Bottom Lining Structure of Blast Furnace
The utility model belongs to a kind of blast furnace hearth and bottom refractory lining structure, is specially adapted to 1000m
3The above blast furnace hearth and bottom liner of level.
Current for prolonging the blast furnace hearth life-span, popular in the world two kinds of solutions: heat conduction method and refractory materials method.The know-why and the measure of these two kinds of technical systems are not quite similar, but the two all is the feasible measure that prolongs the blast furnace hearth and bottom life-span.
1, heat pressure charcoal brick cupola well bottom lining structure is a heat conduction method cupola well bottom lining design.This structure is proposed and is implemented on more than 300 blast furnace in the world by U.S. UCAR company, has obtained success.Its characteristics are: the hot pressing fritter brick fuel that adopts " pressure sintering " to produce in cupola well " head of garlic shape " abnormal erosion district; because heat pressure charcoal brick has characteristics such as very high thermal conductivity, anti-molten iron perviousness, chemical resistance of concrete and anti-mechanical erosion; cooling effect by cooling stave; 1150 ℃ of thermoisopleths (molten steel solidification line) can be pushed to the cupola well center as far as possible; and can form one deck protectiveness " slag crust " or " iron-clad " at the carbon brick hot side makes brick fuel avoid the molten iron infiltration, wash away and alkali-metal chemical erosion and thermal stress damage, to prolong its work-ing life.But this kind structure is owing to have relatively high expectations to cooling system, and heat pressure charcoal brick has high thermal conductivity, and when not reaching thermal equilibrium (when slag crust or iron-clad do not form), the cupola well thermosteresis is bigger.Initial in addition slag crust or the iron-clad that forms, unstable under the situation of working of a furnace fluctuation, be easy to come off.
2, ceramic cup cupola well bottom lining structure is a refractory materials method cupola well bottom lining design.This structure is applied on more than 30 blast furnace in the whole world in nearly 10 years, and has been obtained success by the exploitation of French SAVOIE company.The characteristics of this structure are: adopt micropore bulk brick fuel to build by laying bricks or stones in the blast furnace hearth and bottom zone, cupola well wall circular brick fuel inboard is built large-scale brown corundum prefabricated section by laying bricks or stones, build 2~3 layers of mullite brick above the furnace bottom brick fuel by laying bricks or stones, in this zone, form the pottery liner of a cup-shaped, i.e. so-called " ceramic cup ".The principal feature of ceramic cup is to utilize the ceramic material of low heat conduction, and 1150 ℃ of thermoisopleths are arrested in the ceramic layer, makes brick fuel avoid 800~1100 ℃ of brittle rupture temperature ranges.Because the existence of ceramic cup does not directly contact molten iron with brick fuel, from structure design alleviated molten iron and basic metal to the infiltration of brick fuel, wash away and destruction such as chemical erosion.Used mullite, brown corundum etc. all are the ceramic materials of low heat conduction, have higher anti-molten iron perviousness, anti-mechanical erosion etc., and the cupola well thermosteresis are little, can improve 18~25 ℃ of molten iron temperatures.But because this structure adopts micropore bulk brick fuel, after the cupola well ceramic cup disappeared, brick fuel will directly contact with molten iron, and some defectives of micropore bulk brick fuel will come out, and still exist the hidden danger of formation " head of garlic shape " abnormal erosion and cupola well ring crack.
For modern large blast furnace, its life-span should reach more than 15 years, therefore adopted the high-quality novel refractory, improved cupola well bottom lining project organization, was the effective measure that prolong blast furnace campaign.
The purpose of this utility model will overcome above-mentioned the deficiencies in the prior art exactly, a kind ofly can satisfy the blast furnace production requirement thereby design, and its life-span meets or exceeds the novel cupola well bottom lining structure in 15 years.
In order to reach purpose of design, the utility model with heat conduction method and refractory materials method molten be one, adopt heat pressure charcoal brick-ceramic cup combination cupola well bottom lining structure.Furnace bottom is completely spread on the bulk brick fuel, and the central zone is built by laying bricks or stones and do not come brick (ceramic blanket), and the neighboring area is built heat pressure charcoal brick by laying bricks or stones; Cupola well wall inboard is built brown corundum prefabricated section (ceramic wall) by laying bricks or stones, builds heat pressure charcoal brick by laying bricks or stones below the iron mouth medullary ray of the outside, builds cupola well annular bulk brick fuel more than the iron mouth medullary ray by laying bricks or stones.
