CN221668428U - Thermodynamic demonstration instrument - Google Patents
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Abstract
Description
技术领域Technical Field
本实用新型涉及教学实验教具技术领域,尤其涉及一种热力学演示仪。The utility model relates to the technical field of teaching experiment teaching aids, in particular to a thermodynamics demonstration instrument.
背景技术Background Art
热力学演示仪是物理教学中常用的物理教学用具,用于验证理想气体定律实验和探究改变内能的两种方式实验,能够控制单一变量探究另外两个变量的定量关系。Thermodynamics demonstrator is a commonly used physics teaching tool in physics teaching. It is used to verify the ideal gas law experiment and explore two ways to change internal energy. It can control a single variable to explore the quantitative relationship between the other two variables.
但是,目前使用的热力学教学演示仪器多为成套的热力管,加热手段通常为水浴法加热(如申请号为201721569279.0的中国专利《理想气体综合实验演示仪》),教师在课堂上演示的时候,需要进行复杂的组合和操作,仪器占用空间大、演示操作难度高。However, the thermodynamics teaching demonstration instruments currently used are mostly sets of thermal tubes, and the heating method is usually water bath heating (such as the Chinese patent "Ideal Gas Comprehensive Experiment Demonstration Instrument" with application number 201721569279.0). When teachers demonstrate in class, they need to perform complex combinations and operations. The instruments take up a lot of space and the demonstration operation is difficult.
发明内容Summary of the invention
本实用新型提供一种热力学演示仪,解决了现有的热力学教学演示仪器占用空间大,演示操作难度高的技术问题。The utility model provides a thermodynamics demonstration instrument, which solves the technical problems that the existing thermodynamics teaching demonstration instruments occupy a large space and have high demonstration operation difficulty.
为解决以上技术问题,本实用新型提供一种热力学演示仪,包括固定座,以及安装在所述固定座上的控压装置、双层注射器、加热组件和传感器组件;所述控压装置自上而下转动嵌入所述固定座,底部与所述双层注射器的前端抵接;所述双层注射器竖直放置于所述固定座内侧,下部活塞杆与所述固定座抵接;所述传感器组件的探测端、加热组件安装在所述双层注射器内腔中,并通过接线与所述传感器组件的显示端连接。In order to solve the above technical problems, the utility model provides a thermodynamic demonstrator, including a fixed seat, and a pressure control device, a double-layer syringe, a heating assembly and a sensor assembly installed on the fixed seat; the pressure control device rotates from top to bottom and is embedded in the fixed seat, and the bottom abuts against the front end of the double-layer syringe; the double-layer syringe is vertically placed on the inner side of the fixed seat, and the lower piston rod abuts against the fixed seat; the detection end and the heating assembly of the sensor assembly are installed in the inner cavity of the double-layer syringe, and are connected to the display end of the sensor assembly through wiring.
本基础方案将控压装置、双层注射器安装在固定座上,可通过控压装置压制双层注射器实现对气压的压缩控制,同时在双层注射器内安装加热组件实现对气体温度的控制,进而通过传感器组件进行实时监测观察,实现了多个传统实验仪器功能的有效组合,创造多种实验条件,方便学生感受相关物理过程,结构简单、操作简易且成本低廉。This basic solution installs a pressure control device and a double-layer syringe on a fixed seat. The double-layer syringe can be pressed by the pressure control device to achieve compression control of the gas pressure. At the same time, a heating component is installed in the double-layer syringe to control the gas temperature. Real-time monitoring and observation are then carried out through the sensor component, realizing an effective combination of the functions of multiple traditional experimental instruments, creating a variety of experimental conditions, and making it convenient for students to experience related physical processes. It has a simple structure, easy operation and low cost.
在进一步的实施方案中,所述固定座包括支撑架、卡箍和一侧开口的箱体结构,所述卡箍固定在所述支撑架上;In a further embodiment, the fixing seat comprises a support frame, a clamp and a box structure with an opening on one side, and the clamp is fixed on the support frame;
所述支撑架自上而下的依次嵌入所述箱体结构的顶板、底板,安设于所述控压装置后侧并与所述控压装置平行安装;The support frame is embedded in the top plate and the bottom plate of the box structure in sequence from top to bottom, and is installed at the rear side of the pressure control device and parallel to the pressure control device;
所述支撑架中部活动安装有十字夹;A cross clamp is movably installed in the middle of the support frame;
所述箱体结构的顶板开设有贯穿板面的螺孔。The top plate of the box structure is provided with screw holes penetrating the plate surface.
