CN221668428U - Thermodynamic demonstration instrument - Google Patents
Thermodynamic demonstration instrument Download PDFInfo
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- CN221668428U CN221668428U CN202322833544.3U CN202322833544U CN221668428U CN 221668428 U CN221668428 U CN 221668428U CN 202322833544 U CN202322833544 U CN 202322833544U CN 221668428 U CN221668428 U CN 221668428U
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- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 210000001503 joint Anatomy 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 abstract description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 36
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002355 dual-layer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001746 injection moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The utility model relates to the technical field of teaching experiments and teaching aids, and provides a thermodynamic demonstration instrument which comprises a fixed seat, a pressure control device, a double-layer injector, a heating assembly and a sensor assembly, wherein the pressure control device, the double-layer injector and the sensor assembly are arranged on the fixed seat, the pressure control device is used for pressing the double-layer injector to realize compression control on air pressure, the heating assembly is arranged in the double-layer injector to realize control on air temperature, and the sensor assembly is used for carrying out real-time monitoring and observation, so that the effective combination of functions of a plurality of traditional experimental instruments is realized, various experimental conditions are created, students can feel related physical processes conveniently, and the thermodynamic demonstration instrument is simple in structure, easy to operate and low in cost.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to the technical field of teaching experiments and teaching aids, in particular to a thermodynamic demonstration instrument.
Background
The thermodynamic demonstration instrument is a physical teaching tool commonly used in physical teaching, is used for verifying an ideal gas law experiment and exploring two ways of experiments for changing internal energy, and can control a single variable to explore the quantitative relation of other two variables.
However, most thermodynamic teaching demonstration instruments used at present are complete thermodynamic tubes, heating means are usually water bath heating (such as 'ideal gas comprehensive experiment demonstration instrument' of China patent application number 201721569279.0), and when teachers demonstrate in class, complex combination and operation are needed, the occupied space of the instrument is large, and the demonstration operation difficulty is high.
Disclosure of Invention
The utility model provides a thermodynamic demonstration instrument, which solves the technical problems of large occupied space and high demonstration operation difficulty of the existing thermodynamic teaching demonstration instrument.
In order to solve the technical problems, the utility model provides a thermodynamic demonstration instrument which comprises a fixed seat, and a pressure control device, a double-layer injector, a heating assembly and a sensor assembly which are arranged on the fixed seat; the pressure control device is rotationally embedded into the fixed seat from top to bottom, and the bottom is abutted with the front end of the double-layer injector; the double-layer injector is vertically arranged on the inner side of the fixed seat, and the lower piston rod is in butt joint with the fixed seat; the detection end of the sensor component and the heating component are arranged in the inner cavity of the double-layer injector and are connected with the display end of the sensor component through wiring.
This basic scheme is installed pressure control device, double-deck syringe on the fixing base, and the compression control to atmospheric pressure is realized to the double-deck syringe of accessible pressure control device suppression, installs heating element in double-deck syringe simultaneously and realizes the control to gas temperature, and then carries out real-time supervision through sensor assembly and observe, has realized the effective combination of a plurality of traditional laboratory glassware functions, creates multiple experimental conditions, makes things convenient for the student to feel relevant physical process, simple structure, easy operation and low cost.
In a further embodiment, the fixing base comprises a supporting frame, a clamp and a box structure with one side open, wherein the clamp is fixed on the supporting frame;
the supporting frame is sequentially embedded into the top plate and the bottom plate of the box body structure from top to bottom, is arranged at the rear side of the pressure control device and is arranged in parallel with the pressure control device;
a cross clamp is movably arranged in the middle of the support frame;
screw holes penetrating through the plate surface are formed in the top plate of the box body structure.
The box body structure with one side open is arranged as a main body, so that an experimenter can observe the transformation in the demonstration instrument conveniently; the supporting frames of the top plate and the bottom plate of the box body structure are sequentially embedded from top to bottom, and the cross clamp fixing clamp is combined, so that the self-adaptive adjustment can be carried out according to double-layer syringes with different sizes and different heights.
In a further embodiment, the pressure control device comprises a screw, a nut and handles symmetrically arranged at two sides of the tail end of the screw, wherein the nut is arranged at the back of a top plate of the box body structure and is opposite to the screw hole; the screw rod is vertically embedded into the screw hole of the fixing seat to be screwed with the screw cap; the surface of the screw is provided with threads; one end of the handle is fixed on the screw rod, and the other end of the handle is provided with a limiting protrusion.