The characteristics of this cupola well bottom lining are to build hot pressing fritter brick fuel by laying bricks or stones in cupola well " garlic is pointed " abnormal erosion district, completely spread brick fuel top at furnace bottom and build mullite brick by laying bricks or stones, build brown corundum prefabricated section by laying bricks or stones in cupola well wall inboard, form a heat pressure charcoal brick---ceramic cup cupola well furnace bottom combined inner lining structure.This structure has the technological merit of heat pressure charcoal brick and ceramic cup concurrently and maximizes favourable factors and minimizes unfavourable ones, give full play to the two technical superiority separately, can stop the molten iron infiltration, alleviate the molten iron mechanical erosion, eliminate " head of garlic shape " abnormal erosion and cupola well ring crack, simultaneously can also reduce the cupola well thermosteresis, improve molten iron temperature, can prolong blast furnace campaign significantly.
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing the utility model is done detailed explanation.
With useful volume 2536m
3Blast furnace be example, cupola well diameter 11560mm, ladle heel layer depth 2200mm, 3 iron mouths.Blast furnace hearth and bottom adopts heat pressure charcoal brick---ceramic cup combined inner lining structure.The blast furnace hearth and bottom liner mainly is made up of six parts.
1, furnace bottom is completely spread the bulk brick fuel for 4 layers;
2,3 layers of ceramic blanket of furnace bottom (mullite brick);
3, the inboard 5 layers of ceramic wall (brown corundum prefabricated section) of cupola well wall;
4, following, the cupola well furnace bottom intersection (i.e. " head of garlic shape " abnormal erosion district) of cupola well wall outside iron mouth medullary ray is close to cooling stave, builds 26 layers of hot pressing fritter brick fuel altogether by laying bricks or stones;
5, more than the cupola well wall outside iron mouth medullary ray, build 6 layers of annular bulk brick fuel altogether by laying bricks or stones;
6, cupola well annular brick fuel and ceramic wall are built high alumina brick (Al by laying bricks or stones with below the uptake modular tile
2O
3〉=80%).
As shown in Figure 1, on furnace bottom carbonaceous screed-coat 14, completely spread 4 layers of bulk brick fuel 7, total thickness 1768mm, furnace bottom completely spread between brick fuel 7 and the cooling stave 12, adopt carbonaceous to smash material 13 and fill.Completely spread on the brick fuel 7 for the 4th layer, furnace bottom central zone laid on end mullite brick 4 is as the 1st layer of ceramic blanket.This brick adopts herring-bone to build by laying bricks or stones, is the inclined-plane along the two sides of brick alignment direction brick and stings and build the structure (see figure 2), to strengthen the stability of masonry.Around the mullite brick 4, be close to cooling stave 12 and build heat pressure charcoal brick 8 by laying bricks or stones.Adopt carbonaceous to smash material between mullite brick 4 and the heat pressure charcoal brick 8 and tamp, in order to absorb the thermal expansion of mullite brick 4.The 2nd layer of ceramic blanket is mullite brick 3, masonry construction and the 1st layer of identical (see figure 3) of ceramic blanket.Build heat pressure charcoal brick 8 around the mullite brick 3 by laying bricks or stones, leave the slit of 60mm between mullite brick 3 and the heat pressure charcoal brick 8, adopting carbonaceous to smash material 10 fills, its effect is to absorb the thermal expansion that mullite 3 produces, and smash material 10 by carbonaceous and make closely contact between mullite brick 3 and the heat pressure charcoal brick 8, help carrying out thermal conduction.
