CN221262954U - Outer cavity frequency multiplication butterfly-shaped cavity structure, fundamental frequency optical coupling device and laser - Google Patents
Outer cavity frequency multiplication butterfly-shaped cavity structure, fundamental frequency optical coupling device and laser Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
An external cavity frequency multiplication butterfly cavity structure, a fundamental frequency optical coupling device and a laser. The outer chamber frequency multiplication butterfly-shaped chamber structure includes: a pair of plano-concave spherical mirrors, a pair of plano-concave cylindrical mirrors and a frequency doubling crystal. The pair of plano-concave spherical mirrors and the pair of plano-concave cylindrical mirrors form a butterfly-shaped cavity structure which is symmetrically distributed, and the pair of plano-concave cylindrical mirrors are symmetrically distributed on two sides of the frequency doubling crystal. The difference of the light spot eigenmodes of the frequency doubling crystal in the walk-off direction and the direction perpendicular to the walk-off direction can be realized by adopting the plano-concave cylindrical mirror pair, and the light spot size of the frequency doubling crystal in the walk-off direction is larger than that of the frequency doubling crystal in the direction perpendicular to the walk-off direction. And a plano-concave spherical mirror is adopted, so that the self-reproduction of the stable mode of the walk-off direction of the frequency doubling crystal is effectively ensured. Therefore, when the frequency multiplication crystal with the strong walk-off effect is adopted by the outer cavity frequency multiplication butterfly cavity structure, the frequency multiplication efficiency can be effectively improved, and the damage resistance threshold of the frequency multiplication crystal can be improved by increasing the spot size at the beam waist in the walk-off direction frequency multiplication crystal.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of laser, in particular to an external cavity frequency multiplication butterfly-shaped cavity structure, a fundamental frequency optical coupling device and a laser.
Background
The external cavity frequency doubling technology is an effective means for realizing continuous optical high-efficiency frequency doubling. The traditional external cavity frequency multiplication generally adopts a four-mirror symmetrical butterfly cavity structure of 'flat-concave', wherein, as the two flat concave reflectors are spherical mirrors, the light spot symmetry degree in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction of the cavity internal mode adopting the butterfly cavity structure is higher, the frequency multiplication conversion efficiency is limited to a certain extent by adopting the frequency multiplication crystal with strong walk-off effect, and in order to ensure the frequency multiplication efficiency, the higher fundamental frequency optical power density in the frequency multiplication crystal is ensured, and the limitation of lower damage resistance threshold of the frequency multiplication crystal is also caused.
Disclosure of utility model
The application provides an external cavity frequency multiplication butterfly-shaped cavity structure, a fundamental frequency optical coupling device and a laser, and mainly aims to improve the damage resistance threshold of a frequency multiplication crystal on the premise of guaranteeing frequency multiplication efficiency.
According to a first aspect of the present application, there is provided an external cavity frequency doubling butterfly cavity structure comprising: a pair of plano-concave spherical mirrors, a pair of plano-concave cylindrical mirrors, and a frequency doubling crystal;
the pair of plano-concave spherical mirrors and the pair of plano-concave cylindrical mirrors form a butterfly-shaped cavity structure which is symmetrically distributed, and the pair of plano-concave cylindrical mirrors are symmetrically distributed on two sides of the frequency doubling crystal.
In one embodiment, any one of the pair of plano-concave spherical mirrors is an input coupling mirror, and the other is a first mirror; any one of the pair of plano-concave cylindrical mirrors is a second reflecting mirror, and the other one of the pair of plano-concave cylindrical mirrors is an output coupling mirror.
In one embodiment, the input coupling mirror is used to achieve impedance matching.
In an embodiment, the first mirror and the output coupling mirror are each configured to reflect the fundamental light.
In one embodiment, the second mirror is configured to reflect the fundamental frequency light and transmit the frequency-doubled light.
According to a second aspect of the present application, there is provided a fundamental frequency optical coupling device comprising: a cylindrical lens group and the outer cavity frequency doubling butterfly cavity structure; the cylindrical lens group is used for carrying out mode matching on fundamental frequency light along the walk-off direction of the frequency doubling crystal.
