Micro-Computer Overload Protection Device Using for Power Equipment is to utilize microcomputer technology, by each quantity of state of analytical calculation power equipment, judges whether this power equipment has fault, and the automatics of giving an order when fault is arranged it being excised from electric power system.This device comprises parts such as data acquisition system, cpu motherboard, the output of relay group switching value and man-machine interface.Data acquisition system converts the quantity of state (analog quantitys such as electric current, voltage) of power equipment to CPU discernible digital quantity and sends to each cpu motherboard, each cpu motherboard calculates the data analysis that receives according to the program that weaves, when judging that power equipment sends signal when fault is arranged, amplify the rear drive power circuit breaker by the relay group faulty equipment is excised from electric power system.The man-machine interface of operations staff's use device can the setting device parameter, testing apparatus performance, deriving means action event information.
The data acquisition system of existing microcomputer protective relay device mainly contains A/D conversion chip and the two kinds of forms of voltage-frequency conversion (VFC) chip used.These two kinds of forms all exist some shortcomings to hinder the further raising of protective value.Present widely used A/D converter resolution is generally 12, and actual effective resolution only has about 11, and the current/voltage precision working range of protection can only be reached below 200 times.The general passive resistance-capacitance network in two rank that adopts of its preposition low-pass filtering, amplitude-frequency characteristic is comparatively mild, be difficult to take into account and the filtering high fdrequency component do not make low frequency component decay such as required power frequency and second harmonic too many again, and because the precision of electric capacity is relatively poor, make the phase-frequency characteristic instability, can not guarantee the consistency of interchannel phase place.The interface of itself and CPU generally adopts parallel bus, can not realize that many CPU share a cover A/D conversion system, and A/D converter directly controlled by CPU, and the CPU expense is bigger.Another kind of A/D conversion system adopts the voltage-frequency conversion regime, promptly by the VFC chip analog voltage signal is converted to the square wave that frequency is directly proportional with it, and CPU realizes analog-to-digital conversion by the umber of pulse of square wave in the computing time T.Because consider anti-interference factor, maximum operating frequency is restricted.Regularly change-over time, T was directly proportional with resolution in maximum operating frequency one, made that improving resolution inevitable is cost to sacrifice conversion speed, vice versa.Because each analog quantity each need a voltage-frequency to transform passage, is difficult to guarantee interchannel consistency, thereby in the gain and the drift of whole each passage of wage adjustment of all will choosing when higher to required precision.In addition because CPU obtains is high-frequency pulse signal, can not be to its EDC error detection and correction, make protective device may produce wrong action behavior having when disturbing.Reason to sum up, the data acquisition system of existing microcomputer protective relay device all can not satisfy high speed, high accuracy, high reliability, many CPU simultaneously and share, exempt from requirements such as debugging.
In addition, the man-machine interface (MMI) of existing microcomputer protective relay device is all not too friendly.Maximum display only can show 4 row simultaneously, and 8 Chinese characters of every row are comparatively difficult when the operations staff understands display message.Generally use the RS232 interface communication between MMI plate and CPU board, baud rate is difficult to surpass 9600bps, and response speed is very slow when making the need transmission chunk data.And communication protocol can only adopt Polling (detect in turn) mode, just can upload when the incident of CPU must be waited until the man-machine interface inquiry, is difficult to satisfy the requirement of electric power monitoring system to the incident uploading speed.
The purpose of this utility model is exactly in order to address the above problem, and a kind of Micro-Computer Overload Protection Device Using for Power Equipment of requirement such as can satisfy simultaneously that high speed, high accuracy, high reliability, many CPU are shared, exempted to debug is provided.
Technical solution of the present utility model:
A kind of Micro-Computer Overload Protection Device Using for Power Equipment; it includes the plurality of voltages current sensor and organizes low pass filter and a plurality of master board more; the input of each master board connects the on off state output of power equipment; it is characterized in that the outputs of organizing low pass filters all are connected to sampling holder separately more; the output of each sampling holder is connected to the input of modulus converter A/D by multiway analog switch; it also has an analog-to-digital conversion microcontroller MCU; the output of A/D links to each other with the input of MCU; the A/D control output of MCU connects the control end of modulus converter A/D; the passage control output of MCU connects the control end of multiway analog switch; the controlling of sampling output of MCU connects the control end of each sampling holder; the serial output of MCU links to each other with the serial communication interface of each master board simultaneously; each master board is connected to by display; the man-machine interface that keyboard etc. are formed; their output is sent control signal by the relay group, with the circuit breaker in the control power equipment.