The 3rd layer of ceramic blanket is mullite brick 2, because the 3rd layer of ceramic blanket contact with molten iron, is the seepage that prevents molten iron and the come-up of mullite brick 2, and this layer ceramic blanket employing annular is built (see figure 5) by laying bricks or stones, and also is that the block structure is stung on the inclined-plane on radial direction between every ring.The 3rd layer of ceramic blanket centre is a truncated cone-shaped center brick 5 of being made up of 2 blocks of brown corundum prefabricated sections, between center brick 5 and the mullite brick 2 the 50mm slit arranged, and adopts pottery to smash material 6 and tamps, to prevent that molten iron is along the downward seepage of brickwork joint.Around the 3rd layer of ceramic blanket mullite brick 2, build the 1st layer of ceramic wall palm fibre corundum prefabricated section 1 by laying bricks or stones, adopt the inclined-plane to sting block between the 3rd layer of ceramic blanket mullite brick 2 and the 1st layer of ceramic wall palm fibre corundum prefabricated section 1, to guarantee closely contact between ceramic blanket and the ceramic wall, prevent molten iron seepage and ceramic blanket come-up, and can strengthen the resistance to overturning of masonry.Between the 2nd layer of ceramic blanket end face and the 1st layer of ceramic wall bottom surface, edge has been filled out ceramic fiber 16.
Totally 5 layers of cupola well ceramic walls, every layer of staggered up and down building by laying bricks or stones of two adjacent brown corundum prefabricated sections 1, every layer of horizontal direction do not have straight joint, for strengthening the resistance to overturning of masonry, at the huyashi-chuuka (cold chinese-style noodles) of ceramic wall, adopt key brick 19 to connect between adjacent two brown corundum prefabricated sections 1, see Fig. 5, Fig. 6.At cupola well furnace bottom intersection, ceramic wall is the oblique angle transition, and thickness increases, and with the mechanical erosion that opposing molten iron circulation produces, sees Fig. 1.Iron oral region ceramic wall is the convex structure (see figure 7), and molten iron acutely washes away when tapping a blast furnace in order to opposing.The ceramic wall outside below the iron mouth medullary ray, is close to cooling stave and is built heat pressure charcoal brick 8 by laying bricks or stones; More than the iron mouth medullary ray, build cupola well Ring Type Carbon brick 9 by laying bricks or stones, fill carbonaceous between annular brick fuel 9 and the cooling stave 12 and smash material 13.All leave the dilatation joint of 60mm between ceramic wall and heat pressure charcoal brick and the cupola well annular brick fuel, fill carbonaceous in it and smash material 10,, and help carrying out thermal conduction with the radial thermal expansion of absorption ceramic wall.Also inlay between the high alumina brick 18 on ceramic wall and cupola well top and filled out ceramic fiber 17, be used for absorbing the between centers thermal expansion of ceramic wall, see Fig. 1.
The mechanical damage that furnace charge causes the ceramic cup hot side when preventing blow-on, and after the blow-on owing to the too fast thermal stresses that produces of ceramic cup heat-up rate, built one deck clay brick 11 by laying bricks or stones at the ceramic cup hot side, as protection tile, see Fig. 1.
The utility model with heat conduction method and refractory materials method cupola well bottom lining design system molten be one, concentrated the technological merit of heat pressure charcoal brick and ceramic cup, the two replenishes mutually, has lot of advantages:
1, prevents the molten iron infiltration owing to adopt the pottery refractory materials of low heat conduction, 1150 ℃ of thermoisopleths are arrested in the ceramic layer, special project organization and the material coefficient of thermal expansion of ceramic cup tightens brickwork joint in addition, reduces molten iron to greatest extent the infiltration of brick fuel is corroded.
2, mobile the washing away that alleviates molten iron adopts ceramic cup that rational ladle heel layer depth must be arranged, generally be about 20% of cupola well diameter, the ladle heel layer depth is reasonable, and the flow direction of molten iron in cupola well changed to some extent, thereby can reduce the mechanical erosion of molten iron to furnace bottom and cupola well wall.
3, improve the cupola well thermostability, reduce the cupola well thermosteresis and adopt after the ceramic cup, can improve 18~25 ℃ of molten iron temperatures, can reduce process energy consumption, and created favourable condition for STEELMAKING PRODUCTION.
4, help blast furnace operating because cupola well hot reserve amount increases, make the blast furnace easy handling, for promote the blast furnace stable smooth operation, enliven cupola well, multiple character and conduct makes to smelt low silicon, low-sulfur pig iron, reduction fuel consumption etc. that good condition is provided, and can reduce that cupola well is piled up, accidents such as slag are irritated in the air port.