本方案设置一侧开口的箱体结构作为主体,以便于实验者观察演示仪中的变换;设置自上而下的依次嵌入所述箱体结构的顶板、底板的支撑架,结合十字夹固定卡箍,可根据不同尺寸、不同高度下的双层注射器进行自适应调节。This solution sets a box structure with an opening on one side as the main body, so that the experimenter can observe the changes in the demonstrator; a support frame is set to be embedded in the top plate and bottom plate of the box structure from top to bottom, combined with a cross clamp fixing clamp, which can be adaptively adjusted according to double-layer syringes of different sizes and heights.
在进一步的实施方案中,所述控压装置包括螺杆、螺帽及对称安装在所述螺杆末端两侧的把手,所述螺帽安装在所述箱体结构的顶板背面、正对所述螺孔;所述螺杆竖直的嵌入所述固定座的螺孔与所述螺帽螺合;所述螺杆表面设置有螺纹;所述把手一端固定在所述螺杆上,另一端设有限位凸起。In a further embodiment, the pressure control device includes a screw, a nut and handles symmetrically installed on both sides of the end of the screw, the nut is installed on the back side of the top plate of the box structure, facing the screw hole; the screw is vertically embedded in the screw hole of the fixing seat and screwed with the nut; a thread is provided on the surface of the screw; one end of the handle is fixed on the screw, and the other end is provided with a limiting protrusion.
本方案在箱体结构顶板背面安装螺帽,利用螺孔定位螺杆,利用螺帽实现螺杆的活动安装,同时提高螺杆的上下活动时的稳定性。This solution installs a nut on the back of the top plate of the box structure, uses the screw hole to position the screw, and uses the nut to achieve the movable installation of the screw, while improving the stability of the screw when it moves up and down.
在进一步的实施方案中,所述卡箍包括第一箍带和第二箍带,所述第一箍带、第二箍带通过螺钉螺接固定;In a further embodiment, the clamp comprises a first strap and a second strap, and the first strap and the second strap are fixed by screwing;
所述第一箍带的中部设有安装杆,两端设有连接块,所述连接块中央设有螺纹孔,所述安装杆的端部通过十字夹固定在所述支撑架上;A mounting rod is provided in the middle of the first hoop, and connecting blocks are provided at both ends. A threaded hole is provided in the center of the connecting block, and the ends of the mounting rod are fixed to the support frame through a cross clamp;
所述第二箍带两端设有连接块,连接块中央设有螺纹孔。The two ends of the second band are provided with connecting blocks, and the center of the connecting block is provided with a threaded hole.
本方案设置分离式的第一箍带和第二箍带,在保证安装稳定性的前提下,可以兼容不同尺寸的双层注射器。This solution provides a separate first cuff and a second cuff, which can be compatible with double-layer syringes of different sizes while ensuring installation stability.
在进一步的实施方案中,所述双层注射器包括注射器筒、活塞杆;所述注射器筒上部设有注射器筒接头,下部设有内外套设的第一圆筒、第二圆筒,所述注射器筒接头上安装有密封塞;In a further embodiment, the double-layer syringe comprises a syringe barrel and a piston rod; the syringe barrel is provided with a syringe barrel joint at the upper part, and a first cylinder and a second cylinder arranged inside and outside the lower part, and a sealing plug is installed on the syringe barrel joint;
所述第一圆筒内嵌入有所述活塞杆,其顶部与所述注射器筒接头连接、上部侧壁开设有若干个通孔;所述第二圆筒套设在所述第一圆筒外层,顶部与所述注射器筒接头连接;The piston rod is embedded in the first cylinder, the top of which is connected to the syringe barrel joint, and a plurality of through holes are opened on the upper side wall; the second cylinder is sleeved on the outer layer of the first cylinder, and the top is connected to the syringe barrel joint;
所述传感器组件的探测端、加热组件安装在第一圆筒的内腔中,其接线依次穿过所述通孔、所述第二圆筒内腔与外侧的所述显示端连接;所述通孔上还设有密封层,所述密封层包裹接线并覆盖密封所述通孔。The detection end and heating component of the sensor assembly are installed in the inner cavity of the first cylinder, and their wiring passes through the through hole, the inner cavity of the second cylinder and is connected to the display end on the outside in sequence; a sealing layer is also provided on the through hole, and the sealing layer wraps the wiring and covers and seals the through hole.
