CN221080361U - Broadband substrate integrated waveguide back cavity antenna for millimeter wave radar - Google Patents
Broadband substrate integrated waveguide back cavity antenna for millimeter wave radar Download PDFInfo
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- CN221080361U CN221080361U CN202321801009.3U CN202321801009U CN221080361U CN 221080361 U CN221080361 U CN 221080361U CN 202321801009 U CN202321801009 U CN 202321801009U CN 221080361 U CN221080361 U CN 221080361U
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- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 67
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 67
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001465 metallisation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 abstract description 12
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 abstract 7
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000003491 array Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a broadband substrate integrated waveguide back cavity antenna for millimeter wave radar, which comprises a lower surface metal layer, a dielectric substrate, an upper surface metal layer, a metallized through hole array, a rectangular ring gap, a grounding metallized through hole and a feed network, wherein the lower surface metal layer and the upper surface metal layer are respectively printed on the lower surface and the upper surface of the dielectric substrate; the metallized through hole array is arranged on the medium substrate and communicated with the lower surface metal layer and the upper surface metal layer to form a rectangular cavity structure; the rectangular ring gap is etched on the upper surface metal layer; the metallized grounding hole is positioned inside the rectangular ring gap. The substrate integrated waveguide back cavity antenna has wider impedance bandwidth and higher radiation efficiency, and can effectively inhibit the loss caused by the surface wave of the millimeter wave frequency band antenna. In addition, the antenna adopts a single-layer PCB structure, has the advantages of miniaturization, low profile, easy planarization integration and simple structure, and is suitable for millimeter wave radar scenes.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to the technical field of antennas, in particular to a broadband substrate integrated waveguide back cavity antenna for millimeter wave radar.
Background
The automobile radar is used as a key sensor of an intelligent automobile safety system, and the requirements of detection distance resolution, angle resolution, speed resolution and the like are continuously improved; the millimeter wave radar has the advantages of high measurement precision, high resolution, small volume, capability of keeping good performance under severe conditions such as heavy rain, dense fog and the like, and is widely applied to an automobile radar system.
The antenna is used as the forefront device in the millimeter wave radar, and the performance of the antenna has great influence on the performance of a radar sensor. The traditional radar antenna adopts a microstrip antenna as an antenna unit, and reduces the loss brought by a feed network in a mode of combining microstrip line series feed and parallel feed; however, in the millimeter wave frequency band microstrip antenna, the leakage phenomenon is serious, the power capacity is low, the insertion loss is large, and the microstrip line feed network takes an open structure to generate radiation, so that the performance of the antenna is seriously affected. Although the metal waveguide antenna can solve the defects of high loss and low power capacity of the microstrip antenna, the metal waveguide antenna has the advantages of complex processing technology, higher cost, larger size and difficult integration with a front-end circuit. In addition, the international telecommunications union has opened the 76-81 GHz band to automotive radar service as a global unified frequency, which clearly puts higher demands on the bandwidth of radar antennas. Therefore, the design of the millimeter wave radar antenna with low loss, high power capacity, large bandwidth and easy integration has important significance.
In recent years, some technical solutions of millimeter wave radar antennas have been disclosed in the prior art, wherein:
The Chinese patent with the patent number of CN111786097A proposes a waveguide millimeter wave radar antenna, the antenna consists of a PCB dielectric plate and a metal ridge waveguide, the double ridge waveguide is series fed through a microstrip line conversion structure arranged on the PCB dielectric plate, lower insertion loss and lower return loss are realized, the ridge waveguide is longitudinally collinearly slotted to realize the radiation of electromagnetic waves, and the ridge waveguide lower ridge controls the amplitude of slot radiation energy through distortion; the millimeter wave radar antenna provided by the patent number CN217387538U comprises a microstrip antenna and a horn antenna, wherein a radiation patch of the microstrip antenna is positioned in a rectangular waveguide of the horn antenna, microwave signals are transmitted to the horn antenna, and the gain of the antenna can be adjusted by adjusting the size of the horn antenna; the two antennas have good impedance bandwidth and gain characteristics, but have higher section, complex structure, are not easy to integrate with a radio frequency front-end circuit, and are not suitable for a miniaturized and low-section radar system.
