CN221668428U - Thermodynamic demonstration instrument - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of teaching experiments and teaching aids, and provides a thermodynamic demonstration instrument which comprises a fixed seat, a pressure control device, a double-layer injector, a heating assembly and a sensor assembly, wherein the pressure control device, the double-layer injector and the sensor assembly are arranged on the fixed seat, the pressure control device is used for pressing the double-layer injector to realize compression control on air pressure, the heating assembly is arranged in the double-layer injector to realize control on air temperature, and the sensor assembly is used for carrying out real-time monitoring and observation, so that the effective combination of functions of a plurality of traditional experimental instruments is realized, various experimental conditions are created, students can feel related physical processes conveniently, and the thermodynamic demonstration instrument is simple in structure, easy to operate and low in cost.

Description

A thermodynamics demonstration instrument

Technical Field

The utility model relates to the technical field of teaching experiment teaching aids, in particular to a thermodynamics demonstration instrument.

Background Art

Thermodynamics demonstrator is a commonly used physics teaching tool in physics teaching. It is used to verify the ideal gas law experiment and explore two ways to change internal energy. It can control a single variable to explore the quantitative relationship between the other two variables.

However, the thermodynamics teaching demonstration instruments currently used are mostly sets of thermal tubes, and the heating method is usually water bath heating (such as the Chinese patent "Ideal Gas Comprehensive Experiment Demonstration Instrument" with application number 201721569279.0). When teachers demonstrate in class, they need to perform complex combinations and operations. The instruments take up a lot of space and the demonstration operation is difficult.

Summary of the invention

The utility model provides a thermodynamics demonstration instrument, which solves the technical problems that the existing thermodynamics teaching demonstration instruments occupy a large space and have high demonstration operation difficulty.

In order to solve the above technical problems, the utility model provides a thermodynamic demonstrator, including a fixed seat, and a pressure control device, a double-layer syringe, a heating assembly and a sensor assembly installed on the fixed seat; the pressure control device rotates from top to bottom and is embedded in the fixed seat, and the bottom abuts against the front end of the double-layer syringe; the double-layer syringe is vertically placed on the inner side of the fixed seat, and the lower piston rod abuts against the fixed seat; the detection end and the heating assembly of the sensor assembly are installed in the inner cavity of the double-layer syringe, and are connected to the display end of the sensor assembly through wiring.

This basic solution installs a pressure control device and a double-layer syringe on a fixed seat. The double-layer syringe can be pressed by the pressure control device to achieve compression control of the gas pressure. At the same time, a heating component is installed in the double-layer syringe to control the gas temperature. Real-time monitoring and observation are then carried out through the sensor component, realizing an effective combination of the functions of multiple traditional experimental instruments, creating a variety of experimental conditions, and making it convenient for students to experience related physical processes. It has a simple structure, easy operation and low cost.

In a further embodiment, the fixing seat comprises a support frame, a clamp and a box structure with an opening on one side, and the clamp is fixed on the support frame;

The support frame is embedded in the top plate and the bottom plate of the box structure in sequence from top to bottom, and is installed at the rear side of the pressure control device and parallel to the pressure control device;

A cross clamp is movably installed in the middle of the support frame;

The top plate of the box structure is provided with screw holes penetrating the plate surface.

This solution sets a box structure with an opening on one side as the main body, so that the experimenter can observe the changes in the demonstrator; a support frame is set to be embedded in the top plate and bottom plate of the box structure from top to bottom, combined with a cross clamp fixing clamp, which can be adaptively adjusted according to double-layer syringes of different sizes and heights.

In a further embodiment, the pressure control device includes a screw, a nut and handles symmetrically installed on both sides of the end of the screw, the nut is installed on the back side of the top plate of the box structure, facing the screw hole; the screw is vertically embedded in the screw hole of the fixing seat and screwed with the nut; a thread is provided on the surface of the screw; one end of the handle is fixed on the screw, and the other end is provided with a limiting protrusion.

This solution installs a nut on the back of the top plate of the box structure, uses the screw hole to position the screw, and uses the nut to achieve the movable installation of the screw, while improving the stability of the screw when it moves up and down.