In one embodiment, the lens system further comprises a spherical lens group, wherein the center of the cylindrical lens group, the center of the spherical lens group and the centers of the pair of plano-concave spherical mirrors are all coincident with the optical path generated by the fundamental frequency source.
In one embodiment, the spherical lens group is used for performing mode matching on the fundamental frequency light along the walk-off direction of the frequency doubling crystal, and is used for performing mode matching on the fundamental frequency light along the walk-off direction perpendicular to the frequency doubling crystal; the cylindrical lens group is positioned between the spherical lens group and the plano-concave spherical lens, or the spherical lens group is positioned between the cylindrical lens group and the plano-concave spherical lens.
In one embodiment, the cylindrical lens group comprises at least one cylindrical lens and/or the spherical lens group comprises at least one spherical lens.
According to a third aspect of the present application, there is provided a laser comprising the fundamental frequency optical coupling device described above.
According to the outer cavity frequency multiplication butterfly cavity structure in the embodiment, in the butterfly cavity design process, the plano-concave cylindrical mirror pair is adopted to replace the plano-concave spherical mirror pair in the traditional symmetrical butterfly cavity structure, so that the difference of the intrinsic modes of the light spots of the frequency multiplication crystal in the walk-away direction and the direction perpendicular to the walk-away direction can be realized, the light spot size of the frequency multiplication crystal in the walk-away direction is larger than the light spot size of the frequency multiplication crystal in the direction perpendicular to the walk-away direction, and the light spots at the fundamental frequency beam waist in the frequency multiplication crystal are designed to be elliptical light spots. The parallel plane mirror pairs in the traditional symmetrical butterfly-shaped cavity structure are replaced by the plane concave spherical mirror pairs, so that the self-reproduction of the stable mode of the walk-off direction of the frequency doubling crystal is effectively ensured. Therefore, when the frequency multiplication crystal with the strong walk-off effect is adopted by the outer cavity frequency multiplication butterfly cavity structure, the frequency multiplication efficiency can be effectively improved, and the spot size at the beam waist in the walk-off direction frequency multiplication crystal can be increased, so that the damage resistance threshold of the frequency multiplication crystal is improved, and the service life of a laser adopting the outer cavity frequency multiplication butterfly cavity structure is prolonged.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a fundamental frequency optical coupling device according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of an equivalent optical path perpendicular to the walk-off direction of a frequency doubling crystal in a fundamental frequency optical coupling device according to an embodiment of the present application;
Fig. 3 is an equivalent optical path diagram of a frequency doubling crystal walk-off direction in a fundamental frequency optical coupling device according to an embodiment of the present application.
Reference numerals illustrate: 1. the lens comprises a plano-concave spherical mirror, an input coupling mirror, a first reflecting mirror, a plano-concave cylindrical mirror, an output coupling mirror, a second reflecting mirror, a frequency doubling crystal, a cylindrical lens group and a spherical lens group.
Detailed Description
The application will be described in further detail below with reference to the drawings by means of specific embodiments. Wherein like elements in different embodiments are numbered alike in association. In the following embodiments, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a better understanding of the present application. However, one skilled in the art will readily recognize that some of the features may be omitted, or replaced by other elements, materials, or methods in different situations. In some instances, related operations of the present application have not been shown or described in the specification in order to avoid obscuring the core portions of the present application, and may be unnecessary to persons skilled in the art from a detailed description of the related operations, which may be presented in the description and general knowledge of one skilled in the art.
Furthermore, the described features, operations, or characteristics of the description may be combined in any suitable manner in various embodiments. Also, various steps or acts in the method descriptions may be interchanged or modified in a manner apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art. Thus, the various orders in the description and drawings are for clarity of description of only certain embodiments, and are not meant to be required orders unless otherwise indicated.
The numbering of the components itself, e.g. "first", "second", etc., is used herein merely to distinguish between the described objects and does not have any sequential or technical meaning. The term "coupled" as used herein includes both direct and indirect coupling (coupling), unless otherwise indicated.
