CN2215135Y - Celestial running state demonstrating instrument - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to tos a celestial body running state instrument which is composed of a motor, a plumb shaft, an oblique shaft, a transmission mechanism and a dial plate mechanism, wherein, the dial plate mechanism comprises a celestial body dial plate device, a sun dial plate device, a moon dial plate device and an earth dial plate device, and all the dial plates are positioned in a plane which has a 23 DEG 30' angle with level. The center points of the sun, the earth and the moon on the dial plates are connected into one line and are parallel to the dial plates, and the axis line of the sun is vertical to the dial plates. The axis line of the earth and the axis line of the moon are plumb and have a 66 DEG 33'included angle with the dial plates, and the central extension line of the plumb shaft and the central extension line of the oblique shaft are crossed in the rotating center of the dial plates. The utility model has the advantage of multiple functions and can be used for the school, the exhibition hall, the research institution, the station, the quay and other locations for demonstrating celestial body running scene.

Description

Celestial running state demonstrating instrument

The utility model relates to a kind of motion of celestial body state instrument, demonstrate the operation conditions that celestial body mainly is the sun, the earth and the moon visually, be mainly used in school, exhibition center, research institution and harbour, station, airport, conference hall etc., as teaching, exhibition and demonstrating appliance, also can supply astrophile's family expenses.

Prior art is a three-globe instrument, has the sun that is positioned at the center, next door that the earth is arranged on horizontal dial plate and around the geocyclic moon, 360 ° the scale and the scale of 24 solar term is arranged on the dial plate.Its weak point is that function is few.

The purpose of this utility model is to overcome above-mentioned weak point of the prior art and provides more than a kind of function and more comprehensive and accurate the motion of celestial body state instrument of demonstrating motion of celestial body live telecast.

The purpose of this utility model can reach by following measure: the utility model is by motor, vertical axis, inclined shaft, gear train and dial plate mechanism form, dial plate mechanism comprises celestial body dial plate device, sun dial plate device, moon dial plate device and earth dial plate device, all dial plates be in same become with level 23 ° 30 ' the plane in, the sun on the dial plate, the central point of the earth and the moon connects being aligned and parallel with dial plate, sun axial line is vertical with dial plate, earth axial line is vertical with moon axial line and becomes 66 ° of 30 ' angles with dial plate, and vertical axis center extended line and inclined shaft center extended line intersect at the dial plate rotation center.

The drawing of accompanying drawing is described as follows:

Fig. 1 is total figure of the present utility model;

Fig. 2 is that the A of Fig. 1 is to view;

Fig. 3 only represents the figure in celestial body dial plate front in view for the A of Fig. 1;

Fig. 4 is the B portion enlarged drawing of Fig. 3, the part of expression catalog of celestial bodies dial scale;

Fig. 5 does not represent outrigger and draws the hammer pointer watch dial for the A of Fig. 1 only represents sun dial plate front in view figure among the figure;

Fig. 6 is the C portion enlarged drawing of Fig. 5, the part of expression sun dial plate;

Fig. 7 only represents the figure in moon dial plate front in view for the A of Fig. 1;

Fig. 8 is the johning knot composition of month ball journal and moon dial plate;

Fig. 9 is the D-D cut-open view of Fig. 8;

Figure 10 only represents the enlarged drawing in earth dial plate front in view for the A of Fig. 1;

Figure 11 is the partial enlarged drawing of Figure 10 central authorities;

Figure 12 always schemes for the utility model of manual transmission.

The utility model is described in further detail below in conjunction with embodiment and accompanying drawing:

