CN2245826Y - Permanent-magnet superlarge moment of torque d.c. motor - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to a permanent-magnet superlarge moment of torque direct current motor. A permanent-magnet rotor can be attracted or repelled by the electromagnetic force of stator poles of the motor. The pole number ratio of the stator magnetic poles and the rotor magnetic poles is 4 to 3 or the even number times of 4 to 3. The stators are divided into four groups; coils which are connected into a loop are wound on the stator magnetic pole; the corresponding stator magnetic poles or the corresponding magnetic pole groups are in end-to-end connection. Sliding rings are uniformly arranged on the circumference below the stator magnetic poles; a carbon brush is elastically connected with the sliding rings and is connected with the rotor as a whole body. The utility model has the advantages of strong motor torque force, obvious energy saving effect, convenient speed regulation and simple fabrication.

Description

Magneto super large moment of torsion DC motor

The utility model relates to a kind of magneto super large moment of torsion DC motor, and particularly middle low speed, high pulling torque DC motor are a kind of electromechanical equipments that can use in each field such as industry, agricultural.

The operation principle of common DC motor all is based on electromagnetic force principle, and the power of the action of a magnetic field on the armature winding of energising that produces by magnetic pole of the stator drives rotor rotation.The structure of this motor is comparatively complicated, needs to use a large amount of armature winding, and itself is comparatively heavy, makees stator as not adopting permanent magnet, and then stator and rotor winding all need energising to produce electromagnetic force.Armature will produce back-emf in rotary course in addition, also will produce iron loss and other loss when armature core rotates in magnetic field, has wasted many energy.

The purpose of this utility model provides a kind of by electromagnetic attraction and the repulsion driving rotor rotation of magnetic pole of the stator to rotor with salient pole, and stator and rotor number of poles ratio is the high pulling torque DC motor of 4: 3 (or even-multiple of 4: 3).

The technical solution of the utility model is: according to the principle that the magnetic field same sex is repelled each other, there is a natural attraction between the sexes, the coil windings of stator is passed to direct current produce magnetic field.Rotor is made by permanent magnet, be embedded on the rotor subject, and magnetic direction is entad as one man arranged.Rotor magnetic pole is subjected to the effect of the suction and the repulsion of corresponding magnetic pole of the stator, promptly says by direction of rotation, and the magnetic pole of the stator that is in rotor magnetic pole the place ahead produces and the different magnetic field of rotor magnetic pole the tractive rotor magnetic pole; The magnetic pole of the stator that is in the rotor magnetic pole rear produces the magnetic field identical with rotor magnetic pole, promotes rotor magnetic pole, thereby makes the rotor rotation.In this DC motor, stator magnet number of poles and rotor magnetic pole number are the even-multiple of 4: 3 or 4: 3.Magnetic pole of the stator is divided into 4 groups, on each magnetic pole respectively around one group of parameter and the on all four coil of arrangement architecture.Each is organized the connected mode of coil and says in principle, and the corresponding magnetic pole of the stator or the coil of magnetic pole set join end to end; From producing magnetic direction, the coil head end when the carbon brush external power supply is anodal, produces consistent S pole field by the distributor slip ring, produces the N pole field when connecing power cathode.During energising, it is opposite that the stator coil head end connects the magnetic field that stator that positive source and stator coil head end connect power cathode produces.Rotor magnetic pole polarity can choose at random, but pole orientation should be consistent.Stator coil correspondingly inserts the distributor slip ring, and connects the both positive and negative polarity of DC power supply respectively by two carbon brush.Slip-ring body and stator are connected as a single entity, slip ring quantity=stator pack is counted X rotor magnetic pole number, and the interval between slip ring equates substantially that with the slip ring width slip ring gap is separated by dead slot or insulator, carbon brush flexibly contacts the distributor slip ring, and correspondingly inserts the both positive and negative polarity of DC power supply.Carbon brush and rotor are connected as a single entity and rotate synchronously, and its setting angle is adjustable.The width of two carbon brush has at least the slip ring of two correspondences to contact with carbon brush in transmission process greater than the width of two slip rings like this, thus avoided breaking phenomena and for stator around providing electric current to produce the field drives rotor rotation.The width of carbon brush, slip ring, dead slot should be designed in a transmission process, and the angle of the stressed rotation of rotor and carbon brush contact the angle that is turned on slip ring consistent.