本方案设置内外套设的第一圆筒、第二圆筒得到双层注射器,通过在第一圆筒侧壁上开设通孔进行元器件安装,同时利用密封层保证气密性;套设的第二圆筒也可以进一步实现安全保护和保温效果。In this scheme, a double-layer syringe is obtained by arranging a first cylinder and a second cylinder which are arranged inside and outside. Through holes are opened on the side wall of the first cylinder for installation of components, and a sealing layer is used to ensure air tightness. The second cylinder arranged inside and outside can also further achieve safety protection and heat preservation effects.
在进一步的实施方案中,所述加热组件包括加热器、小型风扇,所述小型风扇安装在所述加热器的一侧;所述加热器、小型风扇的接线端外覆盖有所述密封层并穿过所述通孔。In a further embodiment, the heating component includes a heater and a small fan, and the small fan is installed on one side of the heater; the connection terminals of the heater and the small fan are covered with the sealing layer and pass through the through hole.
本方案将配合控压装置在双层注射器内设置加热器,能够控制温度、体积和气压中某一变量,进行试验条件控制;在双层注射器内设置小型风扇,在加热时能加速空气流动,使注射器内部空气温度快速保持一致,实验结果更加准确。This scheme will install a heater in the double-layer syringe in conjunction with the pressure control device, which can control one variable among temperature, volume and air pressure to control the test conditions; a small fan is installed in the double-layer syringe to accelerate the air flow when heating, so that the air temperature inside the syringe can quickly remain consistent, and the experimental results are more accurate.
在进一步的实施方案中,所述传感器组件包括显示箱以及安装在显示箱内的灵敏温度计、气压计;所述显示箱固定在所述箱体结构的开口处,侧壁开设有至少一个显示窗;所述灵敏温度计的热电偶探头、所述气压计的气压导管穿过所述通孔探入所述第一圆筒的内腔。In a further embodiment, the sensor assembly includes a display box and a sensitive thermometer and a barometer installed in the display box; the display box is fixed at the opening of the box structure, and at least one display window is opened on the side wall; the thermocouple probe of the sensitive thermometer and the air pressure tube of the barometer pass through the through hole and probe into the inner cavity of the first cylinder.
本方案将灵敏温度计、气压计接入双层注射器,能通过观察和记录仪器示数和注射器刻度,定量分析各个物理量之间的关系,以便于操作试验。This scheme connects a sensitive thermometer and a barometer to a double-layer syringe, and can quantitatively analyze the relationship between various physical quantities by observing and recording the instrument readings and the syringe scale, so as to facilitate the operation of the test.
在进一步的实施方案中,所述支撑架高于所述顶板且低于所述螺杆的最低转动高度。In a further embodiment, the support frame is higher than the top plate and lower than the lowest rotation height of the screw.
附图说明BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
图1是本实用新型实施例提供的一种热力学演示仪的部分结构图;FIG1 is a partial structural diagram of a thermodynamics demonstration instrument provided by an embodiment of the utility model;
图2是本实用新型实施例提供的一种热力学演示仪的部分结构图;FIG2 is a partial structural diagram of a thermodynamics demonstration instrument provided by an embodiment of the utility model;
图3是本实用新型实施例提供的双层注射器的示意图;FIG3 is a schematic diagram of a double-layer syringe provided in an embodiment of the utility model;
图4是本实用新型实施例提供的查理定律实验中测得的数据图表;FIG4 is a graph of data measured in a Charles' law experiment provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
图5是本实用新型实施例提供的盖—吕萨克定律实验中测得的数据图表;FIG5 is a graph of data measured in an experiment of Gay-Lussac's law provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
其中:固定座1,支撑架11、卡箍12、箱体结构13、垫木14;控压装置2,螺杆21、螺帽22(图中未标示)、把手23;双层注射器3,活塞杆31、第一圆筒32、第二圆筒33、通孔34;加热组件4(图中未标示),加热器41、小型风扇42;传感器组件5(图中未标示),灵敏温度计51、气压计52、显示箱53。Among them: a fixing seat 1, a support frame 11, a clamp 12, a box structure 13, and a pad 14; a pressure control device 2, a screw 21, a nut 22 (not shown in the figure), and a handle 23; a double-layer syringe 3, a piston rod 31, a first cylinder 32, a second cylinder 33, and a through hole 34; a heating component 4 (not shown in the figure), a heater 41, and a small fan 42; a sensor component 5 (not shown in the figure), a sensitive thermometer 51, a barometer 52, and a display box 53.
