CN2261684Y - High-efficiency multiplier for lead accumulator - Google Patents
High-efficiency multiplier for lead accumulator Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN2261684Y CN2261684Y CN 96243488 CN96243488U CN2261684Y CN 2261684 Y CN2261684 Y CN 2261684Y CN 96243488 CN96243488 CN 96243488 CN 96243488 U CN96243488 U CN 96243488U CN 2261684 Y CN2261684 Y CN 2261684Y
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- storage battery
- circuit
- resistance
- negative pole
- positive pole
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 10
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000005670 sulfation reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000019635 sulfation Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead(0) Chemical compound [Pb] WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SMBGWMJTOOLQHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead;sulfuric acid Chemical compound [Pb].OS(O)(=O)=O SMBGWMJTOOLQHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010616 electrical installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical compound [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008676 import Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002161 passivation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002028 premature Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005987 sulfurization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004073 vulcanization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009941 weaving Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Landscapes
- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
The high-efficiency multiplier for lead accumulator is assembled onto lead accumulator to prolong its service life by 3-5 times. The circuit is characterized by comprising a resistor R1Voltage stabilizing tube WD1Forming a protective circuit, diode D1Capacitor C2Fuse RD, resistor R6Voltage stabilizing tube WD2Form a protective voltage stabilizing circuit, a resistor R2、R3、R4、R5Capacitor C1And a single junction transistor BG1Forming a pulse circuit, and outputting a pulse signal consisting of a triode BG2、BG3Resistance R7、R8Shaping the diode circuit and outputting to a resistor R9、R10、R11、R12Diode D1Voltage stabilizing tube WD3And a triode BG4The superposition is completed to achieve the purpose of prolonging the service life of the battery.
Description
The utility model relates to the efficient multiplier of a kind of lead accumulator, and this multiplier is installed between the storage battery positive and negative electrode, can prolong storage battery useful life effectively.
Lead accumulator as one of DC power supply device has it to use widely at present, as automobile, train, steamer and communication, weaving, generating, mine or the like.On its dc suppling equipment, be about 1 year the useful life of a storage battery on the automobile, and under the situation of running frequency height, vehicle condition difference, as taxi, communications and transportation car, 2 years just need three storage batterys.Storage battery in the battery vehicle in mine, its life-span is just ofer short duration, and four, five months at least, 1 year at most.
How to address this problem, thereby beyond it improves the quality of storage battery own, be the problem of tackling of key scientific and technical problems the useful life of improving storage battery always.Cause the so short-lived reason of storage battery, this will discuss from the internal structure of storage battery itself.Main cause is that positive plate produces the burn into distortion, the coming off of active material; The active material of negative plate in use produces passivation, and produces irreversible sulfation, makes polar board surface present fine and close sulfuric acid lead layer, and has lost the capacity of oneself.Cause main cause that the pole plate burn into damages be positive plate when work, metallic lead generation chemical reaction, oxidized causing.The corrosion of pole plate makes the metal surface oxide-film occur, and it produces pressure to the metal surface, causes the grid distortion, swells.Because oxide-film is very hard, and promote coagulability, grid is distortion in a single day, and oxide-film just splits, and causes active material to come off, and causes the grid premature damage.Because active material comes off in the storage battery bottom, cause the self discharge aggravation again, lost retention of charge, cause storage battery to lose effect prematurely.Irreversible sulfation reaction is to cause negative electrode grid can not save the main cause of normal electric charge.Because the sulfuric acid lead layer that this natural vulcanization reaction presents makes the grid surface become tight hard, the hole of active material becomes gradually and reduces, and causes the real surface of active material to reduce, and the stored charge energy decreases causes damage.
In the past, Patent Office of the People's Republic of China's disclosed ZL95221558 lead accumulator life-prolonging device, to the lead accumulator sulphur removal and suppress self discharge, improve life of storage battery aspect truly have break through.But also have a lot of deficiencies in its circuit global design, the line design components and parts are more, yet the failure rate of complete machine is higher, the cost height, adopt some homemade triodes in the circuit, as the 3AX pipe, this triode is a germanium material PNP pipe, temperature characterisitic is poor, anti-overheated ability, thermal breakdown easily, reverse breakdown voltage is low, overload capacity is poor, damages easily; Electric leakage is big, and power consumption is big, the square wave instability; Stronger to circumstance of temperature difference sensitiveness, parameter changes greatly, from the characteristic curve of itself as can be seen.In addition, circuit is respectively with G
A, G
BTwo pipes become an effective PUT programmable unijunction transistor and replace, and it reduces the components and parts in the circuit, thereby failure rate is low, good stability.