According to the scheme, the screw cap is arranged on the back of the top plate of the box body structure, the screw hole is utilized to position the screw rod, movable installation of the screw rod is realized by the screw cap, and meanwhile, the stability of the screw rod in vertical movement is improved.
In a further embodiment, the clamp comprises a first band and a second band, the first band, the second band being secured by a screw thread;
The middle part of the first strap is provided with a mounting rod, two ends of the first strap are provided with connecting blocks, the center of each connecting block is provided with a threaded hole, and the end parts of the mounting rods are fixed on the support frame through cross clamps;
connecting blocks are arranged at two ends of the second hoops, and threaded holes are formed in the centers of the connecting blocks.
This scheme sets up disconnect-type first strap and second strap, under the prerequisite of guaranteeing installation stability, can compatible not unidimensional double-deck syringe.
In a further embodiment, the dual layer syringe comprises a syringe barrel, a piston rod; the upper part of the syringe barrel is provided with a syringe barrel joint, the lower part of the syringe barrel is provided with a first cylinder and a second cylinder which are sleeved outside the syringe barrel, and the syringe barrel joint is provided with a sealing plug;
The piston rod is embedded in the first cylinder, the top of the piston rod is connected with the injector cylinder joint, and a plurality of through holes are formed in the side wall of the upper part of the piston rod; the second cylinder is sleeved on the outer layer of the first cylinder, and the top of the second cylinder is connected with the injector cylinder joint;
The detection end of the sensor component and the heating component are arranged in the inner cavity of the first cylinder, and the wiring of the heating component sequentially passes through the through hole and the inner cavity of the second cylinder to be connected with the display end at the outer side; and a sealing layer is further arranged on the through hole, and the sealing layer wraps the wiring and covers and seals the through hole.
The method comprises the steps that a first cylinder and a second cylinder which are sleeved outside the inner sleeve are arranged to obtain a double-layer injector, components are installed through a through hole formed in the side wall of the first cylinder, and meanwhile the sealing layer is used for guaranteeing the air tightness; the second cylinder sleeved with the first cylinder can further realize the effects of safety protection and heat preservation.
In a further embodiment, the heating assembly comprises a heater, a small fan mounted on one side of the heater; the heater and the terminal of the small fan are covered with the sealing layer and pass through the through hole.
According to the scheme, a heater is arranged in the double-layer injector in cooperation with the pressure control device, so that a certain variable in temperature, volume and air pressure can be controlled, and test condition control is performed; the small fan is arranged in the double-layer injector, so that air flow can be accelerated during heating, the temperature of air in the injector can be kept consistent rapidly, and the experimental result is more accurate.
In a further embodiment, the sensor assembly includes a display case and a sensitive thermometer, barometer mounted within the display case; the display box is fixed at the opening of the box body structure, and the side wall of the display box is provided with at least one display window; the thermocouple probe of the sensitive thermometer and the air pressure conduit of the air pressure meter penetrate through the through hole and penetrate into the inner cavity of the first cylinder.
The sensitive thermometer and the barometer are connected into the double-layer injector, and the relation among various physical quantities can be quantitatively analyzed through observing and recording instrument readings and injector scales, so that the operation test is facilitated.
In a further embodiment, the support is above the top plate and below the lowest rotational height of the screw.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a partial block diagram of a thermodynamic demonstration device provided by an embodiment of the present utility model;
FIG. 2 is a partial block diagram of a thermodynamic demonstration device according to an embodiment of the present utility model;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a dual layer syringe provided in an embodiment of the present utility model;
FIG. 4 is a graph of data measured in Charles' law experiments provided by embodiments of the present utility model;
FIG. 5 is a graph of data measured in a cover-Lvsac law experiment provided by an embodiment of the present utility model;
Wherein: the fixing seat 1, the supporting frame 11, the clamp 12, the box body structure 13 and the skid 14; a pressure control device 2, a screw 21, a nut 22 (not labeled in the figure) and a handle 23; a double-layer syringe 3, a piston rod 31, a first cylinder 32, a second cylinder 33, and a through hole 34; a heating unit 4 (not shown), a heater 41, and a small fan 42; a sensor assembly 5 (not shown), a sensitive thermometer 51, a barometer 52, and a display box 53.
Detailed Description
The following examples are given for the purpose of illustration only and are not to be construed as limiting the utility model, including the drawings for reference and description only, and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the utility model as many variations thereof are possible without departing from the spirit and scope of the utility model.