Describe DC motor of the present utility model in detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.

Fig. 1 is that rotor magnetic pole number of poles ratio is the schematic diagram of 4: 3 DC motor.

Fig. 2 is that rotor magnetic pole number of poles ratio is the schematic diagram of 8: 6 DC motor.

Fig. 3 is that rotor magnetic pole number of poles ratio is the distributor slip ring allocation plan of 4: 3 DC motor.

Fig. 4 is the structure chart of this DC motor.

Referring to Fig. 1, the number of magnetic poles of magnetic pole of the stator 1 is 4: 3 with the ratio of the number of magnetic poles of rotor magnetic pole 2, and four stator coils 3 are divided into four groups, and promptly the D1 head is in one group on D3 tail, one group on D2 head and D4 tail, one group on D3 head and D1 tail, one group on D4 head and D2 tail.Structure, parameter and the arrangement of the coil 3 on four magnetic poles 1 are identical, and every group of coil 3 joins end to end and be connected into a loop.Totally 12 on the slip ring 4 of distributor is divided into four groups, and every triplets are arranged on the circumference equably.Slip ring 4 is as follows with the connection of stator coil 3: the head of D11 and the tail of D1 connects on the same slip ring 4, the tail of the head of D4 and D2 connects on the same slip ring 4, the tail of the head of D3 and D1 connects on the same slip ring 4, D2 and the tail of D4 connect on the same slip ring 4.Like this, adjacent four slip rings 4 slip ring 4 corresponding with other pressed four equilateral triangles of line formation among the figure.

The positive pole of power supply is by carbon brush 5 contact slip rings 4, and negative pole is by another carbon brush 6 contact slip rings 4.Two carbon brush 5,6 can be separated by 180, also can be separated by 60.After a carbon brush was located in other words, another carbon brush can be arranged on three positions.The carbon brush body is arranged to along central angle adjustable, and the change of adjustment back is sent electric direction can change motor and turned to.As can be seen from the figure, the carbon brush 5 that connects positive source forwards any position to, and one or two stator coil 3 that is connected through slip ring 4 always is in the correspondence position of one or two stator coil 3 that another carbon brush that connects power cathode 6 connected through slip ring 4.Connect the magnetic field that anodal stator coil 3 produced and be always the S utmost point, inhale mutually, play traction action with the N utmost point of rotor magnetic pole 2; Connect the magnetic field that the stator coil 3 of negative pole produced and be always the N utmost point, repel each other, play a driving role with the N utmost point of rotor magnetic pole 2.D4 scolds Z3, D3 to inhale Z2, D2 suction Z1, D1 and scolds Z1 among the figure.Rotor magnetic pole 2 promptly is subjected to the suction of the place ahead magnetic pole of the stator, is subjected to the repulsion of rear magnetic pole of the stator again, so moment of torsion is bigger.This DC motor is in whole operation process, and four magnetic pole of the stator 1 all participated in inhaling the work of scolding three rotor magnetic poles 2 in the overwhelming majority times, so torsional forces is very big, and this is that the motor of other structure at present can't be accomplished.