Disclosure of utility model
The utility model aims to provide a broadband substrate integrated waveguide back cavity antenna for millimeter wave radar, which is used for solving the problems in the background technology.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present utility model provides the following technical solutions: the broadband substrate integrated waveguide back cavity antenna for the millimeter wave radar comprises a lower surface metal layer, a dielectric substrate, an upper surface metal layer, a metallized through hole array, a rectangular ring gap, a grounding metallized through hole and a feed network, wherein the lower surface metal layer and the upper surface metal layer are respectively printed on the lower surface and the upper surface of the dielectric substrate;
the metallized through hole array is arranged on the medium substrate and communicated with the lower surface metal layer and the upper surface metal layer to form a rectangular cavity structure;
The rectangular ring gap is etched on the upper surface metal layer; the grounding metallization through hole is positioned in the rectangular ring gap, and the upper surface metal layer and the lower surface metal layer are correspondingly arranged; the feed network is etched on the lower surface metal layer.
Preferably, the dielectric substrate is an RT/duroid 5880 high-frequency plate with the thickness of 10mil, the relative dielectric constant is 2.2, and the dielectric loss is 0.0009.
Preferably, the materials of the lower surface metal layer and the upper surface metal layer are copper with the thickness of 0.017 mm.
Preferably, the array of metallized vias has the same aperture size and the distance between adjacent vias is about twice the aperture size.
Preferably, the cavity surrounded by the metallized through hole array is rectangular.
Preferably, the width of the rectangular ring gap is 0.2mm, and the rectangular ring gap is positioned in the rectangular cavity.
Preferably, the grounding metallized through hole is positioned in the rectangular ring gap and communicates the lower surface metal layer with the upper surface metal layer.
Preferably, the feed network is etched on the lower surface metal layer and is implemented in the form of a grounded coplanar waveguide.
Preferably, the feed network consists of a grounding via hole, a feed line structure and an L-shaped gap; the L-shaped slot is used for controlling the impedance matching of the antenna.
Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the beneficial effects that:
1. Compared with a microstrip antenna, the back cavity antenna formed by the substrate integrated waveguide has the advantages of low loss, high power capacity and high Q value, effectively inhibits the loss caused by the surface wave of the millimeter wave frequency band microstrip antenna, improves the radiation efficiency and gain of the antenna, and has the advantages of small size, low section and easy integration compared with a metal waveguide antenna.
2. The metal layer on the upper surface of the antenna is etched with rectangular ring gaps, so that an additional current path can be generated, and the bandwidth of the antenna is effectively expanded.
3. The feed network is arranged on the lower surface metal layer of the antenna, so that the pattern deterioration caused by the radiation of the feed network can be effectively avoided;
4. The feeder network adopts a grounded coplanar waveguide structure, so that the feeder loss can be further reduced, and the impedance of an input end can be optimized by adjusting the length of an L-shaped gap, thereby realizing good impedance matching.
5. The frequency band with the return loss smaller than-10 dB is 75-82GHz, and the requirements of the 76-81GHz automobile radar frequency band deployed by the International telecommunication Union can be met.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a 3D schematic diagram of a broadband substrate integrated waveguide back cavity antenna suitable for millimeter wave radar of the present utility model;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an upper surface metal layer of a broadband substrate integrated waveguide back cavity antenna suitable for millimeter wave radar in accordance with the present utility model;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a lower surface metal layer of a broadband substrate integrated waveguide back cavity antenna suitable for millimeter wave radar in accordance with the present utility model;
FIG. 4 is a graph of return loss for a broadband substrate integrated waveguide cavity backed antenna suitable for millimeter wave radar in accordance with the present utility model;
FIG. 5 is a two-dimensional radiation pattern of a broadband substrate integrated waveguide back cavity antenna suitable for millimeter wave radar of the present utility model;
Fig. 6 is a graph of gain versus frequency for a broadband substrate integrated waveguide back cavity antenna suitable for millimeter wave radar.
In the figure: a lower surface metal layer 1, a medium substrate 2, an upper surface metal layer 3, a 4-metallized through hole array, a 5-rectangular ring gap, a 6-grounded metallized through hole, a 7-feed network, a 71-grounded through hole, a 72-feed line structure and a 73L-shaped gap.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present utility model will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present utility model, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the utility model without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the utility model.