Celestial body dial plate device is referring to Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4, comprise celestial body dial plate 7 and support 8, support 8 is the semilune criss-cross construction, top is connected with the back side of celestial body dial plate 7, bottom and vertical axis 2 and inclined shaft 17 are outer traps and 41 is connected, and vertical axis 2 also drives inclined shaft 17 when driving 7 rotations of celestial body dial plates and rotates.Five groups of scales are arranged on the front of celestial body dial plate 7, and each center of organizing scale is dial plate rotation center 16.The outmost turns scale is 1 year 12 months and 12 constellations representing celestial body, concrete arrange as follows: January Gemini, February kingcrab star and lion star, March, April unmarried girl's star, May sky gradations marked on the beam of steelyard and Scorpio, June, July forces' star, August Capricorn star and Aguarius star, September, October Pisces star and Aries star, November, Dec Taurus.Inwardly be four circle spaces and date lattice totally five circles successively, each lattice distance that all staggers between five circles, outpour from January 1 to Dec 31 in the date lattice totally 365 lattice, consider that it is 365 days 5: 48 ' 46 that the earth orbits the sun ", the aforesaid distance that staggers is exactly " the shared case of representing 5: 48 ' 46.The using method in date lattice and four circle spaces is as follows: when the pointer on the sun dial plate 9 26 is pointed out the day moon of what year, back two digits then such as this year be 94 by 4 remove remainder 2, then pointer 26 should refer to from inner ring outwards number second circle to should month day the space, last year be 93 remainder 1, should refer to corresponding lattice to first lap, remainder 3 refers to that to the 3rd lattice remainder 4 promptly just in time eliminates (year is moistened in expression) and refers to the 4th lattice.Inwardly be 360 degree lattice again, also be marked with 24 solar term, as 270 °, 285 °, 300 ° of annotating on the dial plate, corresponding solar term are Winter Solstice, Slight Cold, Great Cold, be March 20 Spring Equinox when 0 ° of starting point or 360 °, according to the indication rule in aforementioned four circle spaces, also may be March 19 and March 21 Spring Equinox.Again inwardly just the inner ring of celestial body dial plate be four groups from 0 ° to 23 ° 30 ' scale, its scale distribute be the dial plate minimum point be-23 ° 30 ', this place also is marked with " south pole " 4, dial plate peak+23 ° 30 ', this place also is marked with " north pole " 3, and the mid point scale between dial plate minimum point and peak is 0 °.

Sun dial plate device is referring to Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 5 and Fig. 6, comprise the sun 24, sun dial plate 9, support 10, outrigger 18, axle 20 and 22, pointer 21 and 26, sleeve 27, draw hammer 28 and draw hammer pointer watch dial 19, support 10 is the semilune criss-cross construction, top is connected with the back side of sun dial plate 9, the bottom is connected with inclined shaft 17 middle cover 42 outward, with the screw-nut 44 of cover and inclined shaft in passing middle cover and inclined shaft is fixed.There are two circle scales in the front of sun dial plate 9, and outmost turns is carved with 709 lattice, and representing the moon is 709 hours around the time of the earth one circle, is pointed out that by the pointer 36 that is positioned on the moon dial plate 13 center of this 709 lattice scale is a dial plate rotation center 16.Inner ring is carved with 360 ° of lines, and the center of scale is earth axle center (being the rotation center) 40, is representing the moon around the geocyclic number of degrees.The physical location of the sun should be at the far place of leaving sun dial plate 9, consider manufacturing of the present utility model and operational feasibility, and shift near the sun to the outrigger 18 of dial plate 9 and draw on the hammer pointer watch dial 19, the inner of outrigger 18 is fixed on the axle 20, pointer 21 is fixed in axle 20 and is closely attached on the dial plate 9, axle 22 is arranged on the outer end of outrigger 18, and drawing hammer pointer watch dial 19 has around axle 22 central circular tracks 23, the sun 24 in revolution along track 23 operation and rotations.Pointer 21 is positioned at the axle 20 times of outrigger 18, and its position is that pointer center line 25 and 0 ° of case coincide with 709 cases or 0 case, draws to hammer 28 into shape and be hung on the bearing pin 15 that passes sleeve 27.On the sun dial plate 9 with on the diagonal line of pointer 21 another pointer 26 is being arranged, pointer 26 is closely attached on the dial plate 9 equally.When pointer 26 indicated this year in pairing month, date and time, what then pointer 21 was indicated was sun apparent place height to terrestrial equator when this date, and this height value is the scale on the sun dial plate 9 inner rings in 0-23 ° of 30 ' scope.Because the hammer 28 that draws that draws under the hammer pointer watch dial 19 plays balance bob, to guarantee that dial plate 19 is when the sun dial plate 9 that tilts rotates, the sun is positioned at the invariant position on the rotation track 23, promptly on the dial plate 19 " south pole " 6 and " north pole " 5 center on lines to cheat eventually with " south pole " 4 of celestial body dial plate with " north pole " 3 center on lines be parallel.