5, prolong significantly blast furnace campaign ceramic cup and heat pressure charcoal brick between smash material by carbonaceous and connect, both are closely contacted.Ceramic cup plays the protection use to heat pressure charcoal brick under hot conditions, it is not directly contacted with molten iron, thereby can avoid molten iron and alkali-metal infiltration, mechanical erosion and chemical erosion.Utilize the ceramic material of low heat conduction simultaneously, 800~1100 ℃ of thermoisopleths (brick fuel fragility fracture temperature of reaction) are arrested in the ceramic layer for a long time, make brick fuel avoid the temperature range of brittle rupture.And the thermal conductivity of heat pressure charcoal brick, anti-molten iron perviousness, chemical resistance of concrete and thermal stress resistance ability etc. all are better than micropore bulk brick fuel and common bulk brick fuel, can utilize the high thermal conductivity of heat pressure charcoal brick, for ceramic cup provides effective cooling, thereby prolong the work-ing life of ceramic cup.Even after ceramic cup occurs damaged or disappears; heat pressure charcoal brick will directly contact with molten iron; because heat pressure charcoal brick has very high thermal conductivity, anti-molten iron perviousness, chemical resistance of concrete; still can rely on effective cooling effect; make its hot side generate the slag crust or the iron-clad of protectiveness, prolong blast furnace campaign to greatest extent.
6, cupola well furnace bottom heat pressure charcoal brick---ceramic cup combined inner lining structure has been concentrated the elite of heat conduction method and refractory materials design system, maximize favourable factors and minimize unfavourable ones, only high-quality novel refractories such as the domestic heat pressure charcoal brick that still can not produce and ceramic cup have been introduced at the key part (as " head of garlic shape " abnormal erosion district) of cupola well furnace bottom, home-made bulk brick fuel, mullite brick, high alumina brick, clay brick etc. are then adopted in most of zone of cupola well furnace bottom, save a large amount of foreign exchange investments, met the physical condition of China's actual conditions and each enterprise.
7, simplify construction technology, help improving the brickwork quality, be convenient to furnace construction engineering, and ceramic wall palm fibre corundum prefabricated section is a lumpy structure, has adopted special-purpose lifting device, construction technology is simplified, shorten the construction period because the heat pressure charcoal brick shape is less.And the manufacturing accuracy of heat pressure charcoal brick and ceramic cup material is higher, and scale error is very little, helps improving the brickwork quality.
Effect of the present utility model is to prolong the cupola well life of bottom significantly, slows down the erosion of cupola well bottom lining, improves molten iron temperature, reduce the cupola well thermosteresis, reduce process energy consumption, promote the blast furnace stable smooth operation, help blast furnace operating, estimate that its life-span can reach more than 15 years.For 1000m
3The blast furnace that level is above has higher popularization and application values.
Attached with explanation:
Fig. 1 is a cupola well furnace bottom heat pressure charcoal brick---ceramic cup combined inner lining structure iron
The 1st layer of ceramic blanket synoptic diagram of Fig. 2 furnace bottom
Fig. 3 is the 2nd layer of ceramic blanket synoptic diagram of furnace bottom
Fig. 4 is the 3rd layer of ceramic blanket synoptic diagram of furnace bottom
Fig. 5 is a ceramic wall masonry construction synoptic diagram
Fig. 6 is a ceramic wall key brick johning knot composition
Fig. 7 is iron oral region ceramic wall masonry construction figure
Wherein:
1 brown corundum prefabricated section MONOCORAL
2 mullite brick MS
4
3 mullite brick MS
4
4 mullite bricks
5 center bricks (brown corundum prefabricated section MONOCORAL)
6 potteries are smash material CORAL
7 furnace bottoms are completely spread brick fuel
8 hot pressing fritter brick fuel NMA
9 cupola wells annular bulk brick fuel
10 carbonaceous are smash material AMC66K
11 clay bricks
12 cooling staves
13 carbonaceous are smash material
14 carbonaceous screed-coats
15 carbonaceous are smash material RP
4
16 ceramic fiber CARTOLANE
17 ceramic fiber CARTOLANE
18 high alumina bricks
19 key bricks
Embodiment
Certain blast furnace is in air-supply operation on August 9th, 1994, and the cupola well furnace bottom has adopted heat pressure charcoal brick---ceramic cup combined inner lining structure.