Referring to fig. 1-6, the present utility model provides a technical solution: a broadband substrate integrated waveguide back cavity antenna for millimeter wave radar comprises a lower surface metal layer 1, a dielectric substrate 2, an upper surface metal layer 3, a metallized through hole array 4, a rectangular ring gap 5, a grounding metallized through hole 6 and a feed network 7, wherein the lower surface metal layer 1 and the upper surface metal layer 3 are respectively printed on the lower surface and the upper surface of the dielectric substrate 2;
the metallized through hole array 4 is arranged on the dielectric substrate 2 and communicated with the lower surface metal layer 1 and the upper surface metal layer 3 to form a rectangular cavity structure;
A rectangular ring gap 5 is etched on the upper surface metal layer 3; the grounding metallized through hole 6 is positioned in the rectangular ring gap 5, and the upper surface metal layer 3 and the lower surface metal layer 1 are correspondingly arranged; the feed network 7 is etched on the lower surface metal layer 1.
In the present utility model, the dielectric substrate 2 was an RT/duroid5880 high-frequency plate material having a thickness of 10mil, a relative dielectric constant of 2.2, and a dielectric loss of 0.0009.
In the utility model, the materials of the lower surface metal layer 1 and the upper surface metal layer 3 are copper with the thickness of 0.017 mm.
In the utility model, the metallized through hole arrays 4 have the same aperture size, the distance between the adjacent through holes is about twice the aperture size, the cavity surrounded by the metallized through hole arrays 4 is rectangular, and electromagnetic wave energy can be well restrained in the substrate integrated waveguide cavity by adjusting the space of the periodic metal through hole arrays, so that the electromagnetic wave propagation characteristic similar to that of a metal waveguide is formed.
In the utility model, the width of the rectangular ring gap 5 is 0.2mm, the rectangular ring gap is positioned in the rectangular cavity, electromagnetic waves radiate from the rectangular ring gap to the space, the grounding metallized through hole 6 is positioned in the rectangular ring gap 5, the lower surface metal layer 1 is communicated with the upper surface metal layer 3, and the grounding metallized through hole 6 is used for adjusting the current trend on an antenna, so that the beam width of a directional diagram is adjusted.
In the utility model, a feed network 7 is etched on a lower surface metal layer 1 and is realized in a grounded coplanar waveguide mode, and the feed network 7 consists of a grounding via 71, a feed line structure 72 and an L-shaped slit 73; the L-shaped slit 73 is used to control impedance matching of the antenna, and by adjusting the length of the L-shaped slit 73, the input impedance of the antenna can be optimized, and good impedance matching can be achieved.
Fig. 4 shows the return loss simulation result of a wideband substrate integrated waveguide back cavity antenna suitable for millimeter wave radar in this embodiment, as shown in fig. 4, the bandwidth of the antenna unit with return loss less than-10 dB is 75.02-82.21 GHz, and a rectangular ring slot is etched on the upper surface of the substrate integrated waveguide back cavity to generate an additional current path, so as to generate another resonant frequency point, and when the resonant frequency point is close to the resonant frequency of the substrate integrated waveguide back cavity, the two resonant frequencies are fused together, thereby expanding the bandwidth of the antenna.
Fig. 5 is a radiation pattern of a broadband substrate integrated waveguide back cavity antenna applicable to millimeter wave radar in two planes of phi=0° and phi=90°, and as can be seen from fig. 5, the antenna has good directional radiation characteristics in the range of 74 ° to 84 ° in the 3dB beam width of two planes of phi=0° and phi=90° at three frequency points of 76GHz, 78GHz and 81 GHz.
Fig. 6 is a gain curve of a wideband substrate integrated waveguide cavity-backed antenna suitable for millimeter wave radar in the working frequency band, and as can be seen from fig. 6, the gain of the antenna unit in the working frequency band is greater than 7.2dBi, the gain fluctuation is less than 0.5dB, and the wideband substrate integrated waveguide cavity-backed antenna has good gain stability.