具体实施方式DETAILED DESCRIPTION
下面结合附图具体阐明本实用新型的实施方式,实施例的给出仅仅是为了说明目的,并不能理解为对本实用新型的限定,包括附图仅供参考和说明使用,不构成对本实用新型专利保护范围的限制,因为在不脱离本实用新型精神和范围基础上,可以对本实用新型进行许多改变。The following is a detailed explanation of the implementation mode of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. The embodiments are provided only for illustrative purposes and cannot be understood as limitations on the present invention. The accompanying drawings are only for reference and illustration purposes and do not constitute limitations on the scope of patent protection of the present invention, because many changes can be made to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
本实用新型实施例提供的一种热力学演示仪,如图1所示,在本实施例中,包括固定座1,以及安装在固定座1上的控压装置2、双层注射器3、加热组件4和传感器组件5;控压装置2自上而下转动嵌入固定座1,底部与双层注射器3的前端抵接;双层注射器3竖直放置于固定座1内侧,下部活塞杆31与固定座1抵接;传感器组件5的探测端、加热组件4安装在双层注射器3内腔中,并通过接线与传感器组件5的显示端连接。A thermodynamic demonstrator provided by an embodiment of the utility model is shown in Figure 1. In this embodiment, it includes a fixed base 1, and a pressure control device 2, a double-layer syringe 3, a heating component 4 and a sensor component 5 installed on the fixed base 1; the pressure control device 2 is rotated from top to bottom and embedded in the fixed base 1, and the bottom abuts against the front end of the double-layer syringe 3; the double-layer syringe 3 is vertically placed on the inner side of the fixed base 1, and the lower piston rod 31 abuts against the fixed base 1; the detection end of the sensor component 5 and the heating component 4 are installed in the inner cavity of the double-layer syringe 3, and are connected to the display end of the sensor component 5 through wiring.
在本实施例中,固定座1包括支撑架11、卡箍12和一侧开口的箱体结构13,卡箍12固定在支撑架11上;In this embodiment, the fixing base 1 includes a support frame 11, a clamp 12 and a box structure 13 with an opening on one side, and the clamp 12 is fixed on the support frame 11;
支撑架11自上而下的依次嵌入箱体结构13的顶板、底板,安设于控压装置2后侧并与控压装置2平行安装;The support frame 11 is embedded in the top plate and the bottom plate of the box structure 13 from top to bottom, and is installed at the rear side of the pressure control device 2 and parallel to the pressure control device 2;
支撑架11中部活动安装有十字夹;A cross clamp is movably installed in the middle of the support frame 11;
箱体结构13的顶板开设有贯穿板面的螺孔。The top plate of the box structure 13 is provided with screw holes penetrating the plate surface.
在本实施例中,固定座1还包括垫木14,用于适配不同高度的双层注射器3。In this embodiment, the fixing seat 1 further includes a block 14 for adapting to double-layer syringes 3 of different heights.
本实施例设置一侧开口的箱体结构13作为主体,以便于实验者观察演示仪中的变换;设置自上而下的依次嵌入箱体结构13的顶板、底板的支撑架11,结合十字夹固定卡箍12,可根据不同尺寸、不同高度下的双层注射器3进行自适应调节。In this embodiment, a box structure 13 with an opening on one side is arranged as the main body, so that the experimenter can observe the changes in the demonstrator. A support frame 11 is arranged, which is embedded in the top plate and the bottom plate of the box structure 13 from top to bottom, and combined with a cross clamp fixing clamp 12, it can be adaptively adjusted according to double-layer syringes 3 of different sizes and heights.