As shown in fig. 1, in the embodiment of the present utility model, the thermodynamic demonstrator includes a fixing seat 1, and a pressure control device 2, a double-layer injector 3, a heating component 4 and a sensor component 5 which are installed on the fixing seat 1; the pressure control device 2 is rotationally embedded into the fixed seat 1 from top to bottom, and the bottom is abutted with the front end of the double-layer injector 3; the double-layer injector 3 is vertically arranged at the inner side of the fixed seat 1, and the lower piston rod 31 is abutted with the fixed seat 1; the detection end of the sensor assembly 5 and the heating assembly 4 are arranged in the inner cavity of the double-layer injector 3 and are connected with the display end of the sensor assembly 5 through wiring.
In the embodiment, the fixing base 1 comprises a supporting frame 11, a clamp 12 and a box body structure 13 with an opening at one side, wherein the clamp 12 is fixed on the supporting frame 11;
The supporting frame 11 is sequentially embedded into a top plate and a bottom plate of the box body structure 13 from top to bottom, is arranged at the rear side of the pressure control device 2 and is arranged in parallel with the pressure control device 2;
the middle part of the supporting frame 11 is movably provided with a cross clamp;
screw holes penetrating through the plate surface are formed in the top plate of the box body structure 13.
In this embodiment, the holder 1 further comprises a skid 14 for adapting to double-layer syringes 3 of different heights.
The embodiment is provided with the box body structure 13 with one side open as a main body, so that an experimenter can observe the transformation in the demonstrator; the supporting frames 11 which are sequentially embedded into the top plate and the bottom plate of the box body structure 13 from top to bottom are combined with the cross clamp fixing clamp 12, and the double-layer injector 3 with different sizes and heights can be adaptively adjusted.
In this embodiment, the pressure control device 2 includes a screw 21, a nut 22, and handles 23 symmetrically installed at two sides of the end of the screw 21, where the nut 22 is installed at the back of the top plate of the box structure 13 and faces the screw hole; the screw 21 is vertically embedded into a screw hole of the fixed seat 1 and is screwed with the screw cap 22; the screw 21 is provided with threads on the surface; one end of the handle 23 is fixed on the screw 21, and the other end is provided with a limiting protrusion.
In this embodiment, the screw cap 22 is installed on the back surface of the top plate of the box structure 13, the screw 21 is positioned by using the screw hole, the movable installation of the screw 21 is realized by using the screw cap 22, and meanwhile, the stability of the screw 21 during the up-and-down movement is improved.
In this embodiment, the clamp 12 includes a first band and a second band, the first band and the second band being fastened by screw threads;
The middle part of the first strap is provided with a mounting rod, two ends of the first strap are provided with connecting blocks, the center of each connecting block is provided with a threaded hole, and the end parts of the mounting rods are fixed on the support frame 11 through cross clamps;
the two ends of the second strap are provided with connecting blocks, the center of the connecting block is provided with a threaded hole.
The first and second separate bands are provided in this embodiment, so that the double-layer syringe 3 of different sizes can be compatible with each other while ensuring the mounting stability.
In this embodiment, the dual layer syringe 3 comprises a syringe barrel, a piston rod 31; the upper part of the syringe barrel is provided with a syringe barrel joint, the lower part is provided with a first cylinder 32 and a second cylinder 33 which are sleeved outside the inner sleeve, and the syringe barrel joint is provided with a sealing plug;
A piston rod 31 is embedded in the first cylinder 32, the top of the first cylinder is connected with a syringe barrel joint, and a plurality of through holes 34 are formed in the side wall of the upper part of the first cylinder; the second cylinder 33 is sleeved on the outer layer of the first cylinder 32, and the top of the second cylinder is connected with the syringe cylinder joint;
The detection end of the sensor assembly 5 and the heating assembly 4 are arranged in the inner cavity of the first cylinder 32, and the wiring of the heating assembly passes through the through hole 34 and the inner cavity of the second cylinder 33 in sequence to be connected with the display end at the outer side; the through holes 34 are also provided with a sealing layer which wraps the wiring and covers the sealing through holes 34.
In the embodiment, a first cylinder 32 and a second cylinder 33 which are sleeved outside the inner sleeve are arranged to obtain the double-layer injector 3, the components are installed by arranging a through hole 34 on the side wall of the first cylinder 32, and the air tightness is ensured by utilizing a sealing layer; the sleeved second cylinder 33 can further realize the effects of safety protection and heat preservation.
