CN2269573Y - Down-draft kiln capable of smoke prevention and dust control - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model provides a down-draft kiln capable of smoke prevention and dust control, which can carry out the improvement aiming at an existing down-draft kiln having serious smoke pollution for environment caused by the insufficient combustion. A high-strength fireproof cast composed of a carrier cast of a combustion nozzle, the combustion nozzle and a secondary wind chamber is added in an original combustion chamber; a blower and a wind box are added in a ventilating device, so that the complete combustion of fuel can be realized under the technical action of secondary wind, inner strong mixing and rotary combustion; dust and smoke can be separated under the action of rotation, injection and collision, casuing that the purpose of smoke prevention and dust control can be achieved; a chimney does not smoke during regular production.

Description

But the down-draft kiln of smoke abatement and dust control

The utility model relates to a kind of down-draft kiln, is suitable for burning till of ceramic.

Rise and development along with ceramics, down-draft kiln miscellaneous also arises at the historic moment, a kind of down-draft kiln that utilization rate is the highest is made up of three parts at present, be kiln body, burner and ventilation unit, wherein, the kiln body is to be made of kiln wall, wicket and kiln top, and burner is made up of combustion chamber, firebreak, bocca and fire grate, and ventilation unit is made up of gravity-flow ventilation mouth, suction fire hole, branch flue, flue collector and chimney.Its operation principle is, in down-draft kiln, primary air is that the ashcan below the combustion chamber passes fire grate (grate), enter burning zone (being the coal seam), be coal seam oxygen supply burning, the flame that produces is up along firebreak from fire-box, push up through bocca to kiln, and in this course, near the goods bocca and the top are heated, then under the draft effect of chimney, then it is descending, and in descending way, constantly heat is passed to saggar with convection current and radiation mode, the goods in the alms bowl body are heated.Its kiln body bulk can be according to the needs adjustment of producing, and changeable, production scale is controlled easily; And can change firing temperature according to different product requirements, have the flexibility in the production; Simultaneously the flame of down-draft kiln flow through one from bottom to top with top-down process, make full kiln upper, middle and lower portion goods obtain heating comprehensively, to the heating of goods with burn till comparison fully, evenly, thereby obtain vast ceramic owner's generally employing.But because the combustion apparatus in the existing down-draft kiln has only a combustion chamber, like this in timing, quantitative throwing by hand in the coal combustion process, shock effect when the burning zone in the combustion chamber not only will suffer to throw coal at every turn, produce airborne dust, and cause of short duration and local flame-out, and to consume moisture content in the new coal of suitable heat devaporation, make it oven dry so that destructive distillation, cause the temperature sharp fall in the burner hearth, influence the completing combustion of coal dust that raises up, and under flue draft effect, be inhaled into flue with dust, discharge by chimney, produce smoke contamination; Another problem that this combustion system brought simultaneously is: when the coal of newly knocking down is heated suddenly under the cold conditions situation, when falling on the red-hot carbon fire, with poly-right a large amount of flammable volatile matter that produces, because the deficiency of oxygen supply for the moment in the kiln, cause imperfect combustion, a large amount of volatile matters and free carbon dust are overflowed along flue together, and become gas dissolubility micelle, form billowing black smoke (flue gas lingemann blackness＞5 grade) at the floss hole adhesive aggregation.Flue dust constituent analysis result, and the physical behavior of soot dust granule has also proved this point.According to one's analysis, during the down-draft kiln flue gas composition is formed, except that sulfur dioxide and hydrogen fluoride, also contain quite a large amount of carbon monoxide, nitric oxide composition, except that part dust granules (＜20%), mainly be the gluey carbon dust of gas dissolubility during flue dust is formed, its phosphorus content is 96.2%; Hydrogen content 0.8%; Remainder is an oxygen.Combustion test shows: the condition that produces this flue dust is: 1. excess air coefficient low (＜1, i.e. oxygen supply deficiency in the stove); 2. furnace load is too high; 3. burning time is too short; 4. fuel mixes badly etc. with air, this shows that the reduction combustion atmosphere also is the Another reason that causes the down-draft kiln smoke contamination in the kiln.A large amount of dust, smog, sulfur dioxide and the nitrogen oxide that is produced by the down-draft kiln production line do not done any processing and directly entered atmosphere like this, healthy and ecological environment to local people has constituted serious threat, becomes the leading factor that restriction local economy and society further develop.