在本实施例中,控压装置2包括螺杆21、螺帽22及对称安装在螺杆21末端两侧的把手23,螺帽22安装在箱体结构13的顶板背面、正对螺孔;螺杆21竖直的嵌入固定座1的螺孔与螺帽22螺合;螺杆21表面设置有螺纹;把手23一端固定在螺杆21上,另一端设有限位凸起。In this embodiment, the pressure control device 2 includes a screw rod 21, a nut 22 and handles 23 symmetrically installed on both sides of the end of the screw rod 21. The nut 22 is installed on the back of the top plate of the box structure 13 and faces the screw hole; the screw rod 21 is vertically embedded in the screw hole of the fixing seat 1 and is screwed with the nut 22; a thread is provided on the surface of the screw rod 21; one end of the handle 23 is fixed on the screw rod 21, and the other end is provided with a limiting protrusion.
本实施例在箱体结构13顶板背面安装螺帽22,利用螺孔定位螺杆21,利用螺帽22实现螺杆21的活动安装,同时提高螺杆21的上下活动时的稳定性。In this embodiment, a nut 22 is installed on the back of the top plate of the box structure 13, the screw rod 21 is positioned by the screw hole, and the nut 22 is used to realize the movable installation of the screw rod 21, while improving the stability of the screw rod 21 when it moves up and down.
在本实施例中,卡箍12包括第一箍带和第二箍带,第一箍带、第二箍带通过螺钉螺接固定;In this embodiment, the clamp 12 includes a first clamp and a second clamp, and the first clamp and the second clamp are fixed by screwing;
第一箍带的中部设有安装杆,两端设有连接块,连接块中央设有螺纹孔,安装杆的端部通过十字夹固定在支撑架11上;A mounting rod is provided in the middle of the first hoop, and connecting blocks are provided at both ends. A threaded hole is provided in the center of the connecting block, and the ends of the mounting rod are fixed to the support frame 11 through a cross clamp;
第二箍带两端设有连接块,连接块中央设有螺纹孔。Connecting blocks are arranged at both ends of the second hoop, and threaded holes are arranged at the centers of the connecting blocks.
本实施例设置分离式的第一箍带和第二箍带,在保证安装稳定性的前提下,可以兼容不同尺寸的双层注射器3。This embodiment provides a separate first cuff and a second cuff, which can be compatible with double-layer syringes 3 of different sizes while ensuring installation stability.
在本实施例中,双层注射器3包括注射器筒、活塞杆31;注射器筒上部设有注射器筒接头,下部设有内外套设的第一圆筒32、第二圆筒33,注射器筒接头上安装有密封塞;In this embodiment, the double-layer syringe 3 includes a syringe barrel and a piston rod 31; a syringe barrel joint is provided at the upper part of the syringe barrel, and a first cylinder 32 and a second cylinder 33 are provided at the lower part, and a sealing plug is installed on the syringe barrel joint;
第一圆筒32内嵌入有活塞杆31,其顶部与注射器筒接头连接、上部侧壁开设有若干个通孔34;第二圆筒33套设在第一圆筒32外层,顶部与注射器筒接头连接;A piston rod 31 is embedded in the first cylinder 32, the top of which is connected to the syringe barrel joint, and a plurality of through holes 34 are opened on the upper side wall; the second cylinder 33 is sleeved on the outer layer of the first cylinder 32, and the top is connected to the syringe barrel joint;
传感器组件5的探测端、加热组件4安装在第一圆筒32的内腔中,其接线依次穿过通孔34、第二圆筒33内腔与外侧的显示端连接;通孔34上还设有密封层,密封层包裹接线并覆盖密封通孔34。The detection end of the sensor assembly 5 and the heating assembly 4 are installed in the inner cavity of the first cylinder 32, and their wiring passes through the through hole 34 and the inner cavity of the second cylinder 33 in sequence to connect with the display end on the outside; a sealing layer is also provided on the through hole 34, which wraps the wiring and covers the sealed through hole 34.