In the present embodiment, the heating assembly 4 includes a heater 41, a small fan 42, the small fan 42 being installed at one side of the heater 41; the heater 41 and the small fan 42 are covered with a sealing layer outside the terminals and pass through the through holes 34.
Wherein the heater 41 may be provided according to requirements, including but not limited to ceramic heating plates. Because the hardness of the connecting terminal of the heater is higher, the heater 41 can be mounted in a suspending way by being matched with the sealing layer, so that the double-layer injector 3 is not damaged.
In the embodiment, the heater 41 is arranged in the double-layer injector 3 by matching with the pressure control device 2, so that a certain variable of temperature, volume and air pressure can be controlled to control test conditions; a small fan 42 is arranged in the double-layer injector 3, so that air flow can be accelerated during heating, the temperature of air in the injector can be kept consistent rapidly, and the experimental result is more accurate.
In the present embodiment, the sensor assembly 5 includes a display case 53, and a sensitive thermometer 51, a barometer 52 mounted in the display case 53; the display box 53 is fixed at the opening of the box body structure 13, and the side wall is provided with at least one display window; the thermocouple probe of the sensitive thermometer 51 and the air pressure conduit of the air pressure gauge 52 penetrate through the through hole 34 and into the inner cavity of the first cylinder 32.
In this embodiment, the through holes 34 of the first cylinder 32 are covered with a sealing layer, which may be selected as desired, such as glue injection molding.
In the embodiment, the sensitive thermometer 51 and the barometer 52 are connected into the double-layer injector 3, and the relation between various physical quantities can be quantitatively analyzed by observing and recording instrument readings and injector scales so as to facilitate operation tests.
In this embodiment, the support 11 is above the top plate and below the lowest rotational height of the screw 21.
The embodiment can carry out Boyle's law experiment, charles ' law, gaussac's law and demonstration of internal energy change, and is specifically as follows:
1. demonstration of Boyle's law experimental operation steps
As shown in table 1 below, the temperature sensitive meter 51 and the barometer 52 are opened, the piston rod 31 is pushed by rotating the screw 21, the gas volume is observed to decrease with the increase of the pressure, the volume and the gas pressure of the piston rod 31 at each scale are recorded, data are recorded, a table or a chart is listed, and when the temperature is fixed, the product of the volume and the pressure is almost a fixed value.
Table 1 list of data measured in boyle's law experiments
2. Demonstration of Charles' law experimental operation steps
Referring to fig. 4 and table 2, the piston rod 31 is pushed to a certain scale mark by the screw 21, the volume is kept unchanged, the heater 41 is turned on to raise the temperature of the gas, the change of the gas pressure which is increased with the temperature is observed, data is recorded every 10 ℃ of the temperature increase, a table or a chart is listed, and the ratio of the pressure to the temperature is known to be constant.
Table 2 list of data measured in charles law experiments
3. Demonstration of the Experimental procedure of the Law of Lussa
Referring to fig. 5 and table 3, the skid 14 is drawn away, the lower part of the piston rod 31 is kept suspended, the heater 41 is turned on to raise the temperature of the gas, the volume can be observed to increase along with the temperature, data is recorded every 10ml of the volume increase, a table or a chart is listed, and the ratio of the volume to the temperature is known to be constant.
TABLE 3 list of data measured in the Law of Gerschja's law experiment
4. Demonstration of two modes of operation steps for changing internal energy
By rapidly rotating the screw 21 to push the piston rod 31 to simulate the working process of the gas, the temperature rise can be observed, the heater 41 is turned on to raise the temperature, the temperature difference generated between the heater 41 and the gas simulates the heat transfer process, the temperature gauge indication rise can be observed, and therefore the fact that the working and heat transfer of the gas change the gas internal energy is known.
According to the embodiment of the utility model, the pressure control device 2 and the double-layer injector 3 are arranged on the fixed seat 1, the double-layer injector 3 can be pressed by the pressure control device 2 to realize compression control of air pressure, meanwhile, the heating component 4 is arranged in the double-layer injector 3 to realize control of air temperature, and further, the sensor component 5 is used for carrying out real-time monitoring and observation, so that effective combination of functions of a plurality of traditional experimental instruments is realized, various experimental conditions are created, students can feel related physical processes conveniently, and the device is simple in structure, easy to operate and low in cost.
The above examples are preferred embodiments of the present utility model, but the embodiments of the present utility model are not limited to the above examples, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications that do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present utility model should be made in the equivalent manner, and the embodiments are included in the protection scope of the present utility model.