The purpose of this utility model is to overcome the deficiency of above-mentioned prior art and provides a kind of lead accumulator efficient multiplier, this multiplier circuit simplicity of design, and dependable performance can improve more than storage battery 3-5 in useful life times.
The utility model above-mentioned purpose solves by following technical solution.
The efficient multiplier of a kind of lead accumulator, this multiplier 2 are installed between storage battery 1 both positive and negative polarity, and circuit is formed and comprised protective circuit, protection voltage stabilizing circuit, impulse circuit, shaping circuit and supercircuit, and the protective circuit that it is characterized in that this multiplier 2 is by resistance R
1, voltage-stabiliser tube WD
1Form resistance R
1The positive pole of one termination storage battery, another termination voltage-stabiliser tube WD
1Negative pole, voltage-stabiliser tube WD
1Positive pole connect the negative pole of storage battery;
Protection voltage-stabiliser tube circuit is by diode D
2, capacitor C
2, fuse R
D, resistance R
6, voltage-stabiliser tube WD
2Form diode D
2Positive pole connects battery positive voltage, and negative pole meets electrochemical capacitor C
2Positive pole, capacitor C
2Negative pole link to each other fuse R with an end of fuse
uThe negative pole of another termination storage battery, resistance R
6One termination electrochemical capacitor C
2Positive pole, another termination voltage-stabiliser tube WD
2Negative pole, WD
2Positive pole connect the negative pole of storage battery;
Pulse-generating circuit is by resistance R
2, R
3, R
4, R
5, capacitor C
1And unijunction transistor BG
1Form R
2An end and BG
1Anode be connected the other end and R
3Be connected R
3, R
4Form the circuits for triggering of dividing potential drop circuit, R as unijunction transistor
4The negative pole of another termination storage battery, BG
1Negative electrode passes through R
5Connect the negative pole of storage battery;
Shaping circuit is by triode BG
2, BG
3, resistance R
7, R
8, triode D
3Form BG
2Emitter pass through resistance R
7Connect the negative pole of storage battery, DG
3Collector electrode pass through R
8, D
3Connect the negative pole of storage battery;
Supercircuit is by resistance R
9, R
10, R
11, R
12, diode D
1, voltage-stabiliser tube WD
3With triode BG
4Form BG in this circuit
4Emitter and diode D
1Negative pole connect diode D
1Positive pole passes through resistance R
9Be connected BG with the output of pulse shaper
4Collector electrode and R
12Connect BG
4Collector electrode pass through resistance R
12Export, be added to the positive pole of storage battery.
Can be provided with light-emitting diode D in this multiplier circuit
4And resistance R
13The display circuit of forming, light-emitting diode D
4Positive pole connects the positive pole of storage battery, resistance R
13The negative pole of another termination storage battery.
The technological thought of this product is that pulsewidth of generation is 5 ± 0.001ms, and fabric width is the square wave electric pulse more than 1/2 of power supply mean value.This square wave electric pulse constantly is applied on the pole plate of storage battery, under the excitation of this square wave, has stoped the chemical reaction of the lead metal pole plate of lead accumulator, eliminates the generation of sulfation layer, prevents the grid distortion, keeps active material not come off.Because what use is three-in-one equalizing pulse mise-a-la-masse method, also stoped acids in the electrolyte and other organic substance to the erosion of Plante-type plate, prevented rotting of pole plate.Simultaneously, under the square wave electric pulse effect, make the sulfation layer that produced produce resonance, make it loose and come off, under the effect of square wave electric pulse, can make the active material deposition, strengthened coagulability, can avoid the loose of active material and come off.Avoid the generation of storage battery self discharge thus, improved retention of charge.Test shows after storage battery is carried additionally this product, left standstill 21 days in 40 ± 2 ℃ of water-baths, and without recharging, with 350A current discharge 30 seconds, battery terminal voltage was not less than 9.45 volts under-18 ℃ of low temperature.