The utility model has been done bigger improvement on data acquisition system and man-machine interface.In data acquisition system, low-pass filtering adopts the active low-pass filter chip, filter capacitor is integrated in chip internal, the discreteness of amplitude-frequency characteristic and phase-frequency characteristic is much smaller than the low-pass filtering loop that is made of discrete device, the consistency of each passage is fine, and amplitude-frequency characteristic is comparatively precipitous, can be under the unattenuated substantially situation of useful low frequency component filtering high fdrequency component preferably.16 A/D conversion chips are at a high speed adopted in the A/D conversion, make the precision working range of protection bring up to 800 times.Simultaneously, the utility model has increased an A/D management dedicated cpu, is responsible for control sampling holder, multiway analog switch and A/D converter, and is broadcast to each cpu motherboard by serial communication after A/D converter reads transformation result adding check code.Like this, realized that a plurality of cpu motherboards share a sets of data acquisition system.And cpu motherboard reads the A/D transformation result from serial port, and the control data acquisition system has been saved a lot of CPU times again.What pass to cpu motherboard in addition is encoded data, and CPU can improve antijamming capability greatly to its EDC error detection and correction.Owing to the whole data collection system does not have the lower electric capacity of service precision, need not debug just to reach 1% required precision.
In addition, man-machine interface of the present utility model (MMI) has adopted and can show 8 row, and the LCD of 15 Chinese characters of every row can show a large amount of device informations simultaneously, and is very convenient when the operations staff is used.Adopt the CAN bus of international popular between man-machine interface and cpu motherboard, traffic rate may be up to 1Mbps, and cpu motherboard can active upload information be given man-machine interface, can satisfy the real-time requirement that electric power system is uploaded incident, have high speed, high accuracy, high reliability, many CPU and share, exempt from characteristics such as debugging, application prospect is very wide.
The utility model is described in further detail below with reference to accompanying drawing.
As Fig. 1, the utility model includes the plurality of voltages current sensor and organizes low pass filter and a plurality of master board (being cpu motherboard) more, the input of each master board connects the on off state output of power equipment, characteristics of the present utility model are that the output of many group low pass filters all is connected to sampling holder separately, the output of each sampling holder is connected to the input of modulus converter A/D by multiway analog switch, it also has an analog-to-digital conversion microcontroller MCU, the output of A/D links to each other with the input of MCU, the A/D control output of MCU connects the control end of modulus converter A/D, the passage control output of MCU connects the control end of multiway analog switch, the controlling of sampling output of MCU connects the control end of each sampling holder, the serial output of MCU links to each other with the serial communication interface of each master board simultaneously, each master board is connected to by display, the man-machine interface (MMI) that keyboard etc. are formed, their output is sent control signal by the relay group, with the circuit breaker in the control power equipment.
Fig. 2 is a plurality of voltages sensor electrical schematic diagram of the present utility model, they are made up of a plurality of transformer TVA, TVB, TVC, TVO, TVX, their input is exported with the voltage transformer in the power equipment and is linked to each other, and to measure the voltage signal amount of power equipment, their output connects low pass filter.
Fig. 3 is the electrical schematic diagram of multichannel current sensor, they also are made up of a plurality of transformer TAA, TAB, TAC, TAO, their input is exported with the current transformer in the power equipment and is linked to each other, and to measure the current signal amount of power equipment, their output connects low pass filter.