In a further embodiment, the clamp comprises a first strap and a second strap, and the first strap and the second strap are fixed by screwing;

A mounting rod is provided in the middle of the first hoop, and connecting blocks are provided at both ends. A threaded hole is provided in the center of the connecting block, and the ends of the mounting rod are fixed to the support frame through a cross clamp;

The two ends of the second band are provided with connecting blocks, and the center of the connecting block is provided with a threaded hole.

This solution provides a separate first cuff and a second cuff, which can be compatible with double-layer syringes of different sizes while ensuring installation stability.

In a further embodiment, the double-layer syringe comprises a syringe barrel and a piston rod; the syringe barrel is provided with a syringe barrel joint at the upper part, and a first cylinder and a second cylinder arranged inside and outside the lower part, and a sealing plug is installed on the syringe barrel joint;

The piston rod is embedded in the first cylinder, the top of which is connected to the syringe barrel joint, and a plurality of through holes are opened on the upper side wall; the second cylinder is sleeved on the outer layer of the first cylinder, and the top is connected to the syringe barrel joint;

The detection end and heating component of the sensor assembly are installed in the inner cavity of the first cylinder, and their wiring passes through the through hole, the inner cavity of the second cylinder and is connected to the display end on the outside in sequence; a sealing layer is also provided on the through hole, and the sealing layer wraps the wiring and covers and seals the through hole.

In this scheme, a double-layer syringe is obtained by arranging a first cylinder and a second cylinder which are arranged inside and outside. Through holes are opened on the side wall of the first cylinder for installation of components, and a sealing layer is used to ensure air tightness. The second cylinder arranged inside and outside can also further achieve safety protection and heat preservation effects.

In a further embodiment, the heating component includes a heater and a small fan, and the small fan is installed on one side of the heater; the connection terminals of the heater and the small fan are covered with the sealing layer and pass through the through hole.

This scheme will install a heater in the double-layer syringe in conjunction with the pressure control device, which can control one variable among temperature, volume and air pressure to control the test conditions; a small fan is installed in the double-layer syringe to accelerate the air flow when heating, so that the air temperature inside the syringe can quickly remain consistent, and the experimental results are more accurate.

In a further embodiment, the sensor assembly includes a display box and a sensitive thermometer and a barometer installed in the display box; the display box is fixed at the opening of the box structure, and at least one display window is opened on the side wall; the thermocouple probe of the sensitive thermometer and the air pressure tube of the barometer pass through the through hole and probe into the inner cavity of the first cylinder.

This scheme connects a sensitive thermometer and a barometer to a double-layer syringe, and can quantitatively analyze the relationship between various physical quantities by observing and recording the instrument readings and the syringe scale, so as to facilitate the operation of the test.

In a further embodiment, the support frame is higher than the top plate and lower than the lowest rotation height of the screw.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG1 is a partial structural diagram of a thermodynamics demonstration instrument provided by an embodiment of the utility model;

FIG2 is a partial structural diagram of a thermodynamics demonstration instrument provided by an embodiment of the utility model;

FIG3 is a schematic diagram of a double-layer syringe provided in an embodiment of the utility model;

FIG4 is a graph of data measured in a Charles' law experiment provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG5 is a graph of data measured in an experiment of Gay-Lussac's law provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

Among them: a fixing seat 1, a support frame 11, a clamp 12, a box structure 13, and a pad 14; a pressure control device 2, a screw 21, a nut 22 (not shown in the figure), and a handle 23; a double-layer syringe 3, a piston rod 31, a first cylinder 32, a second cylinder 33, and a through hole 34; a heating component 4 (not shown in the figure), a heater 41, and a small fan 42; a sensor component 5 (not shown in the figure), a sensitive thermometer 51, a barometer 52, and a display box 53.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The following is a detailed explanation of the implementation mode of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. The embodiments are provided only for illustrative purposes and cannot be understood as limitations on the present invention. The accompanying drawings are only for reference and illustration purposes and do not constitute limitations on the scope of patent protection of the present invention, because many changes can be made to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.