The utility model comprises the following steps: compared with a microstrip antenna, the back cavity antenna formed by the substrate integrated waveguide has the advantages of low loss, high power capacity and high Q value, effectively inhibits the loss caused by the surface wave of the millimeter wave frequency band microstrip antenna, improves the radiation efficiency and gain of the antenna, and has the advantages of small size, low section and easy integration compared with a metal waveguide antenna; etching a rectangular ring gap on the upper surface metal layer of the antenna to generate an additional current path, thereby effectively expanding the bandwidth of the antenna; the feeding network is arranged on the lower surface metal layer of the antenna, so that the pattern deterioration caused by the radiation of the feeding network can be effectively avoided.
While embodiments of the present utility model have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations may be made therein without departing from the principles and spirit of the utility model, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (9)
1. The broadband substrate integrated waveguide back cavity antenna for the millimeter wave radar is characterized by comprising a lower surface metal layer (1), a dielectric substrate (2), an upper surface metal layer (3), a metallized through hole array (4), a rectangular ring gap (5), a grounding metallized through hole (6) and a feed network (7), wherein the lower surface metal layer (1) and the upper surface metal layer (3) are respectively printed on the lower surface and the upper surface of the dielectric substrate (2);
The metallized through hole array (4) is arranged on the medium substrate (2) and is communicated with the lower surface metal layer (1) and the upper surface metal layer (3) to form a rectangular cavity structure;
the rectangular ring gap (5) is etched on the upper surface metal layer (3); the grounding metallization through hole (6) is positioned in the rectangular ring gap (5), and the upper surface metal layer (3) and the lower surface metal layer (1) are correspondingly arranged; the feed network (7) is etched on the lower surface metal layer (1).
2. The broadband substrate integrated waveguide back cavity antenna for millimeter wave radar of claim 1, wherein: the dielectric substrate (2) is an RT/duroid 5880 high-frequency plate with the thickness of 10mil, the relative dielectric constant is 2.2, and the dielectric loss is 0.0009.
3. The broadband substrate integrated waveguide back cavity antenna for millimeter wave radar of claim 1, wherein: the lower surface metal layer (1) and the upper surface metal layer (3) are made of copper with the thickness of 0.017 mm.
4. The broadband substrate integrated waveguide back cavity antenna for millimeter wave radar of claim 1, wherein: the array of metallized vias (4) has the same aperture size and the distance between adjacent vias is about twice the aperture size.
5. The broadband substrate integrated waveguide back cavity antenna for millimeter wave radar of claim 1, wherein: the cavity surrounded by the metallized through hole array (4) is rectangular.
6. The broadband substrate integrated waveguide back cavity antenna for millimeter wave radar of claim 1, wherein: the width of the rectangular ring gap (5) is 0.2mm and the rectangular ring gap is positioned in the rectangular cavity.
7. The broadband substrate integrated waveguide back cavity antenna for millimeter wave radar of claim 1, wherein: the grounding metallization through hole (6) is positioned in the rectangular ring gap (5) and is used for communicating the lower surface metal layer (1) with the upper surface metal layer (3).
8. The broadband substrate integrated waveguide back cavity antenna for millimeter wave radar of claim 1, wherein: the feed network (7) is etched on the lower surface metal layer (1) and is realized in a grounded coplanar waveguide mode.
9. The broadband substrate integrated waveguide back cavity antenna for millimeter wave radar of claim 1, wherein: the feed network (7) consists of a grounding via hole (71), a feed line structure (72) and an L-shaped gap (73); the L-shaped slot (73) is used for controlling the impedance matching of the antenna.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202321801009.3U CN221080361U (en) | 2023-07-11 | 2023-07-11 | Broadband substrate integrated waveguide back cavity antenna for millimeter wave radar |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202321801009.3U CN221080361U (en) | 2023-07-11 | 2023-07-11 | Broadband substrate integrated waveguide back cavity antenna for millimeter wave radar |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN221080361U true CN221080361U (en) | 2024-06-04 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN202321801009.3U Active CN221080361U (en) | 2023-07-11 | 2023-07-11 | Broadband substrate integrated waveguide back cavity antenna for millimeter wave radar |
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| CN (1) | CN221080361U (en) |
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- 2023-07-11 CN CN202321801009.3U patent/CN221080361U/en active Active
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