Its electrical installation principle is that electric pulse produces impulse waveform of circuit generation, through after the squaring circuit, exports the square-wave waveform that a frequency and amplitude all are fit to designing requirement.This square-wave waveform is compared with the level that sets in advance by supercircuit and is produced a new waveform, passes through resistance R then
12Output.The output square-wave signal that this is new is added to supply voltage simultaneously and can produces the generation that stops the sulfation layer on the storage battery, or the function that the Plante-type plate of existing sulfation layer is carried out electrolysis.Loose, decomposition appears in the oxide-film particle through electrolysis, until coming off, makes Plante-type plate recover normal function.From test shows, the inventor adopted 91 years and the 6-Q-60 and the 6-QW-100DF storage battery that vulcanized inefficacy in 93 years made capacity test, do not carry additionally two kinds of storage batterys of this product and can not fill electricity (sending electric tripping), after carrying additionally this product, charging is normal, discharge is 14.43H, the 58-76% of 11.05H discharge normal capacity.Because this circuit has utilized the intrinsic frequency characteristics of material, imported a frequency that makes its resonance, force the sulfation layer particle on the Plante-type plate grid to produce resonance, the low-resonance of effect repeatedly at square wave electric pulse is pulverized, is come off, simultaneously, the active material of Plante-type plate grid produces deposition under the electrolysis of pulse current, strengthened coagulability, makes electrolyte obtain filtering simultaneously under this effect.The function of supercircuit can also be with the stored charge energy of Plante-type plate grid, in case when being lower than rated capacity, insufficient section can be given to replenish automatically, makes storage battery be in high performance state all the time.This circuit the protection voltage stabilizing circuit in adjunction R
DFuse, its effect is: puncture in case capacitive element occurs, short circuit current moment is with R
DBlow, thereby guaranteed that storage battery can not damage because of short circuit.Show also that by test with 350A current discharge 60 seconds, terminal voltage was not less than 9.335 volts to the storage battery of carrying additionally this product under-18 ℃ of low temperature; With 300A current discharge 60 seconds, terminal voltage was not less than 7.61 volts, all is higher than the accumulator voltage of not carrying additionally this product far away, thereby has improved low-temperature startup performance under-40 ℃ of low temperature.
Test shows to the charge acceptance effect: after storage batteries requires discharge to finish fully, shelve 20-25h in 0 ± 1 ℃ of cryogenic box, take out constant voltage charge charging current in the 10min, carrying additionally this product is 28.29A, not carrying additionally this product is 21.43A, exceeds 6.86A.
This product is good through German Di Kalong accumulator testing machine test proving effect.
It is little, in light weight that the efficient multiplier of lead accumulator provided by the utility model has a volume, and protection against the tide is shockproof, simple installation, advantages such as good looking appearance; Operating temperature range is-40-60 ℃; Adopt the import components and parts, it is stable and reliable for performance, long product lifecycle.This multiplier possesses following function:
1. the useful life that can improve storage battery is more than 3-5 times;
2. after causing the storage battery accumulative total of serious sulfuration to move 20 hours, the amount of charging into of electric charge can reach more than 80%;
3. when being used, improved by automobile (40 ℃) starting performance;
4. improved the retention of charge of storage battery;
5. improve the use effect of storage battery.
Introduce the utility model specific embodiment below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
Fig. 1 is the utility model multiplier circuit figure.
Fig. 2 is the utility model user mode schematic diagram.
In the present embodiment, protective circuit is by resistance R
1, voltage-stabiliser tube WD
1Form WD
1Adopt IN47 series voltage-stabiliser tube.Resistance R
1The positive pole of one termination storage battery, another termination voltage-stabiliser tube WD
1Negative pole, voltage-stabiliser tube WD
1Positive pole connect the negative pole of storage battery, by voltage-stabiliser tube WD
1The negative pole output voltage as the input of the working power of pulse-generating circuit.
Protection voltage-stabiliser tube circuit is by D
2, C
2, R
D, R
6, WD
2Form D
1Adopt diode IN4001, C
2Adopt electrochemical capacitor 100UF/160V, R
DBe 3A fuse, WD
2Adopt voltage-stabiliser tube 6.8V.Diode D
2Positive pole connects battery positive voltage, and negative pole meets electrochemical capacitor C
2Positive pole, capacitor C
2Negative pole link to each other fuse R with an end of fuse
DThe negative pole of another termination storage battery, resistance R
6One termination electrochemical capacitor C
2Positive pole, another termination voltage-stabiliser tube WD
2Negative pole, WD
2Positive pole connect the negative pole of storage battery, electrochemical capacitor C
2Positive pole output burning voltage pass through R
6As the operating voltage of pulse shaper, WD
2Be the overvoltage protection diode.