本实施例设置内外套设的第一圆筒32、第二圆筒33得到双层注射器3,通过在第一圆筒32侧壁上开设通孔34进行元器件安装,同时利用密封层保证气密性;套设的第二圆筒33也可以进一步实现安全保护和保温效果。In this embodiment, a double-layer syringe 3 is obtained by arranging a first cylinder 32 and a second cylinder 33 which are arranged inside and outside. A through hole 34 is opened on the side wall of the first cylinder 32 for installation of components, and a sealing layer is used to ensure air tightness. The sleeved second cylinder 33 can also further achieve safety protection and heat preservation effects.
在本实施例中,加热组件4包括加热器41、小型风扇42,小型风扇42安装在加热器41的一侧;加热器41、小型风扇42的接线端外覆盖有密封层并穿过通孔34。In this embodiment, the heating assembly 4 includes a heater 41 and a small fan 42 . The small fan 42 is installed on one side of the heater 41 . The connection terminals of the heater 41 and the small fan 42 are covered with a sealing layer and pass through the through hole 34 .
其中,加热器41可根据需求进行设置,包括但不限于陶瓷加热片。由于加热器的接线端子硬度较高,配合密封层可实现加热器41的悬空安装,因此不会损坏双层注射器3。The heater 41 can be configured as required, including but not limited to a ceramic heating plate. Since the heater terminal has a high hardness, the heater 41 can be suspended in the air with the sealing layer, so the double-layer syringe 3 will not be damaged.
本实施例将配合控压装置2在双层注射器3内设置加热器41,能够控制温度、体积和气压中某一变量,进行试验条件控制;在双层注射器3内设置小型风扇42,在加热时能加速空气流动,使注射器内部空气温度快速保持一致,实验结果更加准确。In this embodiment, a heater 41 is arranged in the double-layer syringe 3 in conjunction with the pressure control device 2, which can control a certain variable among temperature, volume and air pressure to control the test conditions; a small fan 42 is arranged in the double-layer syringe 3, which can accelerate the air flow during heating, so that the air temperature inside the syringe is quickly kept consistent, and the experimental results are more accurate.
在本实施例中,传感器组件5包括显示箱53以及安装在显示箱53内的灵敏温度计51、气压计52;显示箱53固定在箱体结构13的开口处,侧壁开设有至少一个显示窗;灵敏温度计51的热电偶探头、气压计52的气压导管穿过通孔34探入第一圆筒32的内腔。In this embodiment, the sensor assembly 5 includes a display box 53 and a sensitive thermometer 51 and a barometer 52 installed in the display box 53; the display box 53 is fixed at the opening of the box structure 13, and at least one display window is opened on the side wall; the thermocouple probe of the sensitive thermometer 51 and the air pressure conduit of the barometer 52 pass through the through hole 34 and probe into the inner cavity of the first cylinder 32.
在本实施例中,第一圆筒32的通孔34处均覆盖有密封层,密封层可根据需要进行选择,例如胶水注塑成型。In this embodiment, the through holes 34 of the first cylinder 32 are all covered with a sealing layer, and the sealing layer can be selected according to needs, such as glue injection molding.
本实施例将灵敏温度计51、气压计52接入双层注射器3,能通过观察和记录仪器示数和注射器刻度,定量分析各个物理量之间的关系,以便于操作试验。In this embodiment, the sensitive thermometer 51 and the barometer 52 are connected to the double-layer syringe 3, and the relationship between various physical quantities can be quantitatively analyzed by observing and recording the instrument readings and the syringe scale, so as to facilitate the operation of the test.
在本实施例中,支撑架11高于顶板且低于螺杆21的最低转动高度。In this embodiment, the support frame 11 is higher than the top plate and lower than the lowest rotation height of the screw rod 21 .
本实施例可进行玻意耳定律实验、查理定律、盖—吕萨克定律、内能改变的演示,具体如下:This embodiment can perform experiments on Boyle's law, Charles' law, Gay-Lussac's law, and the demonstration of internal energy change, as follows:
一、演示玻意耳定律实验操作步骤1. Demonstration of the experimental steps of Boyle's law
如下表1,打开灵敏温度计51、气压计52,通过旋转螺杆21推动活塞杆31,可观察到随着压强增大,气体体积减小,记录活塞杆31在每个刻度的体积和气压,记录数据,列出表格或图表,可知温度一定时,体积与压强的乘积几乎为固定值。As shown in Table 1 below, turn on the sensitive thermometer 51 and the barometer 52, and push the piston rod 31 by rotating the screw 21. It can be observed that as the pressure increases, the gas volume decreases. The volume and air pressure of the piston rod 31 at each scale are recorded, and the data is recorded and listed in a table or chart. It can be seen that when the temperature is constant, the product of the volume and the pressure is almost a fixed value.