In order to overcome above-mentioned deficiency, the purpose of this utility model provides a kind of improved down-draft kiln, the down-draft kiln of particularly a kind of energy smoke abatement and dust control, it can add the intake in the Dayao, make through the mixed fuel of abundant peroxide arranged sufficient burning time, guarantee combustible completing combustion, and in rotation, injection and collision, impel dust to separate, reach the purpose of smoke abatement and dust control with flue gas.

The utility model is by the kiln body, burner and ventilation unit are formed, the kiln body is by the kiln wall, wicket and kiln top constitute, burner includes the combustion chamber, firebreak, bocca, fire grate, ventilation unit includes branch flue, flue collector and chimney, it is characterized in that in the combustion chamber of burner, also containing the high-strength refractory foundry goods, it is to chew the carrier foundry goods by burning, what burning was chewed and secondary air chamber is formed, burning chews that the carrier foundry goods is chewed foundry goods by burning and the foundry goods of igniting is formed, there is a perforation in the central authorities of chewing foundry goods in burning, the top in hole is the streamline structure of abduction, central authorities at the foundry goods of igniting have one to inhale fire hole, curved streamline structure in the bottom in hole is; There is a fresh air inlet its side, burning is chewed and is hollow cylindrical, the wind distributing hole that is being equally spaced and is upwards cutting sth. askew in the side of hollow cylinder, secondary air chamber is a hollow cylinder, go to the bottom on it hole is all arranged, bottom diameter is greater than the lower bottom hole diameter on it, its side has a hole to link to each other with secondary wind inleting tube, and secondary wind inleting tube is connected with blower fan, burns to chew to place in the secondary air chamber, its top is chewed foundry goods with burning and is connected, the bottom is connected with the foundry goods of igniting, and then, burning is chewed the carrier foundry goods be fixedly connected in the refractory wall on the kiln wall, the flame that sucks the foundry goods ignite is chewed through burning chewed foundry goods from burning and eject, the height of firebreak is 90～100cm; Ventilation unit also includes blower fan and bellows, and bellows link to each other with a blast pipe under placing fire grate, and the bellows bottom is a slice steel plate, and it and fire grate have a spacing to constitute air compartment, and a bit of steel plate is arranged at its top, is close near the fire grate bottom of raising the coal mouth.

The utility model is by improving burner and ventilation unit on the prior art basis, realize three phase-splittings and in the strong rotary combustion that mixes, impel fuel completing combustion, and in rotation, injection and collision, impel dust to separate with flue gas, reach the purpose of smoke abatement and dust control, it has following advantage:

1. social benefit and environmental benefit:

The utility model guarantees that during ordinary production chimney do not smolder, and smoke dust discharge concentration is less than 200mg/m3; Blackness of exhaustion is less than lingemann blackness 1 grade standard; Toxic and harmful is realized the environment protection standard discharging; this is to protection and improve local ecological environment; agricultural production and people's physical and mental health are maintained social stability and the normal life order, promote ceramics and whole economy development will produce huge social benefit and environmental benefit.

2. economic benefit

2.1 fuel savings: according to initial estimate, the every kiln production of the utility model can economize on coal 30%.

2.2 conservation cost: the fuel structure of warm area during the utility model can be adjusted (300 ℃～600 ℃), so can change original burning bituminous coal technology into the burning anthracite.The every kiln of only this item nearly 1,000 yuan (calculating with bituminous coal and anthracite price difference 395-225=170 unit/ton) that can reduce production costs has improved the effect of middle warm area smoke abatement and dust control simultaneously again.

2.3 shorten the production cycle, improve the yearly productive capacity of kiln: the production cycle through improved down-draft kiln will shorten to about 15 days from original 20 days, takes this to improve kiln yearly productive capacity 25%.

2.4 exempt from charges for disposing pollutants: the utility model, is paid for enterprise saves a large amount of expenses so can exempt from various environmental protection charges for disposing pollutants because of realizing the environment protection standard discharging.

2.5 improve the quality of products with the market competitiveness: the utility model not only can alleviate working strength of workers greatly, improve working environment and working condition, and owing to improved the interior burning condition of kiln, stablized combustion atmosphere, thereby help improving the quality of product, reduce substandard products and waste product and produce, reduce production costs, strengthen the market competitiveness.

Below will be described in further detail the utility model by specific embodiment.

Fig. 1 is the utility model principal section figure.

Fig. 2 is the A-A profile of Fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is that the K of Fig. 1 is to view.

Fig. 4 chews foundry goods principal section figure for burning among Fig. 1.

Fig. 5 chews the foundry goods vertical view for burning among Fig. 1.

