when exist promoting careless felt and pushing up more is unsuitable for promoting to have the greenhouse operating mode that certain arch is got over end face.Its electrified control circuit still can adopt travel switch sensing grass felt position to switch the signal of telecommunication, and then realizes that handspike comes and goes the operation control of action.

Figure 12, Figure 13, Figure 14 draw the two-way executing agency's schematic diagram that rolls of careless felt for the backguy of systemic circulation formula.Being of wide application of this mode, be particularly useful for that the plane covers or little arched roof face add the felt operating mode, it is rational in infrastructure simple, with low cost, the electric control circuit part is also very simple, a self-locking type decelerator and two travel switches can satisfy plain edition operating mode demand, can be in any aperture to any direction servo-actuated with stopping, realize that very easily the diversification of multiple spot travel switch accurately controls.This scheme defective is that space mechanism's framework is big, thereby increases greenhouse shading area to a certain extent.When adding felt for the bigger canopy face top of radian in addition, have that cornerite is big between stay cord grass felt, the break-in contact zone is many, frictional resistance is big, shortcomings such as it is comparatively serious to wear and tear (can add several steel wire disjunctor muscle in the serious break-in of careless felt zone, in case of necessity in addition can install additional the shaft-like bearing of needle-type reduce the friction).

The author is in this proposition " type basin, cellar greenhouse by solar heat " establishment scheme, particularly many on the mountain, physical features is uneven and water resource lacks the area, can make full use of its geographical natural advantage, set up new type greenhouse, cellar, it is effective to have heat and moisture preserving, building cost is cheap, is easy to adopt third party's case to realize significant advantages such as efficient extensive synthesization scientific management.Has far-reaching promotional value.

With regard to present circumstances, for most greenhouse, best facility scheme is the two stay cord haulage gears of length type, and use can be installed additional not changing on the present hothouse framework basis at all in this mechanism.

More than the design as be used for common keying control type occasion then its designing requirement can correspondingly reduce, should with simple, economy serve as planning purport.But then very important in calculator accuracy controlling grass felt aperture operating mode occasion, its design standard should be decided because of feelings.

Claims (6)

1, a kind of solar greenhouse felt-adding mechanism automatic control device, it is characterized in that: the steel wire disjunctor muscle (2) on careless felt (1) surface is gone up even system has some to be used to close that felt pushes up mechanism more closes the short stay cord (3) of felt, another free end of its fag end lies in and closes on the felt line shaft (4), the coiling top dead centre place that freely reels and hold at careless felt, grass felt below is provided with opens the long stay cord of felt (9), freely reel to hold to lie in after walking around along careless felt lower surface to careless felt and open on the felt line shaft (8), open felt line shaft (8) and add turbine and worm decelerator (23 by motor, 24) directly drive after, the driving force of closing felt line shaft (4) is by the input of electromagnetic clutch (16) back; Opening on the long stay cord of felt (9), be provided with the control section hawser (18) of the triggered travel switch action of the careless felt stroke state of indication, the travel switch that is used for signal of telecommunication conversion can be located on the pendulum rope sleeve (33), and contact contacts with rope.

2, automaton according to claim 1 is characterized in that described careless felt stroke state indicator elment can be knotting point or other adminicle piece; It is described that to be used to do the element that signal transforms can be induction installations such as light, electricity, magnetosensitive.

3, automaton according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: open and close cut off position and any centre position at rope, can be provided with and a plurality ofly be used to make careless felt aperture to make the accurately stroke state indicator elment of control of diversification, and at its corresponding site signalization reforming unit.

4, automaton according to claim 1 is characterized in that the described felt that closes pushes up mechanism more and is made up of handspike mechanism, and its corresponding stroke state indicating device can be arranged on the moving parts such as gear, tooth bar, handspike.

5, automaton according to claim 1, it is characterized in that the described long stay cord of felt (9) that opens is connected a place with the free end that closes the short stay cord of felt (3), form the backguy of systemic circulation formula and draw the two-way executing agency of rolling of careless felt, closed rope is wrapped on driving wheel, driven pulley and the regulating wheel.

6,, it is characterized in that described driving force of closing felt line shaft (4) or handspike mechanism can derive from another electromotor respectively according to claim 1 or 4 described automatons.

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