The outer cavity frequency doubling technology is an effective means for realizing continuous optical efficient frequency doubling, and a traditional symmetrical butterfly-shaped cavity structure is adopted for a core butterfly-shaped frequency doubling outer cavity. The traditional symmetrical butterfly cavity structure consists of two parallel plane reflectors and two plano-concave spherical mirrors, and has higher light spot symmetry degree in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction in the cavity, when the frequency doubling crystal with strong walk-off effect is adopted, not only the frequency doubling conversion efficiency is limited to a certain extent, but also higher fundamental frequency optical power density in the frequency doubling crystal is ensured in order to ensure the frequency doubling efficiency, but also the limitation of lower damage resistance threshold of the frequency doubling crystal is caused. In order to solve the problem, in the application, aiming at the strongly-moving frequency doubling crystal, in order to effectively improve the frequency doubling efficiency and prolong the service life of a laser, the light spot size of the moving direction of the frequency doubling crystal is moderately enlarged, namely, by adopting the symmetrical butterfly-shaped cavity structural design based on the spherical mirror and the cylindrical mirror in the application, the light beam waist light spot of the fundamental frequency in the frequency doubling crystal is designed to be elliptical, the moving direction of the frequency doubling crystal corresponds to the long axis direction of the elliptical light spot, and the moving direction of the frequency doubling crystal is perpendicular to the short axis direction of the elliptical light spot. The specific technical scheme is as follows:
referring to fig. 1-3, in one embodiment of the present application, an external cavity frequency doubling butterfly cavity structure is provided, which includes: a pair of plano-concave spherical mirrors 1, a pair of plano-concave cylindrical mirrors 2, and a frequency doubling crystal 3. The pair of plano-concave spherical mirrors 1 and the pair of plano-concave cylindrical mirrors 2 form a butterfly-shaped cavity structure which is symmetrically distributed, and the pair of plano-concave cylindrical mirrors 2 are symmetrically distributed on two sides of the frequency doubling crystal 3.
By adopting the outer cavity frequency multiplication butterfly cavity structure in the above embodiment, in the butterfly cavity design process, the plano-concave cylindrical mirror 2 pair is adopted to replace the plano-concave spherical mirror pair in the traditional symmetrical butterfly cavity structure, so that the difference of the light spot eigenmodes of the frequency multiplication crystal 3 in the walk-away direction (corresponding to the vertical direction in fig. 1) and the direction perpendicular to the walk-away direction (i.e. the non-walk-away direction and corresponding to the horizontal direction in fig. 1) can be realized, and the light spot size of the frequency multiplication crystal 3 in the walk-away direction is larger than the light spot size of the frequency multiplication crystal 3 in the direction perpendicular to the walk-away direction, namely, the light spot at the fundamental frequency light beam waist in the frequency multiplication crystal 3 is designed into an elliptical light spot. The parallel plane mirror pair in the traditional symmetrical butterfly-shaped cavity structure is replaced by the plane concave spherical mirror pair 1, so that the self-reproduction of the stable mode of the walk-off direction of the frequency doubling crystal 3 is effectively ensured. Therefore, when the frequency multiplication crystal 3 with the strong walk-off effect is adopted, the frequency multiplication efficiency can be effectively improved, and the spot size at the beam waist in the frequency multiplication crystal 3 in the walk-off direction can be increased, so that the damage resistance threshold of the frequency multiplication crystal 3 is improved, and the service life of a laser adopting the frequency multiplication butterfly cavity structure with the external cavity is prolonged.
Specifically, any one of the pair of plano-concave spherical mirrors 1 is an input coupling mirror 11, and the other of the pair of plano-concave spherical mirrors 1 is a first reflecting mirror 12. Either one of the pair of plano-concave cylindrical mirrors 2 is a second reflecting mirror 22, and the other one of the pair of plano-concave cylindrical mirrors 2 is an output coupling mirror 21. The input coupling mirror 11 is used for impedance matching, so as to couple external laser light into the resonant cavity (i.e. butterfly cavity). The first reflecting mirror 12 and the output coupling mirror 21 are both used for reflecting the fundamental frequency light, so that the fundamental frequency light generates oscillation and resonance inside the butterfly cavity. The second mirror 22 is used for reflecting the fundamental frequency light and transmitting the frequency-doubled light. The frequency doubling crystal 3 is used as a core component of the butterfly-shaped cavity, is the frequency doubling crystal 3 with a strong walk-off effect, and can convert fundamental frequency light into frequency doubling light.