Fig. 6 is the foundry goods principal section figure that ignites among Fig. 1.

Fig. 7 is the foundry goods vertical view of igniting among Fig. 1.

Fig. 8 is that the B of Fig. 7 is to view.

Fig. 9 is the front view of secondary air chamber among Fig. 1.

Figure 10 is the vertical view of Fig. 9.

Figure 11 is for burning the front view of chewing among Fig. 1.

Figure 12 is the B-B profile of Figure 11.

Figure 13 is the ventilation unit front view.

Figure 14 is the principal section figure of ventilation unit.

Figure 15 is the fire grate front view.

As Fig. 1, Fig. 2 and shown in Figure 3, the utility model is by the kiln body, burner and ventilation unit are formed, the kiln body is by kiln wall 1, wicket and kiln top constitute, burner includes the combustion chamber, firebreak 9, bocca 7, fire grate 8, ventilation unit includes branch flue, flue collector and chimney, it is characterized in that in the combustion chamber of burner, also containing the high-strength refractory foundry goods, it is to chew the carrier foundry goods by burning, burning chew 4 and secondary air chamber 5 form, burning chews that the carrier foundry goods is chewed foundry goods 3 by burning and the foundry goods 6 of igniting is formed, as Fig. 5, Fig. 6, Fig. 7 and shown in Figure 8, there is a perforation 14 in the central authorities of chewing foundry goods 3 in burning, the top in hole 14 is the streamline structure of abduction, make flame in the injection process, can scatter, central authorities at the foundry goods 6 of igniting have one to inhale fire hole 15, curved streamline structure in the bottom in hole 15 is, so that flame and combustible are introduced suction fire hole 15, there is a fresh air inlet 16 its side, burning is chewed the carrier foundry goods and is chewed 4 carrier as secondary air chamber 5 and special burning, it can be divided into the combustion chamber main combustion chamber and fire the chamber again, and cooperate with bottom cloth wind process, promote the realization of three burning phase-splitting technologies; Burning is chewed 4 and is formed by high-strength heat-resistant steel casting, as Figure 11, shown in Figure 12, it is hollow cylindrical, the wind distributing hole 20 that is being equally spaced and is upwards cutting sth. askew in the side of hollow cylinder, the angle between the axis of this wind distributing hole 20 and the axis of hollow cylinder is greater than 90 °, less than 180 °, make secondary air after this wind distributing hole 20 enters, can realize the strong rotary combustion that mixes in the flame, play ejector action, so that the accelerated combustion process reaches the smoke abatement and dust control purpose.As Fig. 9, shown in Figure 10, secondary air chamber 5 is hollow cylinders, go to the bottom on it hole is all arranged, bottom outlet 17 diameters are greater than lower bottom hole 18 diameters on it, make burn chew 4 can be placed in one between, its side has a hole to link to each other with secondary wind inleting tube 19, and secondary wind inleting tube 19 is connected with blower fan 11, and blower fan 11 is chewed 4 by secondary air chamber 5 for burning and realized that the interior strong rotary combustion that mixes provides required wind.Burning is chewed 4 to be placed in the secondary air chamber 5, its top is chewed foundry goods 3 with burning and is connected, the bottom is connected with the foundry goods 6 of igniting, secondary wind inleting tube 19 can pass fresh air inlet 16 and be connected with blower fan, then burning being chewed the carrier foundry goods is fixedly connected in the refractory wall 2 on the kiln wall 1, the flame that sucks the foundry goods of igniting is chewed through burning chewed foundry goods from burning and eject, enter and fire the chamber again.The height of firebreak 9 is increased to 95cm, is convenient to the mixing again of air and flame in the combustion chamber, prolong burning time, increase the dedusting dynamics.Figure 13, Figure 14 and shown in Figure 15, ventilation unit also includes blower fan 11 and bellows, bellows are connected with a blast pipe 22 under placing fire grate 8, the bellows bottom is a slice steel plate 23, and it and fire grate 8 have a spacing to constitute air compartment, and a bit of steel plate 24 is arranged at its top, be close near the bottom of raising the fire grate 8 of coal mouth 25, make the wind that comes out by air compartment can not enter this section fire grate top and contact with coal, the formation precombustion chamber, blower fan 11 is connected with blast pipe 22 and secondary wind inleting tube 21 respectively.Its operation principle is: owing to add the high-strength refractory foundry goods with special construction and streamline in former combustion chamber, make former combustion chamber be divided into three parts, and cooperate with bottom cloth wind process, formed on three functions characteristic separately on the plane, the relatively independent combustion zone that interknits again on the structure: i.e. destructive distillation preheating zone, main combustion band and coke after-flame band, look up from vertical, it constitutes two combustion chambers, be the main combustion chamber of bottom and the chamber of combustion again on top, like this, when fuel adds fashionable from raising the coal mouth, at first in precombustion chamber, heat destructive distillation under the anaerobic condition relatively, the inflammable substance (volatile matter and a small amount of coal dust that produce, carbon black) under the stack draught effect, in kiln, also upwards flow and in main combustion chamber, burn, wherein imperfect combustion inflammable substance and the dust of part upwards entering the suction fire hole under the draft effect, there is a burning to chew owing to inhale the fire hole top, impel and enter flue gas and the combustible of inhaling fire hole, dust etc. mix with secondary air, and rotary combustion (being second-time burning), in rotary course, remove simultaneously the part dust in the flue gas, and suppress the bottom coal dust and raise up, finish primary dust removing.Through abundant peroxide mix and primary dust removing after the flue gas eddy flow again under effect of inertia to quicken to flow from the horizontal by being approximately 60 ° of angles direction in kiln, and bump against with firebreak, because of the height of firebreak is increased to 90～100cm from original 65cm, make that the eddy flow flue gas that is ejected by perforation can not be directly to saggar, enter in the kiln, and after must being subjected to the firebreak collision, compeling its flow velocity slows down, kinetic energy disappears and dedusting, promptly realize two-stage dust removal, increase the firebreak height simultaneously, force flue gas up along firebreak, take this time that prolong smoke arrives bocca, making through the mixed flue gas of abundant peroxide has abundant burning time, guarantee combustible completing combustion, reach the smoke elimination purpose.Combustible after the dedusting in the flue gas (mainly being that CO, volatilization grade) the coke after-flame band top of rebounding again, meet with red-hot high temperature and burn, so far, combustible in the flue gas is clean with regard to completing combustion, become high temperature gas flow or flame is gone out bocca, enter in the kiln, thereby finish three phase-splittings and interior strong mixed combustion, two-stage dedusting, three processes of combustion again, reached the purpose of smoke abatement and dust control.