Pulse-generating circuit is by R
2, R
3, R
4, R
5, C
1And BG
1Form R
2An end and BG
1Anode be connected the other end and R
3Be connected R
3, R
4Form the circuits for triggering of dividing potential drop circuit, R as unijunction transistor
4The negative pole of another termination storage battery, BG
1Adopting the programmable unijunction transistor model is PUT, and it is the core devices in the pulse-generating circuit, and its control utmost point meets R
3, R
4, the medial head of bleeder circuit, negative electrode passes through R
5Connect the negative pole of storage battery, the output of Pulse Electric negative electrode, capacitor C
1For 0.56uf/63V is connected in parallel on the anode and the negative electrode two ends of unijunction transistor, it also is one of main devices of pulse-generating circuit.
Shaping circuit is by BG
2, BG
3, R
7, R
8, D
3Form BG
2Adopt 8050 triodes, BG
3Adopt 9015 triodes, BG
2Collector electrode and BG
3Base stage be connected to direct coupling, can save resistive element, simplify circuit, and reached the purpose of waveform shaping.BG
2Emitter pass through resistance R
7Connect the negative pole of storage battery, BG
3Collector electrode pass through R
8, D
3Connect the negative pole of storage battery.Shaping circuit is made up of secondary.The first order is BG
2, the second level is BG
3, power supply is by BG
3Emitter insert, input is by BG
2Base stage add, shaping circuit passes through BG
3Collector electrode output.
Supercircuit is by R
9, R
1C, R
11, R
12, D
1, WD
3And BG
4Form BG in the circuit
4Adopt the A1013 transistor, its emitter and diode D
1Negative pole connect diode D
1Adopt the IN4001 model, its positive pole passes through resistance R
9Be connected BG with the output of pulse shaper
4Emitter also pass through resistance R
10With R
11, WD
3Negative pole connect WD
3Positive pole be connected BG with the positive pole of storage battery
4Collector electrode be connected with R12, by the shaped pulse of pulse shaper output, the input of the impulse waveform of supercircuit has been added to BG simultaneously
4Emitter as BG
4Working power and WD
3Negative pole, pass through resistance R again
11Be added to BG
4Base stage, at triode BG
4In finish stack work, at last by BG
4Collector electrode pass through resistance R
12Export, be added to the positive pole of storage battery.
Display circuit is by D
4, R
13Form D in the circuit
4Be red light emitting diodes, can be as the indication directly perceived of charge in batteries power supply size, R
13Be light-emitting diode D
4Load resistance, D
4Positive pole meets the positive pole of storage battery, R
13The negative pole of another termination storage battery.
Claims (2)
1. efficient multiplier of lead accumulator; this multiplier [2] is installed between storage battery [1] both positive and negative polarity; circuit is formed and is comprised protective circuit, protection voltage stabilizing circuit, impulse circuit, shaping circuit and supercircuit, and the protective circuit that it is characterized in that this multiplier [2] is by resistance R
1, voltage-stabiliser tube WD
1Form resistance R
1The positive pole of one termination storage battery [1], another termination voltage-stabiliser tube WD
1Negative pole, voltage-stabiliser tube WD
1Positive pole connect the negative pole of storage battery [1],
Protection voltage-stabiliser tube circuit is by diode D
2, capacitor C
2, fuse R
D, resistance R
6, voltage-stabiliser tube WD
2Form diode D
2Positive pole connects storage battery [1] positive pole. and negative pole meets electrochemical capacitor C
2Positive pole, capacitor C
2Negative pole link to each other fuse R with an end of fuse
DThe negative pole of another termination storage battery [1], resistance R
6One termination electrochemical capacitor C
2Positive pole, another termination voltage-stabiliser tube WD
2Negative pole, WD
2Positive pole connect the negative pole of storage battery,
Pulse-generating circuit is by resistance R
2, R
3, R
4, R
5, capacitor C
1And unijunction transistor BG
1Form R
2An end and BG
1Anode be connected the other end and R
3Be connected R
3, R
4Form the circuits for triggering of dividing potential drop circuit, R as unijunction transistor
4The negative pole of another termination storage battery [1], BG
1Negative electrode passes through R
5Connect the negative pole of storage battery,
Shaping circuit is by triode BG
2, BG
3, resistance R
7, R
8, diode D
3Form BG
2Emitter pass through resistance R
7Connect the negative pole of storage battery [1], BG
3Collector electrode pass through R
8, D
3Connect the negative pole of storage battery [1];
Supercircuit is by resistance R
9, R
10, R
11, R
12, diode D
1, voltage-stabiliser tube WD
3With triode BG
4Form BG in this circuit
4Emitter and diode D
1Negative pole connect diode D
1Positive pole passes through resistance R
9Be connected BG with the output of pulse shaper
4Collector electrode and R
2Connect BG
4Collector electrode pass through resistance R
12Export, be added to the positive pole of storage battery [1].