Specifically, referring to fig. 1, a pair of plano-concave spherical mirrors 1 and a pair of plano-concave cylindrical mirrors 2 are vertically distributed, and the plano-concave spherical mirrors 1 and the plano-concave cylindrical mirrors 2 are symmetrically distributed. Taking fig. 1 as an example, for example, a pair of plano-concave spherical mirrors 1 distributed on the left side is an input coupling mirror 11, and a pair of plano-concave spherical mirrors 1 distributed on the right side is a first reflecting mirror 12; the left-side distributed plano-concave cylindrical mirrors 2 of the pair of plano-concave cylindrical mirrors 2 are output coupling mirrors 21, and the right-side distributed plano-concave cylindrical mirrors 2 are second reflecting mirrors 22. In this way, the propagating optical path will oscillate back and forth between the input coupling mirror 11, the first mirror 12, the output coupling mirror 21, the frequency doubling crystal 3, the second mirror 22, the input coupling mirror 11, the first mirror 12, the output coupling mirror 21, the frequency doubling crystal 3, and the second mirror 22 … … in order. It should be noted that, the terms of up, down, left, right, vertical, horizontal, etc. are only used to better describe the technical solution of the present application, and should not be construed as limiting the present application.
In the outer cavity frequency multiplication butterfly cavity structure designed in the embodiment of the application, when the frequency multiplication crystal 3 with stronger walk-off effect is adopted, in order to effectively improve the frequency multiplication efficiency and improve the damage resistance threshold of the frequency multiplication crystal 3, the light spot size of the walk-off direction of the frequency multiplication crystal 3 is moderately enlarged, namely, the light spot at the fundamental frequency beam waist in the frequency multiplication crystal 3 is designed to be elliptical, the walk-off direction of the frequency multiplication crystal 3 corresponds to the long axis direction of the elliptical light spot, and the perpendicular walk-off direction corresponds to the short axis direction of the elliptical light spot. The pair of plano-concave spherical mirrors in the conventional symmetrical butterfly cavity structure is replaced by a pair of plano-concave cylindrical mirrors 2. The equivalent optical path of the outer cavity frequency multiplication butterfly cavity structure in the horizontal direction (non-walk-off direction) is shown in fig. 2: because the plano-concave cylindrical mirror 2 has curvature in the horizontal direction, the plano-concave cylindrical mirror 2 has strong focusing effect on the intra-cavity oscillation mode, so that the beam waist of the intrinsic mode light spot inside the nonlinear crystal (frequency doubling crystal 3) in the horizontal direction is small, and enough power density and frequency doubling efficiency are ensured. The equivalent optical path of the outer cavity frequency multiplication butterfly cavity structure in the vertical direction (walk-off direction) is shown in fig. 3: the plano-concave cylindrical mirror 2 has no curvature in the vertical direction, so that the plano-concave cylindrical mirror has no focusing effect on an intracavity oscillation mode in the vertical direction, the beam waist of an intrinsic mode light spot in the nonlinear crystal in the vertical direction is larger, the power density on the frequency doubling crystal 3 is effectively reduced on the premise of ensuring high frequency doubling efficiency, and the service life of a laser adopting the frequency doubling crystal 3 is prolonged. Two parallel plane reflecting mirror pairs in the traditional symmetrical butterfly-shaped cavity structure are replaced by a plane concave spherical mirror 1 with a certain curvature radius, so that stable mode self-reproduction in the vertical direction (walk-away direction) is effectively ensured.
Referring to fig. 1-3, another embodiment of the present application provides a fundamental frequency optical coupling device, which includes: cylindrical lens group 4 and the outer cavity frequency doubling butterfly cavity structure in the above embodiment. The cylindrical lens group 4 is used for performing mode matching on the fundamental frequency light along the walk-off direction of the frequency doubling crystal 3. Specifically, because the frequency doubling crystal 3 in the designed outer cavity frequency doubling butterfly cavity structure is an elliptical light spot eigenmode, light spots injected from outside the cavity need to be shaped into elliptical light spots, and the moving direction of the frequency doubling crystal 3 needs to be subjected to mode matching. The designed cylindrical lens group 4 can carry out mode matching on fundamental frequency light along the walk-off direction of the frequency doubling crystal 3 so as to meet the light spot requirement of the butterfly-shaped cavity.