The output of plurality of voltages transducer and multichannel current sensor is by input corresponding link to each other of interface socket J1 with many groups low pass filter F1-F12, many group low pass filter F1-F12 see Fig. 5, their circuit structure is all identical, constitute by low-pass filtering integrated chip (model can be UAF12) and peripheral resistance thereof, the output of many group low pass filter F1-F12 is corresponding continuous with the multichannel input of sampling holder S1-S3, see Fig. 4, the circuit structure of S1-S3 is all identical, constitute by sampling integrated circuit (model can be AD684), their output all is connected with the input of multiway analog switch D8, D8 is made of multiway analog switch integrated chip (model can be AD7506), its output links to each other with the input of analog to digital converter D7 by the buffer circuit of being made up of amplifier D10, D7 is made of analog-digital conversion ic (model can be ADS7807), and the output of D7 is connected to analog-to-digital conversion microcontroller MCU.The circuit of MCU as shown in Figure 6, it is by microcontroller D1 (model can be PIC16C76), AND circuit D5A-D5D, interface circuit D3, D4 (model can be MAX232) and tristate buffer D6A-D6D (model can be 74LS125) form, the control end output SH1 of D1, SH2, SH3 links to each other with the controlling of sampling end of three sampling holder S1-S3 respectively, operating state with control S1-S3, the output terminals A 0-A3 of D1 links to each other with the channel selecting input of multiway analog switch D8, channel selecting with control multiway analog switch D8, the output R/C of D1 links to each other with the startup of analog to digital converter D7 conversion input, begins conversion to start analog to digital converter D7.The data output end DATA of D1 and output terminal of clock SDO connect the input of AND circuit D5A-D5D, the output of D5A-D5D links to each other with master board by interface circuit D3, D4, the synchronous signal output end SYN of D1 connects the input of tristate buffer D6A-D6D, and the output of D6A-D6D also links to each other with master board.
Master board has a plurality of, its circuit structure is all identical, as Fig. 7, it is by central processor CPU (model can be MC68332), random memory ram (model can be 62C1024), read-only memory ROM (model can be 27C1024), bus control unit CAN (model can be SJA1000), flash memory FLASH (model can be 29C1024), switching value input buffer D9-D11 (model all can be 74LS245) forms, CAN, FLASH and D9-D11 all link to each other with address bus with the data/address bus of CPU, the switching value input of each master board is that the input of switching value input buffer D9-D11 is all corresponding continuous with the switching value output of power equipment by photoisolator (is TLP121 as adopting model) separately, the analog quantity input of each master board is that the serial communication input of central processor CPU passes through interface circuit D12 separately, D13 (model can be MAX232) links to each other with the output of analog-to-digital conversion microcontroller MCU, interface circuit D12 wherein, D13 such as Fig. 8, D12, the input of D13 respectively with MCU in interface circuit D3, the output of D4 links to each other D12 with the output of tristate buffer D6A-D6D, the output of D13 just with corresponding master board in the serial communication input SCK of central processor CPU, MOSI, TPUO links to each other.The output of each master board is all sent from the output of its central processor CPU, they link to each other with the relay group by photoisolator (also can adopt model is the photoelectrical coupler of TLP121) separately, and the bus control unit CAN in each master board all connects with the control bus of man-machine interface MMI and links to each other.
Relay group such as Fig. 9, it is made up of relay QDJ1A, QDJ2A, HHJA, PTDXA, FJA, CHXJA, CHXJB, CXJA, CXJB, CKJQA, LJ3A, GJA, the input of their coil respectively with each master board in the corresponding output of central processor CPU link to each other, their output is drawn the corresponding switching value input that connects power equipment by normally opened contact CXJD, CHXJD, GJB, PTDXB, HHJB separately, with control power equipment excision fault.
The course of work of the present utility model is as follows, the voltage of power equipment, current signal is by plurality of voltages transducer TVA, TVB, TVC, TVO, TVX and current sensor TAA, TAB, TAC, the low pass filter F1-F12 that TAO delivers to separately carries out low-pass filtering, deliver to sampling holder S1-S3 then, at this moment S1-S3 under the control of analog-to-digital conversion microcontroller MCU to the current and voltage signals maintenance of sampling, deliver to multiway analog switch D8 then, D8 still selects each current and voltage signals to deliver to analog to digital converter D7 under the control of MCU successively, D7 changes into digital quantity with voltage and current signal by analog quantity and delivers to analog-to-digital conversion microcontroller MCU under the control of MCU, MCU is with the encoded central processor CPU of delivering to each master board of this digital signal.Simultaneously, the switching value input buffer D9-D11 of some switching value signals of power equipment by each master board also delivers to central processor CPU separately, each CPU carries out analysis and judgement in real time to the current and voltage signals and the switching value signal of input, when judging that power equipment breaks down, just send control command by relay group control power equipment excision fault.Man-machine interface MMI of the present utility model is owing to link to each other with the bus control unit CAN of each master board, thus can revise the parameter of each master board, and display action information, this display message can be uploaded in real time, needn't wait for the inquiry of MMI, reaction speed is fast, high efficiency.