表1玻意耳定律实验中测得的数据列表Table 1 List of data measured in Boyle's law experiment
二、演示查理定律实验操作步骤2. Demonstration of Charles's Law Experiment Operation Steps
参见图4、表2,利用螺杆21推动活塞杆31到某一刻度线,可保持体积不变,接通加热器41使气体温度升高,可观察到气压随温度的增大而增大的变化,温度每升高10℃记录一次数据,列出表格或图表,可知压强与温度的比值为常数。Referring to FIG. 4 and Table 2, the piston rod 31 is pushed to a certain scale line by the screw 21 to keep the volume unchanged. The heater 41 is turned on to increase the temperature of the gas. It can be observed that the pressure increases with the increase of temperature. The data is recorded every time the temperature increases by 10°C. Tables or graphs are listed, and it can be seen that the ratio of pressure to temperature is a constant.
表2查理定律实验中测得的数据列表Table 2 List of data measured in the Charles law experiment
三、演示盖—吕萨克定律实验操作步骤3. Demonstration of the Gay-Lussac law experiment steps
参见图5、表3,抽走垫木14,活塞杆31下方保持悬空,接通加热器41使气体温度升高,可观察体积随温度增大而增大,体积每增加10ml记录一次数据,列出表格或图表,可知体积与温度比值为常数。Referring to Fig. 5 and Table 3, the wood block 14 is removed, the piston rod 31 is kept suspended, and the heater 41 is turned on to increase the temperature of the gas. It can be observed that the volume increases with the increase in temperature. The data is recorded every time the volume increases by 10 ml, and a table or graph is listed. It can be seen that the ratio of volume to temperature is a constant.
表3盖—吕萨克定律实验中测得的数据列表Table 3 List of data measured in the Gay-Lussac law experiment
四、演示改变内能的两种方式操作步骤4. Demonstrate the steps of two ways to change internal energy
通过快速转动螺杆21推动活塞杆31模拟对气体做功过程,可观察到温度会升高,接通加热器41升温,加热器41与气体之间产生温度差模拟热传递过程,可观察到温度计示数升高,从而得知对气体做功和热传递会改变气体内能。By quickly rotating the screw 21 to push the piston rod 31 to simulate the process of doing work on the gas, it can be observed that the temperature will increase. By turning on the heater 41 to increase the temperature, a temperature difference is generated between the heater 41 and the gas to simulate the heat transfer process. It can be observed that the thermometer reading increases, thereby knowing that doing work on the gas and heat transfer will change the internal energy of the gas.
本实用新型实施例将控压装置2、双层注射器3安装在固定座1上,可通过控压装置2压制双层注射器3实现对气压的压缩控制,同时在双层注射器3内安装加热组件4实现对气体温度的控制,进而通过传感器组件5进行实时监测观察,实现了多个传统实验仪器功能的有效组合,创造多种实验条件,方便学生感受相关物理过程,结构简单、操作简易且成本低廉。The embodiment of the utility model installs the pressure control device 2 and the double-layer syringe 3 on the fixed seat 1. The double-layer syringe 3 can be pressed by the pressure control device 2 to realize compression control of the air pressure. At the same time, a heating component 4 is installed in the double-layer syringe 3 to realize control of the gas temperature. Then, real-time monitoring and observation are performed through the sensor component 5, thereby realizing an effective combination of the functions of multiple traditional experimental instruments, creating a variety of experimental conditions, and facilitating students to experience related physical processes. The structure is simple, the operation is easy, and the cost is low.
上述实施例为本实用新型较佳的实施方式,但本实用新型的实施方式并不受上述实施例的限制,其他的任何未背离本实用新型的精神实质与原理下所作的改变、修饰、替代、组合、简化,均应为等效的置换方式,都包含在本实用新型的保护范围之内。The above embodiments are preferred implementation modes of the present invention, but the implementation modes of the present invention are not limited by the above embodiments. Any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications that do not deviate from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be equivalent replacement methods and are included in the protection scope of the present invention.
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