A thermodynamic demonstrator provided by an embodiment of the utility model is shown in Figure 1. In this embodiment, it includes a fixed base 1, and a pressure control device 2, a double-layer syringe 3, a heating component 4 and a sensor component 5 installed on the fixed base 1; the pressure control device 2 is rotated from top to bottom and embedded in the fixed base 1, and the bottom abuts against the front end of the double-layer syringe 3; the double-layer syringe 3 is vertically placed on the inner side of the fixed base 1, and the lower piston rod 31 abuts against the fixed base 1; the detection end of the sensor component 5 and the heating component 4 are installed in the inner cavity of the double-layer syringe 3, and are connected to the display end of the sensor component 5 through wiring.

In this embodiment, the fixing base 1 includes a support frame 11, a clamp 12 and a box structure 13 with an opening on one side, and the clamp 12 is fixed on the support frame 11;

The support frame 11 is embedded in the top plate and the bottom plate of the box structure 13 from top to bottom, and is installed at the rear side of the pressure control device 2 and parallel to the pressure control device 2;

A cross clamp is movably installed in the middle of the support frame 11;

The top plate of the box structure 13 is provided with screw holes penetrating the plate surface.

In this embodiment, the fixing seat 1 further includes a block 14 for adapting to double-layer syringes 3 of different heights.

In this embodiment, a box structure 13 with an opening on one side is arranged as the main body, so that the experimenter can observe the changes in the demonstrator. A support frame 11 is arranged, which is embedded in the top plate and the bottom plate of the box structure 13 from top to bottom, and combined with a cross clamp fixing clamp 12, it can be adaptively adjusted according to double-layer syringes 3 of different sizes and heights.

In this embodiment, the pressure control device 2 includes a screw rod 21, a nut 22 and handles 23 symmetrically installed on both sides of the end of the screw rod 21. The nut 22 is installed on the back of the top plate of the box structure 13 and faces the screw hole; the screw rod 21 is vertically embedded in the screw hole of the fixing seat 1 and is screwed with the nut 22; a thread is provided on the surface of the screw rod 21; one end of the handle 23 is fixed on the screw rod 21, and the other end is provided with a limiting protrusion.

In this embodiment, a nut 22 is installed on the back of the top plate of the box structure 13, the screw rod 21 is positioned by the screw hole, and the nut 22 is used to realize the movable installation of the screw rod 21, while improving the stability of the screw rod 21 when it moves up and down.

In this embodiment, the clamp 12 includes a first clamp and a second clamp, and the first clamp and the second clamp are fixed by screwing;

A mounting rod is provided in the middle of the first hoop, and connecting blocks are provided at both ends. A threaded hole is provided in the center of the connecting block, and the ends of the mounting rod are fixed to the support frame 11 through a cross clamp;

Connecting blocks are arranged at both ends of the second hoop, and threaded holes are arranged at the centers of the connecting blocks.

This embodiment provides a separate first cuff and a second cuff, which can be compatible with double-layer syringes 3 of different sizes while ensuring installation stability.

In this embodiment, the double-layer syringe 3 includes a syringe barrel and a piston rod 31; a syringe barrel joint is provided at the upper part of the syringe barrel, and a first cylinder 32 and a second cylinder 33 are provided at the lower part, and a sealing plug is installed on the syringe barrel joint;

A piston rod 31 is embedded in the first cylinder 32, the top of which is connected to the syringe barrel joint, and a plurality of through holes 34 are opened on the upper side wall; the second cylinder 33 is sleeved on the outer layer of the first cylinder 32, and the top is connected to the syringe barrel joint;

The detection end of the sensor assembly 5 and the heating assembly 4 are installed in the inner cavity of the first cylinder 32, and their wiring passes through the through hole 34 and the inner cavity of the second cylinder 33 in sequence to connect with the display end on the outside; a sealing layer is also provided on the through hole 34, which wraps the wiring and covers the sealed through hole 34.

In this embodiment, a double-layer syringe 3 is obtained by arranging a first cylinder 32 and a second cylinder 33 which are arranged inside and outside. A through hole 34 is opened on the side wall of the first cylinder 32 for installation of components, and a sealing layer is used to ensure air tightness. The sleeved second cylinder 33 can also further achieve safety protection and heat preservation effects.