Fig. 2 is that rotor magnetic pole number of poles ratio is the structure principle chart (the whole magnetic poles of expression are in the course of work among the figure) of 8: 6 DC motor.Positive source contacts distributor slip rings 4 and inserts stator coil 3 through carbon brush 5 among the figure, and the D3 head connects the D5 tail, the D7 head connects the D1 tail, and inserts stator coil D2 head and D4 tail simultaneously, and the D6 head connects the D8 tail.Power cathode connects distributor slip ring 4 and inserts stator coil 3 through carbon brush 6, and the D4 head connects the D2 tail, the D5 head connects the D3 tail, and inserts stator coil D8 head and D6 tail simultaneously, and the D1 head connects the D7 tail, makes 8 magnetic pole of the stator produce magnetic field simultaneously.The action of a magnetic field of each magnetic pole is as follows: D1 repels Z6 for the S utmost point attracts Z5, D8 for the N utmost point for the S utmost point attracts Z4, D7 for the N utmost point repels Z4, D6 for the N utmost point repels Z3, D5 for the S utmost point attracts Z2, D4 for the S utmost point attracts Z1, D3 for the N utmost point repels Z1, D2.

8 stator coils 3 all connect DC power supply by carbon brush 5,6 through distributor slip ring 4 and form the loop.At this moment, this DC motor magnetic field is the strongest, and the power maximum is most effective.The stator 1 that the head of stator coil 3 connects positive source produces the S pole field, attracts, the forward N utmost point of rotor rotated 2 nearest from it, and is far away from the N of other rotor 2 utmost point because of it, so reaction force is very little.The stator 1 that the head of stator coil 3 connects power cathode produces the N pole field, repels, the forward N utmost point of rotor rotated 2 nearest from it, and is far away from the N of other rotor 2 utmost point because of it, so reaction force is very little.

Each magnetic pole of the stator all is wound with an absolute coil, and is uncorrelated with other magnetic pole of the stator, so the magnetic field that when energising produces is comparatively concentrated, owing to adopt the permanent magnet rotor magnetic pole to make full use of magnetic energy, so its energy-saving effect is remarkable.

This permanent magnetic DC motor is in operation process, and when applied load increased, because heavily loaded factor, motor speed descended.Simultaneously, the rotating speed that connects the carbon brush 5,6 on the rotor 2 also descends thereupon, has been equivalent to increase the electric power feeding time of stator coil 3, has reduced magnetic resistance and magnetic reactance.Along with their prolongation and reduction, stator coil 3 electric currents are tending towards increasing, and stator field is strengthened, and are equivalent to increase the attraction and the repulsive force of 1 pair of rotor 2 of stator, and rotating speed rises, overcome load resistance after, rotating speed tends to be steady.Otherwise, when load reduces, faster rotational speed, reduce the conduction time of stator coil 3, be equivalent to increase its magnetic resistance and magnetic reactance, reduced the electric current of stator coil 3, magnetic field intensity is tending towards weakening, and has been equivalent to reduce attraction and the repulsive force of magnetic pole of the stator to rotor magnetic pole, and rotating speed descends and tends to be steady.

With reference to Fig. 3, magnetic pole of the stator and rotor magnetic pole number of poles ratio are 4: 3 motor, and 12 distributor slip rings 4 are evenly distributed on the circumference, and slip ring 4 is fastened on the slip ring 4 by bolt 7, bolt 7 also plays a part to connect line, and each slip ring 4 is separated by dead slot or insulator 8.Each dead slot or insulator 8 play dedusting and the effect of opening circuit.The stator-rotator magnetic number of poles is that 8: 6 the distributor slip ring distributed architecture principle of DC motor is identical with this figure.

Fig. 4 is that the planing surface figure screw 9 of this DC motor is fixed together the magnetic pole of the stator of casing 10 with stator body 11, and axle 12 passes the axle center of rotor 2, and coil 3 is on magnetic pole of the stator, and slip ring 4 is by screw.Positive and negative carbon brush 5,6 has spring 13 reinforcings to contact with slip ring 4.The distributor of motor both sides and carbon brush part is only used a side, and opposite side not line gives over to and standbyly maybe need not make.Magnetic pole of the stator 1 and casing 10 adopts the circular arc of same radius to inlay to be connected rotor magnetic pole 2 to adopt stickups or is embedded on the rotor block 14.Rotor block 14 can adopt ferromagnetic material or nonferromagnetic material, and for example, aluminium alloy, engineering plastics, bakelite etc. are to alleviate motor weight.