Moon dial plate device is referring to Fig. 1, Fig. 2 and Fig. 7, comprise the moon 34, moon dial plate 13, support 14, pointer 36, month ball journal 29, sleeve 30, balance bob 31, right- angled intersection axle 32 and 33, support 14 is the semilune structure, top is connected with moon dial plate 13 back sides, outer the going up on the cover 43 in inclined shaft upper end is fixed in the bottom, last cover 43 is divided into two sections, and the centre has link 45 that two sections are connected together.Moon dial plate 13 becomes 23 ° 30 with level ', and a month ball journal 29 is vertical all the time, this by the moon ball journal 29 be that universal-joint spindle is connected and realizes with dial plate 13 for the right-angled intersection axle.Concrete structure is seen Fig. 8 and Fig. 9, sleeve 30 is arranged on the dial plate 13, month ball journal 29 upper ends have the moon 34 and lower end to have balance bob 31 to see Fig. 1, there is prolate hole 35 at month ball journal middle part, the longitudinal axis 32 of right-angled intersection axle passes prolate hole 35 and two ends are fixed on the sleeve 30, and the straight diameter ratio shaft of the transverse axis 33(of right-angled intersection axle 32 is little) pass axle 32 and two ends and be fixed in the moon on the ball journal 29 that has flat hole 35.Being fixed on moon ball journal 29 and being closely attached on pointer 36 on the dial plate 13 is to be used to refer to the apparent place height of the moon at that time (being four groups of 0-23 ° 30 ' of the inner ring of celestial body dial plate 7).

Earth dial plate device comprises the earth 39, earth dial plate 37, step disk 46, support 38, earth axis, balance bob and right-angled intersection axle referring to Fig. 1, Fig. 2 and Figure 10.There is step disk 46 below of earth dial plate 37, and five central shafts of gear Z10, Z11, Z12, Z13, Z14 and Z15 link together earth dial plate 37 and step disk 46.Support 38 is the falcate structure of not enough semicircle, and top is connected with step disk 46, and the inclined shaft upper end is fixed in the bottom.

Earth axis top has the earth 39 and bottom that balance bob is arranged, earth axis is identical with being connected of moon dial plate with aforementioned month ball journal with the connection of earth dial plate, all be that the right-angled intersection axle connects, thus guaranteed to become with level 23 ° 30 ' earth dial plate earth axis when inclined shaft 17 rotations but be vertical all the time.Earth axis center 40 liftoff ball dial plate rotation centers 16 have certain distance on the earth surface 37, and this distance is exactly the orbit radius of the earth around rotation center 16 rotations.Earth dial plate rotation center 16 also is the rotation center of whole dial plate, and this center 16 still is the intersection point of inclined shaft 17 and vertical axis 2 center extended lines.Because rotation center 16 is departed from earth rotation center 40, just demonstrating the moon is the actual conditions of moving by elliptical orbit around the sun around the earth and the earth.Be that the center is carved with 24 lattice and is represented 24 hours scale with the earth rotation center on the earth dial plate 37, it is ground, Northern Hemisphere Figure 47 that there be the projection of terrestrial globe on dial plate 37 in central authorities, to demonstrate the time of various places, as London Greenwich Mean Time be 0 point, Beijing is 8 points, also can find out the time in Cairo and Washington etc.

Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 represent total figure of the present utility model, gear train of the present utility model comprises reduction gear 12 and transmission gear Z1-Z15, the revolution that the speed ratio of reduction gear 12 should satisfy vertical axis 2 is per 24 hours one circles, twoly go out spindle motor 11 upper shafts and throw off by the hypomere of clutch coupling and vertical axis 2, the epimere of vertical axis 2 closes with following intersegmental clutch coupling, and vertical axis 2, gear Z1, Z2 and Z3 are loaded on the bearing 1.Behind the starter motor 11, the epimere and the hypomere of motor lower end through-drive reduction gear 12, vertical axis 2, the epimere of vertical axis 2 drives support 8 and rotates with the speed of per 24 hours one circles around vertical axis together with celestial body dial plate 7, meanwhile, also driving inclined shaft 17 still rotates around vertical axis with the speed of per 24 hours one circles.The transmission of sun dial plate 9 is finished by transmission gear Z1-Z4, and the number of teeth of Z4 is 1461, and Z4 is fixedlyed connected with inclined shaft 17, and the gear ratio of Z1 and Z2 is 1:4, and the present embodiment Z1 number of teeth is 24, and Z2 is 96, and Z3 is 16.When vertical axis 2 was rotated with the speed of per 24 hours one circles together with celestial body dial plate 7, cover 42 and support 10 rotated around inclined shaft with the speed of per 365 days 6 hours one circles together with sun dial plate 9 during inclined shaft 17 bands drove by screw-nut 44.Meanwhile, because earth dial plate 37 is fixed on the inclined shaft 17 by support 38, so it also is 365 days 6 hours that earth dial plate revolves the time of turning around around inclined shaft, only Duoed 11 minutes and 14 seconds than the real time of revolution of earth one circle, demonstrate out the running status of the earth quite exactly.Gear Z5 on the inclined shaft 17 drives Z6, Z7 successively and Z8 finishes by being fixed in the transmission of moon dial plate 13.The Z5 number of teeth is all 1461 mutually with Z4, the gear ratio of Z6 and Z7 is 1:6, the number of teeth of present embodiment Z6 is 16, Z7 is 96, the number of teeth of Z8 is 709, when inclined shaft 17 drove earth dial plates 37 and turns around to revolve in per 365 days 6 hours, moon dial plate 13 revolved with per 709 hours and turns around, and this just in time demonstrates out the real time of the moon around the earth one circle.The transmission of the earth 39 rotations is finished by gear Z9-Z15, ring gear Z9 is fixed in the back side of moon dial plate 13, the number of teeth of ring gear Z9 is all 709 mutually with Z8, and the rotation center of gear Z14 overlaps with the rotation center 16 of earth dial plate 37, and rotation center 16 is a center of attraction.The number of teeth of present embodiment Z10 and Z12 is 24, the number of teeth of Z13 and Z15 is 96, Z11 and Z14 are neutral gear, its number of teeth can determine at rotation center 16 at earth axis center 40 and Z14 center according to the Z10 center, the gear ratio of Z9 and Z10 is 709:24, when moon dial plate 13 revolved the speed operation of turning around with per 709 hours, ring gear Z9 drove Z10-Z15 successively, and what obtain is that the earth turned around in per 24 hours certainly.Comprehensive above-mentioned gear train operating condition obtains following motion of celestial body result: the celestial body dial plate moved one around vertical axis 2 in per 24 hours and encloses, the sun and earth dial plate moved one around inclined shaft 17 in per 365.25 days and enclose, moon dial plate moved one around inclined shaft 17 in per 709 hours and encloses, per 24 hours of the earth is from turning around, and sun dial plate, moon dial plate and earth dial plate also revolve around vertical axis 2 with per 24 hours of celestial body dial plate simultaneously and turn around.

Follow these steps to earlier adjust initial state before starting the utility model: as starting at 9 o'clock in the morning on November 22nd, 1994 with method, earlier 26 points of the pointer on the sun dial plate 9 were referred to 9 o'clock on the 22nd November, find out that from celestial body dial plate outmost turns the moon and the earth all are in the celestial body between the Aries and Taurus.Another pointer 21 from the sun dial plate 9 and the pointer 36 on the moon dial plate 13 are pointed out the sun and the moon apparent place height to terrestrial equator respectively then.Beijing time with Northern Hemisphere map on the earth dial plate 37 transferred to 9 o'clock at last, and reference position is promptly accused to adjust and finished, and behind the starter motor, what demonstrated is exactly the actual motion state of celestial body in a year.

The utility model should be made the usefulness of permanent demonstration, can be used for research institution, professional exhibition center and teaching unit, is given in special demonstration chamber, also can be used for harbour, station, airport, conference hall etc., all the year round at any time for the usefulness of watching, imparting knowledge to students and studying.

Consider sun dial plate, the travelling speed that moon dial plate and earth dial plate are demonstrated is too slow, the utility model is divided into two sections with vertical axis 2, the centre connects with clutch coupling, accelerate the demonstration speed of above-mentioned three dial plates as need, the last hypomere of vertical axis can be thrown off, epimere drives the celestial body dial plate by circle rotation in 24 hours, above-mentioned three dial plates just can be by the speed transmission of the direct transmission gear of motor, as the motor revolution is 1000 rev/mins, then sun dial plate just can reach per minute about 3 changes, promptly can demonstrate out the i.e. operational effect of three balls of above-mentioned three dial plates soon, thereby, be applicable to class Chang Shangxiang student and demonstrate operational effect.