Claims (8)
1. A thermodynamic demonstration device, characterized in that: comprises a fixed seat and a fixing seat, the pressure control device, the double-layer injector, the heating component and the sensor component are arranged on the fixed seat; the pressure control device is rotationally embedded into the fixed seat from top to bottom, and the bottom is abutted with the front end of the double-layer injector; the double-layer injector is vertically arranged on the inner side of the fixed seat, and the lower piston rod is in butt joint with the fixed seat; the detection end of the sensor component and the heating component are arranged in the inner cavity of the double-layer injector and are connected with the display end of the sensor component through wiring.
2. A thermodynamic demonstration device as claimed in claim 1 wherein: the fixing seat comprises a supporting frame, a clamp and a box body structure with an opening at one side, and the clamp is fixed on the supporting frame;
the supporting frame is sequentially embedded into the top plate and the bottom plate of the box body structure from top to bottom, is arranged at the rear side of the pressure control device and is arranged in parallel with the pressure control device;
a cross clamp is movably arranged in the middle of the support frame;
screw holes penetrating through the plate surface are formed in the top plate of the box body structure.
3. A thermodynamic demonstration device as claimed in claim 2 wherein: the pressure control device comprises a screw rod, a screw cap and handles symmetrically arranged at two sides of the tail end of the screw rod, the screw cap is arranged on the back surface of a top plate of the box body structure and is opposite to the screw hole, and the screw hole vertically embedded in the fixing seat of the screw rod is screwed with the screw cap; the surface of the screw is provided with threads; one end of the handle is fixed on the screw rod, and the other end of the handle is provided with a limiting protrusion.
4. A thermodynamic demonstration device as claimed in claim 2 wherein: the clamp comprises a first hoop and a second hoop, and the first hoop and the second hoop are fixed through screw threads;
The middle part of the first strap is provided with a mounting rod, two ends of the first strap are provided with connecting blocks, the center of each connecting block is provided with a threaded hole, and the end parts of the mounting rods are fixed on the support frame through cross clamps;
connecting blocks are arranged at two ends of the second hoops, and threaded holes are formed in the centers of the connecting blocks.
5. A thermodynamic demonstration device as claimed in claim 2 wherein: the double-layer injector comprises an injector cylinder and a piston rod; the upper part of the syringe barrel is provided with a syringe barrel joint, the lower part of the syringe barrel is provided with a first cylinder and a second cylinder which are sleeved outside the syringe barrel, and the syringe barrel joint is provided with a sealing plug;
The piston rod is embedded in the first cylinder, the top of the piston rod is connected with the injector cylinder joint, and a plurality of through holes are formed in the side wall of the upper part of the piston rod; the second cylinder is sleeved on the outer layer of the first cylinder, and the top of the second cylinder is connected with the injector cylinder joint;
The detection end of the sensor component and the heating component are arranged in the inner cavity of the first cylinder, and the wiring of the heating component sequentially passes through the through hole and the inner cavity of the second cylinder to be connected with the display end at the outer side; and a sealing layer is further arranged on the through hole, and the sealing layer wraps the wiring and covers and seals the through hole.
6. A thermodynamic demonstration device according to claim 5 wherein: the heating assembly comprises a heater and a small fan, and the small fan is arranged on one side of the heater; the heater and the terminal of the small fan are covered with the sealing layer and pass through the through hole.
7. A thermodynamic demonstration device according to claim 5 wherein: the sensor assembly comprises a display box, and a sensitive thermometer and a barometer which are arranged in the display box; the display box is fixed at the opening of the box body structure, and the side wall of the display box is provided with at least one display window; the thermocouple probe of the sensitive thermometer and the air pressure conduit of the air pressure meter penetrate through the through hole and penetrate into the inner cavity of the first cylinder.
8. A thermodynamic demonstration device as claimed in claim 3 wherein: the support is above the top plate and below the lowest rotational height of the screw.
Priority Applications (1)
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CN202322833544.3U CN221668428U (en) | 2023-10-20 | 2023-10-20 | Thermodynamic demonstration instrument |
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CN202322833544.3U CN221668428U (en) | 2023-10-20 | 2023-10-20 | Thermodynamic demonstration instrument |
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CN221668428U true CN221668428U (en) | 2024-09-06 |
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CN202322833544.3U Active CN221668428U (en) | 2023-10-20 | 2023-10-20 | Thermodynamic demonstration instrument |
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