In this embodiment, the heating assembly 4 includes a heater 41 and a small fan 42 . The small fan 42 is installed on one side of the heater 41 . The connection terminals of the heater 41 and the small fan 42 are covered with a sealing layer and pass through the through hole 34 .

The heater 41 can be configured as required, including but not limited to a ceramic heating plate. Since the heater terminal has a high hardness, the heater 41 can be suspended in the air with the sealing layer, so the double-layer syringe 3 will not be damaged.

In this embodiment, a heater 41 is arranged in the double-layer syringe 3 in conjunction with the pressure control device 2, which can control a certain variable among temperature, volume and air pressure to control the test conditions; a small fan 42 is arranged in the double-layer syringe 3, which can accelerate the air flow during heating, so that the air temperature inside the syringe is quickly kept consistent, and the experimental results are more accurate.

In this embodiment, the sensor assembly 5 includes a display box 53 and a sensitive thermometer 51 and a barometer 52 installed in the display box 53; the display box 53 is fixed at the opening of the box structure 13, and at least one display window is opened on the side wall; the thermocouple probe of the sensitive thermometer 51 and the air pressure conduit of the barometer 52 pass through the through hole 34 and probe into the inner cavity of the first cylinder 32.

In this embodiment, the through holes 34 of the first cylinder 32 are all covered with a sealing layer, and the sealing layer can be selected according to needs, such as glue injection molding.

In this embodiment, the sensitive thermometer 51 and the barometer 52 are connected to the double-layer syringe 3, and the relationship between various physical quantities can be quantitatively analyzed by observing and recording the instrument readings and the syringe scale, so as to facilitate the operation of the test.

In this embodiment, the support frame 11 is higher than the top plate and lower than the lowest rotation height of the screw rod 21 .

This embodiment can perform experiments on Boyle's law, Charles' law, Gay-Lussac's law, and the demonstration of internal energy change, as follows:

1. Demonstration of the experimental steps of Boyle's law

As shown in Table 1 below, turn on the sensitive thermometer 51 and the barometer 52, and push the piston rod 31 by rotating the screw 21. It can be observed that as the pressure increases, the gas volume decreases. The volume and air pressure of the piston rod 31 at each scale are recorded, and the data is recorded and listed in a table or chart. It can be seen that when the temperature is constant, the product of the volume and the pressure is almost a fixed value.

Table 1 List of data measured in Boyle's law experiment

2. Demonstration of Charles's Law Experiment Operation Steps

Referring to FIG. 4 and Table 2, the piston rod 31 is pushed to a certain scale line by the screw 21 to keep the volume unchanged. The heater 41 is turned on to increase the temperature of the gas. It can be observed that the pressure increases with the increase of temperature. The data is recorded every time the temperature increases by 10°C. Tables or graphs are listed, and it can be seen that the ratio of pressure to temperature is a constant.

Table 2 List of data measured in the Charles law experiment

3. Demonstration of the Gay-Lussac law experiment steps

Referring to Fig. 5 and Table 3, the wood block 14 is removed, the piston rod 31 is kept suspended, and the heater 41 is turned on to increase the temperature of the gas. It can be observed that the volume increases with the increase in temperature. The data is recorded every time the volume increases by 10 ml, and a table or graph is listed. It can be seen that the ratio of volume to temperature is a constant.

Table 3 List of data measured in the Gay-Lussac law experiment

4. Demonstrate the steps of two ways to change internal energy

By quickly rotating the screw 21 to push the piston rod 31 to simulate the process of doing work on the gas, it can be observed that the temperature will increase. By turning on the heater 41 to increase the temperature, a temperature difference is generated between the heater 41 and the gas to simulate the heat transfer process. It can be observed that the thermometer reading increases, thereby knowing that doing work on the gas and heat transfer will change the internal energy of the gas.

The embodiment of the utility model installs the pressure control device 2 and the double-layer syringe 3 on the fixed seat 1. The double-layer syringe 3 can be pressed by the pressure control device 2 to realize compression control of the air pressure. At the same time, a heating component 4 is installed in the double-layer syringe 3 to realize control of the gas temperature. Then, real-time monitoring and observation are performed through the sensor component 5, thereby realizing an effective combination of the functions of multiple traditional experimental instruments, creating a variety of experimental conditions, and facilitating students to experience related physical processes. The structure is simple, the operation is easy, and the cost is low.