The utility model can also be without motor and gear train and is adopted hand to advise, referring to Figure 11.Bearing pin 48 is arranged on the base 49, dial plate frame bottom is a sleeve 50, sleeve 50 is placed on the bearing pin 48, the dial plate frame just can be around axle 48 rotations of vertical, there is handle 51 inclined shaft 17 lower ends, rotate support under each dial plate, rotate each dial plate or turning handle to drive each relevant dial plate rotation, to demonstrate out the motion of celestial body state.So the actual motion rule of reaction celestial body but this demonstration is inaccurate is the performance that only should present a demonstration.

The utility model contrast prior art has following advantage; Function is many, can at any time demonstrate out comprehensively, more true to nature and accurately celestial running state demonstrating watch for people. As: the geographical position relation of the earth, the Sun and the Moon; Three balls were in what constellation positions of celestial body at that time; The sun and the moon are to the apparent place height of terrestrial equator; Be at that time which day of what solar term and these solar term; At that time Beijing time and the in the world time of each main cities; Date of day, lunar eclipse etc. takes place.

Claims (6)

1, a kind of motion of celestial body state instrument, it is characterized in that, by motor, vertical axis, inclined shaft, gear train and dial plate mechanism form, dial plate mechanism comprises celestial body dial plate device, sun dial plate device, moon dial plate device and earth dial plate device, all dial plates be in same become with level 23 ° 30 ' the plane in, the sun on the dial plate, the central point of the earth and the moon connects being aligned and parallel with dial plate, sun axial line is vertical with dial plate, earth axial line is vertical with moon axial line and becomes 66 ° of 30 ' angles with dial plate, and vertical axis center extended line and inclined shaft center extended line intersect at the dial plate rotation center.

2, motion of celestial body state instrument according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, celestial body dial plate device comprises celestial body dial plate and support, support top is connected with the celestial body dial plate, the bottom is connected in vertical axis and puts down, the catalog of celestial bodies dial scale from outer have toward in 12 months with 12 constellations representing celestial body, each month number of days four enclose spaces, 24 solar term and four groups of 0-23 ° 30 '.

3, motion of celestial body state instrument according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, sun dial plate device comprises the sun, sun dial plate, support, outrigger, axle, pointer, sleeve, draws hammer and draws the hammer pointer watch dial, support top is connected with sun dial plate, the bottom is connected with middle cover, sun dial plate outer ring scale has 709 lattice, and inner ring has 360 ° of scale marks, and it is parallel with celestial pole center, the north and south on line of celestial body dial plate to draw hammer celestial pole center, pointer watch dial north and south on line.

4, motion of celestial body state instrument according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, moon dial plate device comprises the moon, moon dial plate, support, pointer, month ball journal, sleeve, balance bob and right-angled intersection axle, support top is connected with moon dial plate, the bottom is connected in and puts, the moon, the moon was arranged at ball journal top, and balance bob is arranged at the bottom, and a month ball journal has the right-angled intersection axle to be connected with moon dial plate upper bush.

5, motion of celestial body state instrument according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, earth dial plate device comprises the earth, earth dial plate, step disk, support, earth axis, balance bob and right-angled intersection axle, and support top is connected with the step disk axle, and the bottom is fixed on the inclined shaft, the earth is arranged at earth axis top, balance bob is arranged at the bottom, and earth axis is that the right-angled intersection axle is connected with earth dial plate, earth axis deviation earth dial plate center, earth dial plate has 24 lattice scales, and there is Northern Hemisphere map in central authorities.

6, motion of celestial body state instrument according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, gear train comprises reduction gear and the moving Z1-Z15 of driving cog, the number of teeth of Z4 and Z5 is 1461, the gear ratio of Z1, Z2 is 1:4, the number of teeth of Z8 and Z9 is 709, and the gear ratio of Z6, Z7 is 1:6, and the gear ratio of Z9 and Z10 is 709:24.

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