Referring to fig. 1-3, the fundamental frequency optical coupling device further includes a spherical lens group 5, wherein the center of the cylindrical lens group 4, the center of the spherical lens group 5, and the centers of the pair of plano-concave spherical mirrors 1 are coincident with the optical paths generated by the fundamental frequency source, so as to ensure the light source transmission effect.
The spherical lens group 5 is used for performing mode matching on the fundamental frequency light along the walk-off direction of the frequency doubling crystal 3, and is used for performing mode matching on the fundamental frequency light along the walk-off direction perpendicular to the frequency doubling crystal 3. The cylindrical lens group 4 is located between the spherical lens group 5 and the concave spherical lens 1, or the spherical lens group 5 is located between the cylindrical lens group 4 and the concave spherical lens 1. For example, as shown in fig. 1, a cylindrical lens group 4 is located between the spherical lens group 5 and (the input coupling mirror 11 in) the concave spherical mirror 1. In this way, by the combined action of the spherical lens group 5 and the cylindrical lens group 4, the mode matching of the light source outside the cavity (for example, the fundamental frequency light generated by the fundamental frequency source) can be effectively performed. In other embodiments, the spherical lens group 5 may also be disposed between the cylindrical lens group 4 and the concave spherical mirror 1. The front and rear positions of the spherical lens group 5 and the cylindrical lens group 4 along the fundamental frequency light transmission are not particularly limited, and may be flexibly selected according to practical situations.
The cylindrical lens group 4 in the fundamental frequency optical coupling device comprises at least one cylindrical lens and/or the spherical lens group 5 comprises at least one spherical lens. For example, the spherical lens group 5 includes one or three spherical lenses. If the spherical lens group 5 is a one-piece lens, it may be a tele lens. If the spherical lens group 5 includes three spherical lenses, it can be a galilean telescope for expanding or contracting beams, and the combination of the three spherical lenses can be selected according to actual functional requirements, which is not particularly limited, so long as the mode matching with the external cavity frequency multiplication butterfly cavity structure can be realized. The cylindrical lens group 4 may specifically include one or two cylindrical lenses, as long as the functions of the cylindrical lens group 4 can be satisfied, and the specific number is flexibly set according to the actual situation.
The designed fundamental frequency optical coupling device adopts a fundamental frequency optical coupling light path designed based on a cylindrical lens group 4 and a spherical lens group 5 to match an external cavity frequency multiplication butterfly-shaped cavity structure on the fundamental frequency optical coupling device so as to realize the coupling requirement of elliptical fundamental frequency light at the beam waist of a frequency multiplication crystal 3 in the butterfly-shaped cavity. The coupling requirement refers to that after the fundamental frequency light outside the cavity passes through the cylindrical lens group 4 and the spherical lens group 5, the fundamental frequency light can be matched with the facula eigenmode of the external cavity frequency multiplication butterfly cavity structure to realize 1:1 or approximately 1: 1. The fundamental frequency optical coupling device improves the traditional fundamental frequency optical mode matching device based on the global lens into the fundamental frequency optical mode matching device based on the spherical lens group 5 and the cylindrical lens group 4, so as to realize the coupling requirement of elliptical fundamental frequency light at the beam waist in the outer cavity frequency doubling butterfly-shaped cavity structure, thereby effectively coupling the fundamental frequency light outside the cavity with the intrinsic oscillation mode in the butterfly-shaped cavity, and further improving the frequency doubling efficiency.