Claims (3)

1. but the down-draft kiln of a smoke abatement and dust control, it is by the kiln body, burner and ventilation unit are formed, the kiln body is by the kiln wall, wicket and kiln top constitute, burner includes the combustion chamber, firebreak, bocca, fire grate, ventilation unit includes branch flue, flue collector and chimney, it is characterized in that in the combustion chamber of burner, also containing the high-strength refractory foundry goods, it is to chew the carrier foundry goods by burning, what burning was chewed and secondary air chamber is formed, burning chews that the carrier foundry goods is chewed foundry goods by burning and the foundry goods of igniting is formed, there is a perforation in the central authorities of chewing foundry goods in burning, the top in hole is the streamline structure of abduction, central authorities at the foundry goods of igniting have one to inhale fire hole, curved streamline structure in the bottom in hole is; There is a fresh air inlet its side, burning is chewed and is hollow cylindrical, the wind distributing hole that is being equally spaced and is upwards cutting sth. askew in the side of hollow cylinder, secondary air chamber is a hollow cylinder, go to the bottom on it hole is all arranged, bottom diameter is greater than the lower bottom hole diameter on it, its side has a hole to link to each other with secondary wind inleting tube, and secondary wind inleting tube is connected with blower fan, burns to chew to place in the secondary air chamber, its top is chewed foundry goods with burning and is connected, the bottom is connected with the foundry goods of igniting, and then, burning is chewed the carrier foundry goods be fixedly connected in the refractory wall on the kiln wall, the flame that sucks the foundry goods ignite is chewed through burning chewed foundry goods from burning and eject, the height of firebreak is 90～100cm; Ventilation unit also includes blower fan and bellows, and bellows link to each other with a blast pipe under placing fire grate, and the bellows bottom is a slice steel plate, and it and fire grate have a spacing to constitute air compartment, and a bit of steel plate is arranged at its top, is close near the fire grate bottom of raising the coal mouth.

2. but the down-draft kiln of smoke abatement and dust control according to claim 1 is characterized in that burning angle between the axis of the axis of chewing the wind distributing hole (20) on (4) and hollow cylinder greater than 90 °, less than 180 °.

3. but the down-draft kiln of smoke abatement and dust control according to claim 1, the height that it is characterized in that firebreak (9) is 95cm.

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