Blast furnace opening one year over, production grows steadily, blast furnace useful volume utilization coefficient is stabilized in 2.2t/ (m
3.d) about, ratio of putting coke into furnace 410kg/t, coal be than 90kg/t, fuel ratio 500kg/t.The blast furnace hearth working condition is very normal, cupola well do not occur and piles up, and accidents such as slag are irritated in the air port.The cupola well thermal load is about 3500~4000W/m
2, each position thermopair observed temperature of cupola well furnace bottom changes steadily.Blast furnace hearth is active, hot reserve is sufficient, easy handling, and fuel consumption is lower.Under the identical condition of molten iron [Si] content, this blast-melted temperature is higher 15~25 ℃ than other blast furnaces, for STEELMAKING PRODUCTION has been created favourable condition.Production practice prove: heat pressure charcoal brick---ceramic cup cupola well furnace bottom combined inner lining The Application of Technology, obtained following first-stage success:
1 cupola well heat is abundant, and furnace cylinder working is evenly active, and the cupola well thermosteresis reduces, and molten iron temperature improves 15~25 ℃ than other blast furnaces.Since the blast furnace opening, accidents such as cupola well accumulation, air port filling do not occurred, air port loss number only is about half of other blast furnaces;
2 because furnace cylinder working is evenly active, and heat is abundant, and fuel ratio reduces, and has created favourable condition for improving injecting coal quantity.November nineteen ninety-five, blast furnace feeding coke ratio 415kg/t, but coal is than 96kg/t, nut coke 5kg/t, fuel ratio 516kg/t, injection rate 18.6%.But because the inclined to one side end of wind-warm syndrome (annual only is 950 ℃); Air blast does not have the influence of unfavorable factors such as oxygen enrichment and crude fuel condition variation, has limited the further raising of injecting coal quantity;
3 help the smelting of low silicon low-sulfur pig iron.Because cupola well physics heat is abundant, created condition for smelting low silicon low-sulfur pig iron.In 1~November of nineteen ninety-five, it is 0.428% that molten iron contains [Si], and [S] is 0.02%, and under the same crude fuel condition, be 0.49% another blast-melted containing [Si] that volume is identical with this blast furnace, and [S] is 0.0018%.
4 shorten the furnace compound wind time.Behind the blast furnace staying, owing to keep higher heat deposit in the cupola well, so furnace compound wind is rapid, is easy to return to normal working of a furnace state, and slag iron temperature drop is little behind the multiple wind, the phenomenon of slag iron discharging difficulty behind the multiple wind do not occur.
5 slag iron physics heat improves, the mobile improvement, and the sticking ditch phenomenon of slag significantly reduces, and has reduced the stokehold working strength of workers, has improved labor condition.
6 cupola wells, furnace bottom electric thermo-couple temperature change steadily, and mean daily temperature is changed to ± and 0~10 ℃.Blow-on one year over, thermoelectric side average temperature rising speed only is 0.7~1.5 ℃/month.Machine analog calculation as calculated, 1150 of this blast furnace ℃ of thermoisopleths are positioned near the ceramic cup hot side at present, and ceramic cup does not still have obvious erosion.
Main technical details
Blast furnace useful volume 2536m
3
Cupola well diameter 11560mm
Height of the furnace hearth 4200mm
Ladle heel layer depth 2200mm
Several 3 of iron mouth
Furnace bottom thickness 2800mm
Furnace bottom ceramic blanket thickness 1032mm
Furnace bottom is completely spread brick fuel thickness 1768mm
Furnace bottom ceramic layer and brick fuel layer thickness were than 1: 1.7
Cupola well ceramic wall vertical section thickness 400mm
Iron oral region ceramic wall thickness 840mm
Cupola well heat pressure charcoal brick vertical section thickness 1237mm
Ceramic wall external diameter 12060mm
Ceramic wall internal diameter 11260mm
Ceramic wall height 4950mm
Heat pressure charcoal brick height 3013.4mm