In yet another embodiment of the present application, a laser is provided that includes the fundamental frequency optical coupling device described above. The laser is specifically a frequency multiplication laser, and the frequency multiplication laser is used for realizing frequency multiplication of continuous light. The principle of the frequency doubling laser is similar to that of a common laser, but a group of frequency doubling crystals 3 are added. When the laser beam passes through the frequency doubling crystal 3, photons of the original frequency are absorbed and re-radiated with two photons, the sum of the photon energies of which is equal to the energy of the original photons, a process called frequency doubling effect. In the frequency multiplication laser, the laser beam passes through a plurality of frequency multiplication crystals 3, and the laser beam frequency can be increased to a frequency multiplication value. The frequency doubling laser has the advantages that the generated laser beam has high quality and high spatial resolution, and can be used for high-precision laser processing and optical experiments. The laser designed by the application comprises the fundamental frequency optical coupling device, and the fundamental frequency optical coupling device also comprises the outer cavity frequency multiplication butterfly cavity structure in the embodiment, so the laser also has the advantages of the outer cavity frequency multiplication butterfly cavity structure, the designed laser effectively reduces the power density on the frequency multiplication crystal 3 on the premise of ensuring high frequency multiplication efficiency, and the service life of the laser adopting the frequency multiplication crystal 3 is prolonged.
The foregoing description of the application has been presented for purposes of illustration and description, and is not intended to be limiting. Several simple deductions, modifications or substitutions may also be made by a person skilled in the art to which the application pertains, based on the idea of the application.
Claims (10)
1. An external cavity frequency doubling butterfly cavity structure, comprising: a pair of plano-concave spherical mirrors (1), a pair of plano-concave cylindrical mirrors (2) and a frequency doubling crystal (3);
The pair of plano-concave spherical mirrors (1) and the pair of plano-concave cylindrical mirrors (2) form a butterfly-shaped cavity structure which is symmetrically distributed, and the pair of plano-concave cylindrical mirrors (2) are symmetrically distributed on two sides of the frequency doubling crystal (3).
2. The external cavity frequency multiplication butterfly cavity structure according to claim 1, characterized in that any one of the pair of plano-concave spherical mirrors (1) is an input coupling mirror (11), the other is a first reflecting mirror (12); any one of the pair of plano-concave cylindrical mirrors (2) is a second reflecting mirror (22), and the other of the pair of plano-concave cylindrical mirrors (2) is an output coupling mirror (21).
3. The external cavity frequency doubling butterfly cavity structure according to claim 2, wherein the input coupling mirror (11) is used for impedance matching.
4. The external cavity frequency doubling butterfly cavity structure according to claim 2, wherein the first mirror (12) and the output coupling mirror (21) are both configured to reflect fundamental frequency light.
5. The external cavity frequency doubling butterfly cavity structure according to claim 2, wherein the second mirror (22) is configured to reflect fundamental frequency light and to transmit frequency doubling light.
6. A fundamental frequency optical coupling device, comprising: cylindrical lens group (4) and external cavity frequency doubling butterfly cavity structure according to any of claims 1 to 5; the cylindrical lens group (4) is used for carrying out mode matching on fundamental frequency light along the walk-off direction of the frequency doubling crystal (3).
7. A fundamental frequency optical coupling device according to claim 6, further comprising a spherical lens group (5), wherein the center of the cylindrical lens group (4), the center of the spherical lens group (5) and the center of the pair of plano-concave spherical mirrors (1) are coincident with the optical path generated by the fundamental frequency source.
8. A fundamental frequency optical coupling device according to claim 7, characterized in that the spherical lens group (5) is adapted for pattern matching of fundamental frequency light along a walk-off direction of the frequency doubling crystal (3) and for pattern matching of fundamental frequency light along a walk-off direction perpendicular to the frequency doubling crystal (3); the cylindrical lens group (4) is located between the spherical lens group (5) and the plano-concave spherical mirror (1), or the spherical lens group (5) is located between the cylindrical lens group (4) and the plano-concave spherical mirror (1).
9. A fundamental frequency optical coupling device according to claim 7, wherein the cylindrical lens group (4) comprises at least one piece of cylindrical lens and/or the spherical lens group (5) comprises at least one piece of said spherical lens.
10. A laser comprising a fundamental frequency optical coupling device as claimed in any one of claims 6 to 9.
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| CN202323182200.7U CN221262954U (en) | 2023-11-23 | 2023-11-23 | Outer cavity frequency multiplication butterfly-shaped cavity structure, fundamental frequency optical coupling device and laser |
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| CN202323182200.7U CN221262954U (en) | 2023-11-23 | 2023-11-23 | Outer cavity frequency multiplication butterfly-shaped cavity structure, fundamental frequency optical coupling device and laser |
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