Permanent magnet D. C. motor of the present utility model is compared with existing motor: its structure is only The spy, without the armature rotor winding, and the permanent magnet of employing same specification same polarity is saved material, Cut down the consumption of energy, torsional forces is big, the tractive dead point do not occur, and starting current is little, is convenient to speed governing, Make the advantages such as simple, particularly torsional forces is very big during its low cruise.

Claims (8)

1. a magneto high pulling torque DC motor comprises magnetic pole of the stator (1) and rotor magnetic pole (2), and the number of poles ratio that it is characterized in that magnetic pole of the stator (1) and rotor magnetic pole (2) is the even-multiple of 4: 3 or 4: 3, and magnetic pole of the stator is divided into 4 groups.

2. DC motor according to claim 1, it is characterized in that being wound with on the magnetic pole of the stator (1) independent separately, performance, the on all four stator coil of parameter (3), the corresponding magnetic pole of the stator (1) or the stator coil (3) of magnetic pole set join end to end, distributor slip ring (4) is arranged in equably on the concentric circumferences of magnetic pole of the stator (1) and with magnetic pole of the stator (1) and is connected, carbon brush (5), (6) flexibly contact and fuse through spring (13) with rotor magnetic pole (2) with slip ring (4), carbon brush (5), (6) connect the DC power supply both positive and negative polarity respectively, carbon brush (5), (6) width is greater than the width of two slip rings (4).

3. DC motor according to claim 2 is characterized in that the quantity of quantity=stator pack number (4 groups) * rotor magnetic pole of slip ring (4).

4. DC motor according to claim 2, it is characterized in that having 4 magnetic pole of the stator (1), corresponding two pole coils (3) join end to end, connected mode is followed successively by the D1 head and connects the D3 tail, the D4 head connects the D2 tail, and the D3 head connects the D1 tail, and the D2 head connects the D4 tail, head with each pole coil (3) is an order reverse access distributor slip ring (4) again, and carbon brush (5), (6) are at a distance of 180 or 60 external power supply positive and negative electrodes.

5. DC motor according to claim 2, it is characterized in that having 8 magnetic pole of the stator (1), every group two magnetic pole of the stator (1), two coils (3) head and the tail are connected to form the loop, connected mode connects the D5 tail for stator coil (3) D1 head according to this, D7 head and D1 tail, and insert stator coil D2 head and D4 tail simultaneously, D6 connects the D8 tail, power cathode connects distributor slip ring (4) and inserts stator coil (3) through carbon brush (6), the D4 head connects the D2 tail, the D5 head connects the D3 tail and inserts stator coil phase D8 head and D6 tail simultaneously, the D1 head connects the D7 tail, 4 groups of coils (3) are that benchmark inserts slip ring (4) with the head end, its the order with slip ring (4) put in order opposite, carbon brush (5), (6) external power supply just, negative pole.

6. DC motor according to claim 2 is characterized in that slip ring (4) is fastened on the slip-ring body by bolt (7), is separated by dead slot or insulator (8) between the slip ring (4), and the width of dead slot or insulator (8) and slip ring (4) about equally.

7. DC motor according to claim 2, the magnetic pole of the stator (1) that it is characterized in that stator body (11) is fixed together with screw (9) and casing (10), magnetic pole of the stator (1) is inlayed with the circular arc of casing (10) employing same radius and is connected, rotor magnetic pole (2) adopts stickup or is embedded on the rotor block (14), axle (12) passes the axle center of rotor, coil (3) is on magnetic pole of the stator, positive and negative carbon brush (5), (6) contact with slip ring (4) through spring (13), and the distributor of motor both sides and carbon brush part are only used a side.

8. DC motor according to claim 7 is characterized in that rotor magnetic pole (2) is the N utmost point, and rotor block (14) can adopt ferromagnetic material or nonferromagnetic material.

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