The above embodiments are preferred implementation modes of the present invention, but the implementation modes of the present invention are not limited by the above embodiments. Any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications that do not deviate from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be equivalent replacement methods and are included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. A thermodynamic demonstration device, characterized in that: comprises a fixed seat and a fixing seat, the pressure control device, the double-layer injector, the heating component and the sensor component are arranged on the fixed seat; the pressure control device is rotationally embedded into the fixed seat from top to bottom, and the bottom is abutted with the front end of the double-layer injector; the double-layer injector is vertically arranged on the inner side of the fixed seat, and the lower piston rod is in butt joint with the fixed seat; the detection end of the sensor component and the heating component are arranged in the inner cavity of the double-layer injector and are connected with the display end of the sensor component through wiring.

2. A thermodynamic demonstration device as claimed in claim 1 wherein: the fixing seat comprises a supporting frame, a clamp and a box body structure with an opening at one side, and the clamp is fixed on the supporting frame;

the supporting frame is sequentially embedded into the top plate and the bottom plate of the box body structure from top to bottom, is arranged at the rear side of the pressure control device and is arranged in parallel with the pressure control device;

a cross clamp is movably arranged in the middle of the support frame;

screw holes penetrating through the plate surface are formed in the top plate of the box body structure.

3. A thermodynamic demonstration device as claimed in claim 2 wherein: the pressure control device comprises a screw rod, a screw cap and handles symmetrically arranged at two sides of the tail end of the screw rod, the screw cap is arranged on the back surface of a top plate of the box body structure and is opposite to the screw hole, and the screw hole vertically embedded in the fixing seat of the screw rod is screwed with the screw cap; the surface of the screw is provided with threads; one end of the handle is fixed on the screw rod, and the other end of the handle is provided with a limiting protrusion.

4. A thermodynamic demonstration device as claimed in claim 2 wherein: the clamp comprises a first hoop and a second hoop, and the first hoop and the second hoop are fixed through screw threads;

The middle part of the first strap is provided with a mounting rod, two ends of the first strap are provided with connecting blocks, the center of each connecting block is provided with a threaded hole, and the end parts of the mounting rods are fixed on the support frame through cross clamps;

connecting blocks are arranged at two ends of the second hoops, and threaded holes are formed in the centers of the connecting blocks.

5. A thermodynamic demonstration device as claimed in claim 2 wherein: the double-layer injector comprises an injector cylinder and a piston rod; the upper part of the syringe barrel is provided with a syringe barrel joint, the lower part of the syringe barrel is provided with a first cylinder and a second cylinder which are sleeved outside the syringe barrel, and the syringe barrel joint is provided with a sealing plug;

The piston rod is embedded in the first cylinder, the top of the piston rod is connected with the injector cylinder joint, and a plurality of through holes are formed in the side wall of the upper part of the piston rod; the second cylinder is sleeved on the outer layer of the first cylinder, and the top of the second cylinder is connected with the injector cylinder joint;

The detection end of the sensor component and the heating component are arranged in the inner cavity of the first cylinder, and the wiring of the heating component sequentially passes through the through hole and the inner cavity of the second cylinder to be connected with the display end at the outer side; and a sealing layer is further arranged on the through hole, and the sealing layer wraps the wiring and covers and seals the through hole.

6. A thermodynamic demonstration device according to claim 5 wherein: the heating assembly comprises a heater and a small fan, and the small fan is arranged on one side of the heater; the heater and the terminal of the small fan are covered with the sealing layer and pass through the through hole.

7. A thermodynamic demonstration device according to claim 5 wherein: the sensor assembly comprises a display box, and a sensitive thermometer and a barometer which are arranged in the display box; the display box is fixed at the opening of the box body structure, and the side wall of the display box is provided with at least one display window; the thermocouple probe of the sensitive thermometer and the air pressure conduit of the air pressure meter penetrate through the through hole and penetrate into the inner cavity of the first cylinder.

8. A thermodynamic demonstration device as claimed in claim 3 wherein: the support is above the top plate and below the lowest rotational height of the screw.