2. multiplier according to claim 1 is characterized in that being provided with light-emitting diode D in said multiplier [2] circuit
4And resistance R
13The display circuit of forming, light-emitting diode D
4Positive pole connects the positive pole of storage battery [1], resistance R
13The negative pole of another termination storage battery [1].
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 96243488 CN2261684Y (en) | 1996-12-16 | 1996-12-16 | High-efficiency multiplier for lead accumulator |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 96243488 CN2261684Y (en) | 1996-12-16 | 1996-12-16 | High-efficiency multiplier for lead accumulator |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN2261684Y true CN2261684Y (en) | 1997-09-03 |
Family
ID=33917140
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 96243488 Expired - Fee Related CN2261684Y (en) | 1996-12-16 | 1996-12-16 | High-efficiency multiplier for lead accumulator |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN2261684Y (en) |
-
1996
- 1996-12-16 CN CN 96243488 patent/CN2261684Y/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN1835332A (en) | Photovoltaic converter with functions of disconnecting net, connecting net, charging control and regulating power | |
| CN207960820U (en) | A kind of superbattery of vehicle launch | |
| CN204497336U (en) | Multikilowatt fuel cell lithium ion battery hybrid power device | |
| CN102664454A (en) | Non-floating charging type substation direct current power supply system based on iron lithium battery | |
| CN101017920A (en) | Physical and chemical combination repair technology of the lead acid accumulator | |
| CN201887525U (en) | Hybrid energy storage system for photovoltaic power generation system | |
| CN202545087U (en) | Automobile emergency starting device with super capacitor module | |
| CN101562343A (en) | Energy-saving method of implementing electric power peak cutting and valley filling by adopting super capacitor | |
| CN202276142U (en) | Electric vehicle, electric vehicle hybrid power source and battery pack current control circuit | |
| CN105280990A (en) | Kilowatt-scale fuel cell/lithium-ion cell hybrid power device and energy management method thereof | |
| CN206452332U (en) | A kind of wind-light complementing power generation device based on hybrid energy-storing | |
| CN2261684Y (en) | High-efficiency multiplier for lead accumulator | |
| Shah et al. | Review of ultracapacitor technology and its applications | |
| CN203840063U (en) | Energy storage apparatus | |
| CN2745230Y (en) | A lead-acid cell restoration apparatus | |
| CN202121367U (en) | Lithium battery pack charger of wind-power pitch control system | |
| CN208522480U (en) | A kind of startup power supply | |
| CN2605690Y (en) | Lossless wide-voltage-regulating pulse floating-charging accumulator complete direct current screen | |
| CN103441539B (en) | A kind of wind power pitch-controlled system assists hybrid battery and charging/discharging thereof | |
| CN105186662A (en) | Voltage-sharing protection circuit of high-current low-voltage quiescent-current supercapacitor | |
| CN205984661U (en) | Super capacitor automobile staring lithium cell | |
| CN2738407Y (en) | Device for increasing service life of lead accumulator | |
| CN2225724Y (en) | Serive life prolonging device for lead accumulator | |
| Bonduelle et al. | Telecom hybrid power battery management in full and partial state of charge | |
| CN201490289U (en) | Micro-control nano liquid crystal storage battery restore device |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| C19 | Lapse of patent right due to non-payment of the annual fee | ||
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |