CN220895799U

CN220895799U - Battery monomer, battery and power consumption device

Info

Publication number: CN220895799U
Application number: CN202420287894.6U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 吴凯; 全超; 李耀; 李伟
Original assignee: Contemporary Amperex Technology Co Ltd
Current assignee: Contemporary Amperex Technology Co Ltd
Priority date: 2024-02-07
Filing date: 2024-02-07
Publication date: 2024-05-03
Anticipated expiration: 2034-02-07

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of batteries and discloses a battery monomer, a battery and an electric device, wherein the battery monomer comprises a shell, an electrode assembly and an insulating protection piece, the shell is provided with a first wall, a pressure relief structure is arranged on the first wall, the electrode assembly is arranged in the shell, the insulating protection piece is arranged on one side of the first wall facing the electrode assembly, the insulating protection piece is provided with an exhaust structure corresponding to the pressure relief structure, the exhaust structure comprises a plurality of layers of guide plates, each layer of guide plates is provided with guide holes, the guide holes of the plurality of layers of guide plates are arranged at intervals along a first direction, projections of the guide holes of at least two layers of guide plates along the first direction are at least partially staggered, and the first direction is the direction of the first wall facing the electrode assembly; the molten material or other high temperature particulate matter, etc., of the pressure relief structure is reduced from falling through the vent structure onto the electrode assembly, causing a short circuit of the battery cells, so that the possibility of further spreading of thermal runaway is reduced.

Description

Battery monomer, battery and power consumption device

Technical Field

The present application relates to the field of battery technologies, and in particular, to a battery cell, a battery, and an electric device.

Background

This section provides merely background information related to the application, which is not necessarily prior art.

The battery can store electric energy, and can be widely used for electronic equipment such as mobile phones, notebook computers, battery cars, electric automobiles, electric airplanes, electric ships, electric toy automobiles, electric toy ships, electric toy airplanes, electric tools and the like.

When the battery is in an external short circuit, overcharged, needled, plate-impact and the like, thermal runaway is easy to occur, and even explosion risks can occur when the thermal runaway degree is serious. How to reduce the extent of thermal runaway of a battery is a non-negligible problem in the process of battery technology development.

Disclosure of utility model

In view of the above, the present application provides a battery cell, a battery and an electric device, so as to reduce the risk of thermal runaway of adjacent battery cells when the battery cells are thermally out of control, thereby reducing the possibility of thermal runaway.

The first aspect of the application provides a battery cell, which comprises a shell, an electrode assembly and an insulating protection piece, wherein the shell comprises a first wall, a pressure relief structure is arranged on the first wall, the electrode assembly is arranged in the shell, the insulating protection piece is arranged on one side of the first wall facing the electrode assembly, the insulating protection piece is provided with an exhaust structure corresponding to the pressure relief structure, the exhaust structure comprises a plurality of layers of guide plates, each layer of guide plates is provided with a guide hole, the guide plates are arranged at intervals along a first direction, projections of the guide holes of at least two layers of guide plates along the first direction are at least partially staggered, and the first direction is the arrangement direction of the first wall and the electrode assembly.

According to the technical scheme, the exhaust structure comprises the guide plates which are arranged at intervals in multiple layers, each guide plate is provided with the guide holes, when the current battery unit is in thermal runaway, the guide holes play a role in conducting, high-temperature smoke, particulate matters and other emissions in the current battery unit can reach the pressure release structure smoothly, and are discharged out of the battery unit through the pressure release structure, so that the battery unit can release pressure in time, and the risk caused by the thermal runaway of the current battery unit is reduced. When thermal runaway occurs in other adjacent single batteries of the current single battery, the discharged matters sprayed out of the single batteries of the thermal runaway possibly sweep the pressure release structure of the current single battery and enable the pressure release structure of the current single battery to be melted, in this case, as the projection of the flow guide holes of at least two layers of flow guide plates in the multilayer flow guide plates along the first direction is at least partially staggered, after the molten matters or other high-temperature particles and the like of the pressure release structure pass through the flow guide holes of the upper layer flow guide plates, the molten matters or other high-temperature particles and the like of the pressure release structure can be stopped by the lower layer flow guide plates, the molten matters or other high-temperature particles and the like of the pressure release structure can be reduced to directly pass through the exhaust structure and fall on the electrode assembly, the short circuit of the current single battery is triggered, the possibility that the thermal runaway of the current single battery is further caused is further reduced, and the possibility that the thermal runaway is further spread is reduced, and the possibility that the thermal runaway is caused to be more dangerous is reduced.

In some embodiments of the present application, the projections of the flow guiding holes of any two adjacent layers of the flow guiding plates in the first direction are at least partially staggered. According to the embodiment, the diversion holes of any two adjacent diversion plates are staggered along the first direction, so that the stopping effect on the molten substances or other high-temperature particles of the pressure relief structure can be improved, the possibility that the molten substances or other high-temperature particles of the pressure relief structure directly pass through the exhaust structure and drop on the electrode assembly to cause the short circuit of the current battery cell, and then the current battery cell is caused to generate thermal runaway is reduced, the possibility that the thermal runaway further spreads is reduced, and the possibility that the thermal runaway causes greater danger is reduced.

In some embodiments of the present application, the projections of the flow guiding holes of any two layers of the flow guiding plates along the first direction are at least partially staggered. According to the embodiment, through arranging the diversion holes of all diversion plates in a staggered manner, after molten substances or other high-temperature particles of the pressure relief structure fall through the diversion holes of the uppermost layer, the lower diversion plates can pass through the multi-stage stop, after the diversion plates adjacent to the uppermost diversion plates are melted, the diversion plates of the lower layer still have a good stop effect, the stop effect on the molten substances or other high-temperature particles of the pressure relief structure is improved, the possibility that the molten substances or other high-temperature particles of the pressure relief structure directly pass through the exhaust structure and fall on the electrode assembly to cause the short circuit of the current battery cell is reduced, and further the thermal runaway of the current battery cell is caused.

In some embodiments of the present application, a plurality of the diversion holes are arranged on at least one layer of the diversion plate at intervals. The flow area of single water conservancy diversion hole is less than the form of a great water conservancy diversion hole, can carry out the backstop to the high temperature particulate matter of big particle diameter, is favorable to improving the backstop effect to pressure release structure's melting material or other high temperature particulate matters, has reduced pressure release structure's melting material or other high temperature particulate matters and has passed the exhaust structure directly and drop on electrode assembly and initiate current battery monomer short circuit, and then the possibility that the thermal runaway takes place for current battery monomer.

In some embodiments of the present application, a plurality of the flow guide holes of the flow guide plate located at the same layer are arranged in rows, each row including a plurality of the flow guide holes arranged at intervals along a second direction, the second direction intersecting the first direction. The plurality of diversion holes are arranged in the row, so that when the diversion holes of the diversion plates of different layers are arranged in a staggered manner, each row of diversion holes of the adjacent diversion plates are only required to be staggered, and the design of the multi-layer diversion plates is more convenient.

In some embodiments of the present application, a plurality of the flow guiding holes on the same layer of the flow guiding plate are arranged in a plurality of rows along a third direction, two adjacent flow guiding holes in adjacent rows are aligned along the third direction, and the third direction, the second direction and the first direction intersect each other. And a plurality of rows of guide holes are formed in each layer of guide plate, so that the area of the guide plate is reasonably utilized, and the flow area and the supporting strength of the exhaust structure are considered.

In some embodiments of the present application, the insulation protection piece further includes a body, an exhaust port is provided on the body, the pressure release structure and the exhaust structure are both disposed corresponding to the position of the exhaust port, and the exhaust structure is disposed on a side of the body facing away from the pressure release structure. The pressure release structure is relative through the gas vent with exhaust structure for exhaust structure and pressure release structure interval set up, and like this, the discharge such as flue gas in the battery monomer can be through comparatively smooth and easy flow direction pressure release structure behind the exhaust structure, has improved the timeliness that pressure release structure opened, has reduced the battery monomer and can not in time release, and causes the possibility of more serious thermal runaway risk.

In some embodiments of the application, the exhaust structure further comprises a support wall, one end of the support wall is connected with the body, the other end of the support wall protrudes towards one side of the body away from the first wall, and the deflector is connected with the support wall. Through setting up the supporting wall, the relative body protrusion of supporting wall provides the space along the first direction for the setting of multilayer guide plate, has made things convenient for the interval setting of multilayer guide plate, simultaneously, also is favorable to the guide plate and the electrode assembly butt of bottom, is favorable to improving insulating protection piece to electrode assembly's bearing capacity, reduces electrode assembly's vibration or the possibility of rocking in the shell for electrode assembly has better stability in the shell.

In some embodiments of the application, the vent structure is integral with the body.

In some embodiments of the application, the housing comprises a housing body having an opening and an end cap covering the opening, the first wall being the end cap.

In some embodiments of the application, the insulating protection member is a plastic member.

In some embodiments of the application, the baffle closest to the pressure relief structure is spaced from the first wall in the first direction; and/or, along the first direction, the deflector furthest from the first wall is abutted with the electrode assembly. The baffle that is closest to first wall sets up with first wall interval for have the interval space between pressure release structure and the exhaust structure, when pressure release structure melts, be difficult for shutoff baffle's that is closest to first wall water conservancy diversion hole, make discharge such as flue gas in the battery monomer can be comparatively smooth and easy through exhaust structure outflow, improved the pressure release timeliness of battery monomer, reduced the battery monomer and initiated the possibility of more serious thermal runaway risk. The deflector far away from the first wall is abutted with the top surface of the main body part of the electrode assembly, so that the movement of the electrode assembly along the first direction can be limited, the supporting capacity of the insulating protection piece on the electrode assembly is improved, the possibility of vibration or shaking of the electrode assembly in the shell is reduced, and the electrode assembly has good stability in the shell.

In some embodiments of the application, a protective member is disposed on a side of the first wall facing away from the battery cell, the protective member having a shielding portion corresponding to a position of the pressure relief structure, and the shielding portion covers the pressure relief structure. The guard can play the guard action from the outside of first wall, when other battery monomer adjacent of current battery monomer takes place thermal runaway, take place thermal runaway battery monomer spun emission can be stopped by the guard, has reduced other battery monomer's emission to the influence of pressure release structure for thermal runaway further spreading's possibility reduces, has reduced thermal runaway and has initiated the possibility of more dangerous. According to the embodiment, the protection piece can be further arranged on the basis of the exhaust structure provided by the application or any embodiment of the application, so that the exhaust structure on the inner side of the first wall and the protection piece on the outer side of the first wall form outer-inner multi-stage protection of the battery cell, the possibility of thermal runaway spreading is further reduced, and the possibility of larger danger caused by thermal runaway is reduced.

In some embodiments of the present application, the total flow area of all the flow guiding holes on each layer of the flow guiding plate is 0.5 to 1.2 times the pressure relief area of the pressure relief structure. The setting of the total flow area of the diversion holes of each layer of diversion plates can give consideration to the strength and the flow area of the diversion plates, so that the insulating protection piece can play a good supporting role on the battery unit, and the discharge in the battery unit can flow to the pressure release structure in a relatively timely manner.

A second aspect of the application proposes a battery comprising a battery cell according to the application or according to any embodiment of the application.

A third aspect of the present application provides an electrical device comprising a battery according to the present application or any of the embodiments of the present application, the battery being adapted to provide electrical energy.

The foregoing description is only an overview of the present application, and is intended to be implemented in accordance with the teachings of the present application in order that the same may be more clearly understood and to make the same and other objects, features and advantages of the present application more readily apparent.

Drawings

Various other advantages and benefits will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art upon reading the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments. The drawings are only for purposes of illustrating the preferred embodiments and are not to be construed as limiting the application. Also, like reference numerals are used to designate like parts throughout the figures. In the drawings:

FIG. 1 schematically illustrates a schematic structural view of a vehicle provided by some embodiments of the present application;

fig. 2 schematically illustrates an exploded structural view of a battery provided in some embodiments of the present application;

fig. 3 schematically illustrates an exploded structure of a battery cell according to some embodiments of the present application;

FIG. 4 schematically illustrates a schematic view of one perspective of an insulating protector according to some embodiments of the present application;

FIG. 5 schematically illustrates a schematic view of another perspective of an insulating protector according to some embodiments of the present application;

FIG. 6 schematically shows a cross-sectional view A-A of FIG. 5;

FIG. 7 schematically shows a B-B cross-sectional view of FIG. 5;

FIG. 8 schematically illustrates a schematic view of one perspective of an insulating protector according to some embodiments of the present application;

fig. 9 schematically illustrates a schematic view of another perspective of an insulating protector according to some embodiments of the present application;

FIG. 10 schematically illustrates a cross-sectional C-C view of FIG. 9;

FIG. 11 schematically illustrates a D-D cross-sectional view of FIG. 9;

Fig. 12 schematically illustrates a split schematic of an end cap and shield of some embodiments of the application.

Reference numerals in the specific embodiments are as follows:

1000. A vehicle;

100. A battery; 10. a case; 11. a first portion; 12. a second portion; 20. a battery cell; 201. a first wall; 21. an end cap; 211. an electrode terminal; 212. a pressure relief structure; 213. the pressure relief area; 22. a housing body; 23. an electrode assembly; 231. a tab; 232. a main body portion; 24. a connecting sheet; 25. an insulating sheet;

30. An insulating protector; 31. a body; 311. an exhaust port; 32. an exhaust structure; 321. a support wall; 322. a deflector aperture; 323. a deflector; 324. a first deflector; 325. a second deflector; 33. a protruding portion;

40. A guard; 41. a shielding part; 42. a connection part; 43. a weak portion;

200. A controller;

300. A motor;

X, a first direction; y, second direction; z, third direction.

Detailed Description

Embodiments of the technical scheme of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following examples are only for more clearly illustrating the technical aspects of the present application, and thus are merely examples, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present application.

Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs; the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the application; the terms "comprising" and "having" and any variations thereof in the description of the application and the claims and the description of the drawings above are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion.

In the description of embodiments of the present application, the technical terms "first," "second," and the like are used merely to distinguish between different objects and are not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated, a particular order or a primary or secondary relationship. In the description of the embodiments of the present application, the meaning of "plurality" is two or more unless explicitly defined otherwise.

Reference herein to "an embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of the application. The appearances of such phrases in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, nor are separate or alternative embodiments mutually exclusive of other embodiments. Those of skill in the art will explicitly and implicitly appreciate that the embodiments described herein may be combined with other embodiments.

In the description of the embodiments of the present application, the term "and/or" is merely an association relationship describing an association object, and indicates that three relationships may exist, for example, a and/or B may indicate: a exists alone, A and B exist together, and B exists alone. In addition, the character "/" herein generally indicates that the front and rear associated objects are an "or" relationship.

In the description of the embodiments of the present application, the term "plurality" means two or more (including two), and similarly, "plural sets" means two or more (including two), and "plural sheets" means two or more (including two).

In the description of the embodiments of the present application, the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the technical terms "center", "longitudinal", "transverse", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", etc. are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are merely for convenience of description and simplification of the description, and do not indicate or imply that the apparatus or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the embodiments of the present application.

In the description of the embodiments of the present application, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured" and the like should be construed broadly and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; or may be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communicated with the inside of two elements or the interaction relationship of the two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the embodiments of the present application will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to specific circumstances.

With the vigorous development of new energy industry, the capacity of the battery is larger and larger, and the performance requirement on the battery is higher and higher. Batteries typically include one or more cells that are susceptible to thermal runaway in the event of an external short, overcharge, needlestick, flat-plate impact, etc. The pressure release structure can be arranged on the end cover of the battery monomer, so that when the battery monomer is in thermal runaway, the high-temperature smoke, high-temperature particulate matters and other emissions can be discharged in time.

Specifically, in some technologies, an insulating protection piece is arranged between an end cover of a battery cell and an electrode assembly, the insulating protection piece is provided with an opening corresponding to a pressure relief structure, when the battery cell is in thermal runaway, the opening enables emissions to smoothly reach the pressure relief structure from the electrode assembly, and then the pressure relief structure is actuated (the pressure relief structure is actuated, namely, the pressure relief structure is opened, and a pressure relief channel is formed) to relieve pressure, so that the extreme condition that the battery cell explodes is reduced.

The pressure release structure is a weak structure of the battery, after one of the battery monomers of the battery is subjected to thermal runaway, discharged high-temperature gas, high-temperature particles and other emissions can rebound to impact the pressure release structure of the adjacent battery monomer, damage is caused to the pressure release structure of the adjacent battery monomer, and when serious, the pressure release structure of the adjacent battery monomer can be melted through to enter the high-temperature particles. Once the pressure release structure is melted through by the external high-temperature emission, the high-temperature particles can directly fall onto the electrode assembly through the opening on the insulating protection piece, so that the diaphragm is melted through to generate internal short circuit of the battery cell, and further heat spreading is caused.

In view of the above, the present application provides a battery cell, wherein an insulating protection member of the battery cell has an exhaust structure corresponding to a pressure relief structure, the exhaust structure includes a plurality of layers of flow guide plates, each layer of flow guide plates is provided with a flow guide hole, and at least two layers of flow guide plates are arranged in a staggered manner along a direction of an end cover towards an electrode assembly.

When thermal runaway occurs in the current battery unit, the diversion holes of the multi-layer diversion plates play a role in conducting, high-temperature smoke, particulate matters and other emissions in the current battery unit can reach the pressure release structure smoothly, and are discharged out of the battery unit through the pressure release structure, so that the battery unit can release pressure timely, and the risk caused by thermal runaway of the current battery unit is reduced. When the thermal runaway happens to other adjacent battery monomers of the current battery, and the discharged matters of the thermal runaway happens to the pressure release structure of the current battery monomers, and the pressure release structure of the current battery monomers is melted, as the flow guide holes of at least two layers of flow guide plates are arranged in a staggered mode in the multilayer flow guide plates, molten matters or other high-temperature particles of the pressure release structure can be stopped by the flow guide plates at the lower layer after passing through the flow guide holes of the upper layer flow guide plates, the molten matters or other high-temperature particles of the pressure release structure directly pass through the gas release structure and fall on the electrode assembly to cause the short circuit of the current battery monomers, and further the possibility of the thermal runaway of the current battery monomers is caused, so that the possibility of further spreading of the thermal runaway is reduced, and the possibility of causing greater danger due to the thermal runaway is reduced.

For convenience of description, the following embodiment will take an electric device according to an embodiment of the present application as an example of the vehicle 1000.

Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 schematically illustrates a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle according to some embodiments of the present application. The vehicle 1000 may be a fuel oil vehicle, a gas vehicle or a new energy vehicle, and the new energy vehicle may be a pure electric vehicle, a hybrid vehicle or a range-extended vehicle. The battery 100 is provided in the interior of the vehicle 1000, and the battery 100 may be provided at the bottom or the head or the tail of the vehicle 1000. The battery 100 may be used for power supply of the vehicle 1000, for example, the battery 100 may be used as an operating power source of the vehicle 1000. The vehicle 1000 may also include a controller 200 and a motor 300, the controller 200 being configured to control the battery 100 to power the motor 300, for example, for operating power requirements during start-up, navigation, and travel of the vehicle 1000.

In some embodiments of the present application, battery 100 may not only serve as an operating power source for vehicle 1000, but may also serve as a driving power source for vehicle 1000, instead of or in part instead of fuel oil or natural gas, to provide driving power for vehicle 1000.

Referring to fig. 2, fig. 2 schematically illustrates an exploded structure of a battery according to some embodiments of the present application, and the battery 100 includes a case 10 and a battery cell 20, wherein the battery cell 20 is accommodated in the case 10. The case 10 is used to provide an accommodating space for the battery cell 20, and the case 10 may have various structures. In some embodiments, the case 10 may include a first portion 11 and a second portion 12, the first portion 11 and the second portion 12 being overlapped with each other, the first portion 11 and the second portion 12 together defining an accommodating space for accommodating the battery cell 20. The second portion 12 may be a hollow structure with one end opened, the first portion 11 may be a plate-shaped structure, and the first portion 11 covers the opening side of the second portion 12, so that the first portion 11 and the second portion 12 together define a containing space; the first portion 11 and the second portion 12 may be hollow structures each having an opening at one side, and the opening side of the first portion 11 is engaged with the opening side of the second portion 12. Of course, the case 10 formed by the first portion 11 and the second portion 12 may be of various shapes, such as a cylinder, a rectangular parallelepiped, or the like.

In the battery 100, the plurality of battery cells 20 may be connected in series, parallel or a series-parallel connection, wherein the series-parallel connection refers to that the plurality of battery cells 20 are connected in series or parallel. The plurality of battery cells 20 can be directly connected in series or in parallel or in series-parallel, and then the whole formed by the plurality of battery cells 20 is accommodated in the box 10; of course, the battery 100 may also be a battery module formed by connecting a plurality of battery cells 20 in series or parallel or series-parallel connection, and a plurality of battery modules are then connected in series or parallel or series-parallel connection to form a whole and are accommodated in the case 10. The battery 100 may further include other structures, for example, the battery 100 may further include a bus member for making electrical connection between the plurality of battery cells 20.

Wherein each battery cell 20 may be a secondary battery or a primary battery; but not limited to, lithium sulfur batteries, sodium ion batteries, or magnesium ion batteries. The battery cell 20 may be in the shape of a cylinder, a flat body, a rectangular parallelepiped, or other shapes, etc.

Referring to fig. 3, fig. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating an exploded structure of a battery cell according to some embodiments of the application. The battery cell 20 refers to the smallest unit constituting the battery. As shown in fig. 3, the battery cell 20 includes a case, an insulating protector 30, an electrode assembly 23, and other functional components.

The case may include an end cap 21 and a case body 22, and the end cap 21 refers to a member that is covered at an opening of the case body 22 to isolate the inner environment of the battery cell 20 from the outer environment. Without limitation, the shape of the end cap 21 may be adapted to the shape of the case body 22 to fit the case body 22. Optionally, the end cover 21 may be made of a material (such as an aluminum alloy) with a certain hardness and strength, so that the end cover 21 is not easy to deform when being extruded and collided, so that the battery cell 20 can have higher structural strength, and the safety performance can be improved. The end cap 21 may be provided with a functional part such as an electrode terminal 211. The electrode terminals 211 may be used to be electrically connected with the electrode assembly 23 through the connection tabs 24 for outputting or inputting electric power of the battery cells 20. In some embodiments, the end cap 21 may further be provided with a pressure relief structure 212 for releasing the internal pressure when the internal pressure or temperature of the battery cell 20 reaches a threshold value, and the pressure relief structure 212 may particularly take the form of an explosion-proof valve, a gas valve, a pressure relief valve, a safety valve, or the like, and may particularly take the form of a pressure-sensitive or temperature-sensitive element or structure, that is, when the internal pressure or temperature of the battery cell 20 reaches a predetermined threshold value, the pressure relief structure 212 performs an action or a weak structure provided in the pressure relief structure 212 is broken, thereby forming an opening or channel through which the internal pressure of the battery cell 20 can be released. The material of the end cap 21 may be various, such as copper, iron, aluminum, stainless steel, aluminum alloy, plastic, etc., which is not particularly limited in the embodiment of the present application.

The case body 22 is an assembly for cooperating with the end cap 21 to form an internal environment of the battery cell 20, wherein the formed internal environment may be used to accommodate the electrode assembly 23, the electrolyte, and other components. The case body 22 and the end cap 21 may be separate members, and an opening may be provided in the case body 22, and the interior of the battery cell 20 may be formed by covering the opening with the end cap 21 at the opening. The end cap 21 and the case body 22 may be integrated, and specifically, the end cap 21 and the case body 22 may form a common connection surface before other components are put into the case, and when the interior of the case body 22 needs to be sealed, the end cap 21 is covered with the case body 22. The housing body 22 may be of various shapes and sizes, such as rectangular parallelepiped, cylindrical, hexagonal prism, etc. Specifically, the shape of the case body 22 may be determined according to the specific shape and size of the electrode assembly 23. The material of the housing body 22 may be various, such as copper, iron, aluminum, stainless steel, aluminum alloy, plastic, etc., which is not particularly limited in the embodiment of the present application. An insulating sheet 25 may be further disposed in the case body 22, and the insulating sheet 25 may be coated on the outer side of the electrode assembly 23 to isolate the electrode assembly 23 from the case body 22.

The electrode assembly 23 is a component in which electrochemical reactions occur in the battery cell 20. One or more electrode assemblies 23 may be contained within the housing. The electrode assembly 23 is mainly formed by winding or stacking a positive electrode sheet and a negative electrode sheet, and a separator is generally provided between the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet. The electrode assembly 23 includes a main body portion 232 and a tab 231, wherein the main body portion 232 mainly includes portions of the positive and negative electrode sheets having active materials, and the portions of the positive and negative electrode sheets having no active materials each constitute the tab 231. The positive electrode tab and the negative electrode tab may be located at one end of the main body 232 or located at two ends of the main body 232. During charge and discharge of the battery, the positive and negative electrode active materials react with the electrolyte, and the tab 231 may be connected to the electrode terminal 211 through the connection piece 24 to form a current loop.

The insulating protection member 30 is a member located between the end cap 21 and the electrode assembly 23, the insulating protection member 30 may be a plastic member, and the insulating protection member may be integrally formed by plastic or assembled by plastic members, and is made of an insulating material. The insulating protector may be a member made of other materials, such as a rubber member. The insulation protection member 30 mainly has two functions, namely, the insulation protection member can be used for isolating an electric connection part in a shell from the end cover 21 so as to reduce the risk of short circuit, and the end face of the electrode assembly 23 is effectively supported, because the electrode assembly 23 is assembled in place in the shell and after the end cover 21 is welded, the internal winding core of the electrode assembly 23 is in a slightly pressed state, and the electrode assembly 23 can be in a vibrating environment in the loading use process, if the constraint of the electrode assembly 23 is insufficient, the service life of the winding core is easily influenced or short circuit occurs, so that the end face of the winding core needs to be effectively supported on the insulation protection member so as to reduce the possibility of up-and-down movement of the electrode assembly 23.

Referring to fig. 3, and further in combination with fig. 4-7, fig. 4 schematically illustrates a schematic view of one view of an insulation protector according to some embodiments of the present application, fig. 5 schematically illustrates a schematic view of another view of an insulation protector according to some embodiments of the present application, fig. 6 schematically illustrates A-A cross-sectional view of fig. 5, and fig. 7 schematically illustrates a B-B cross-sectional view of fig. 5, this embodiment provides a battery cell 20, comprising a housing, an electrode assembly 23, and an insulation protector 30, the housing having a first wall 201, a pressure relief structure 212 disposed on the first wall 201, the electrode assembly 23 disposed within the housing, the insulation protector 30 disposed on a side of the first wall 201 facing the electrode assembly 23, the insulation protector 30 having a vent structure 32 corresponding to a position of the pressure relief structure 212, the vent structure 32 comprising a plurality of baffle plates 323, each baffle plate 323 being disposed with baffle holes 322 spaced apart along a first direction X, at least two baffle plates 323 having baffle holes 322 disposed at least partially offset from each other along the first direction X, the first direction being disposed in the first direction of projection of the first wall 201, and the electrode assembly 23 being disposed in the first direction.

The first wall 201 may be the end cap 21 or other side wall of the housing.

The insulating protector 30 may be fixed to the first wall 201 (the first wall 201 may be understood with reference to the end cap 21 in this embodiment) and located on a side of the first wall 201 adjacent to the electrode assembly 23. The side of the first wall 201 near the electrode assembly 23 is the inner side of the first wall 201, and is also the lower side of the first wall 201 when the battery cell 20 is placed in the forward direction (as shown in fig. 3, the end cap 21 is placed in the forward direction in a state where the upper and lower case bodies 22 are placed). For convenience of description, the corresponding components are described below in a state in which the battery cell 20 is placed in the forward direction.

The exhaust structure 32 is a part of the insulating protection member 30, and the exhaust structure 32 corresponds to the position of the pressure relief structure 212, it may be understood that the exhaust structure 32 is disposed opposite to the pressure relief structure 212, specifically, the exhaust structure 32 may be located directly under the pressure relief structure 212, and along the direction of the first wall 201 toward the electrode assembly 23, the orthographic projection of the pressure relief structure 212 to the insulating protection member 30 may be located in the exhaust structure 32.

The first direction X may also be understood as a direction in which the first wall 201 faces the electrode assembly 23, and particularly in the present embodiment, may be understood with reference to the height direction of the battery cell 20. The deflector 323 may be connected with the body of the insulation protector 30. The plurality of baffle plates 323 are disposed at intervals along the first direction X, and it is understood that the plurality of baffle plates 323 are sequentially stacked and disposed at intervals along the height direction of the battery cells 20, and the plurality of baffle plates 323 may be disposed at equal intervals or may be disposed at unequal intervals. The spaces between the multiple baffles 323 allow for the flow of emissions such as flue gases.

The diversion holes 322 can enable high-temperature flue gas generated in the battery unit 20 to flow to the pressure release structure 212, and the diversion holes 322 can be structures penetrating through the top surface and the bottom surface of the diversion plate 323 where the diversion holes are located, wherein the top surface of the diversion plate 323 faces the side surface of the first wall 201, and the bottom surface of the diversion plate 323 faces the side surface of the first wall 201. The air guide holes 322 are communicated with the corresponding spacing gaps between the adjacent air guide plates 323, the air guide holes 322 on the multi-layer air guide plates 323 and the spacing gaps between the adjacent air guide plates 323, so that the exhaust structure 32 can penetrate through the top surface and the bottom surface of the insulation protection piece 30, and when the battery unit 20 is out of control, the exhaust such as smoke can flow to the pressure release structure 212 through the air guide holes 322 and the spacing gaps between the adjacent air guide plates 323.

The multi-layer baffle 323 refers to two or more layers of baffles 323, or more than two layers of baffles 323. The multi-layer fluidic plates 323 mentioned in the present embodiment may be all-layer fluidic plates 323, for example, at least two layers of fluidic plates 323 may be at least two layers of fluidic plates 323 of all layers; for another example, the plurality of baffle plates 323 may be disposed at intervals along the first direction X, and all the baffle plates 323 may be disposed at intervals along the first direction X. The projections of the multi-layer gas guide plates 323 along the first direction X may be arranged substantially in superposition, that is, the multi-layer gas guide plates 323 may be plate-like or plate-like structures having substantially the same shape and size, and the multi-layer gas guide plates 323 may be arranged substantially in superposition along the first direction X.

The projection of the multi-layer baffle 323 along the first direction X is understood to be an orthographic projection of the multi-layer baffle 323 along the first direction X onto the same plane, which is substantially perpendicular to the first direction X.

The projection of the flow guiding holes 322 of at least two layers of flow guiding plates 323 along the first direction X is understood to be the orthographic projection of the flow guiding holes 322 of at least two layers of flow guiding plates 323 along the first direction X to the same plane, which is substantially perpendicular to the first direction X. At least two layers of guide plates 323 have guide holes 322 at least partially staggered along the projection of the first direction X, which means that at least two layers of guide plates 323 are arranged in all layers of guide plates 323, and the guide holes 322 on the guide plates 323 are staggered along the first direction X, wherein the dislocation can be partial dislocation or total dislocation. That is, there are at least two layers of baffles 323, wherein the projection of the baffle holes 322 of one layer to the baffle holes 322 of the other layer along the first direction X is staggered or partially overlapped with the baffle holes 322 of the other layer. In other words, the flow guiding holes 322 of at least two layers of the flow guiding plates 323 do not completely coincide in the height direction, wherein the projection of the flow guiding holes 322 of one layer along the first direction X is at least partially located outside the projection of the flow guiding holes 322 of the other layer along the first direction X. Further, the projection of at least two layers of the flow guiding holes 322 of the flow guiding plate 323 along the first direction X is staggered, which means that the projection of one layer of the flow guiding holes 322 along the first direction X to the other layer of the flow guiding holes 322 is located outside the other layer of the flow guiding holes 322, specifically, the edge of the projection of one layer of the flow guiding holes 322 along the first direction X to the other layer of the flow guiding holes 322 is connected with the edge of the other layer of the flow guiding holes 322, or the projection of one layer of the flow guiding holes 322 along the first direction X to the other layer of the flow guiding holes 322 is spaced from the other layer of the flow guiding holes 322.

It should be further explained that, in the two-layer flow guiding plates 323, at least one flow guiding hole 322 in one layer does not completely coincide with all flow guiding holes 322 in the other layer, that is, the projection of the flow guiding holes 322 of the two-layer flow guiding plates 323 along the first direction X is at least partially staggered. For example, in the case where one or both of the two flow guide plates 323 has a plurality of flow guide holes 322, the projection of one flow guide hole 322 to the other of the plurality of flow guide holes 322 in the one layer is at least partially located outside all flow guide holes 322 in the other layer, and it can be said that the projections of the flow guide holes 322 of the two flow guide plates 323 in the first direction X are at least partially offset.

It will be appreciated that in the case where the projections of the flow guiding holes 322 of at least two flow guiding plates 323 along the first direction X are staggered, in the height direction (i.e., the first direction X) of the battery cell 20, the flow guiding holes 322 of one flow guiding plate 323 will be blocked by the other flow guiding plate 323, so that the material falling from the upper flow guiding hole 322 will be stopped by the lower flow guiding plate 323, and the possibility that the melted material or other high-temperature particulate matters of the pressure release structure 212 falling from above will contact with the electrode assembly 23 is reduced. In the case that the projections of the flow guiding holes 322 of at least two flow guiding plates 323 along the first direction X are partially overlapped (i.e., partially offset), in the height direction (i.e., the first direction X) of the battery cells 20, the flow guiding holes 322 of one flow guiding plate 323 may be partially blocked by the other flow guiding plate 323, so that the substances falling from the upper flow guiding holes 322 are not easy to pass through the lower flow guiding holes 322, for example, the substances with larger size falling from the upper flow guiding holes 322 may be blocked by the lower flow guiding plate 323, and for example, the substances falling from the upper flow guiding holes 322 in the region blocked by the lower flow guiding plate 323 may also be blocked by the lower flow guiding plate 323, thereby also reducing the possibility that the molten substances or other high-temperature particles of the pressure release structure 212 falling from above may contact with the electrode assembly 23.

In this embodiment of the battery monomer 20, the exhaust structure 32 includes the guide plate 323 that the multilayer interval set up, all is provided with the guiding hole 322 on every layer of guide plate 323, when the thermal runaway takes place for current battery monomer 20, the guiding hole 322 plays the conduction effect, can let the discharge such as high temperature flue gas and particulate matter in the current battery monomer 20 reach pressure release structure 212 comparatively smoothly to outside the battery monomer 20 through pressure release structure 212 discharge, make the battery monomer 20 pressure release that can be comparatively timely, reduced the risk that causes when the thermal runaway of current battery monomer 20. When thermal runaway occurs in other adjacent battery cells 20 of the current battery cell 20, emissions emitted by the battery cell 20 that thermal runaway occurs may reach the pressure release structure 212 of the current battery cell 20, and the pressure release structure 212 of the current battery cell 20 is melted, in this case, since at least two layers of flow guide plates 323 have at least partially staggered projections of the flow guide holes 322 along the first direction X, after the molten material of the pressure release structure 212 passes through the flow guide holes 322 of the upper layer of flow guide plates 323, the molten material of the pressure release structure 212 is stopped by the lower layer of flow guide plates 323, so that the molten material or other high-temperature particles and the like of the pressure release structure 212 directly pass through the exhaust structure 32 to fall on the electrode assembly 23 to cause short circuit of the current battery cell 20, and further cause the possibility of thermal runaway occurrence of the current battery cell 20 to be reduced, and the possibility of further spread of thermal runaway to be reduced.

In some techniques, a protective member 40 (such as a mica sheet) may be added to the pressure relief structure 212 on the exterior of the first wall 201 of the battery cell 20, in such a way that the high temperature and high velocity airflow after the battery cell 20 is out of control may carry away the protective member 40 of the surrounding battery cells 20, resulting in thermal spread of the protection failure. In the battery cell 20 of the embodiment, the electrode assembly 23 at the corresponding position of the pressure release structure 212 can be protected inside the battery cell 20, so that the problem of failure in protection of the adjacent battery cell 20 due to the out-of-control high-temperature high-speed airflow of one battery cell 20 is reduced.

According to some embodiments of the present application, optionally, as shown in fig. 4 to 7, and further in combination with fig. 8 to 11, fig. 8 schematically illustrates a schematic view of one view of an insulation protector according to some embodiments of the present application, fig. 9 schematically illustrates a schematic view of another view of an insulation protector according to some embodiments of the present application, fig. 10 schematically illustrates a C-C cross-sectional view of fig. 9, and fig. 11 schematically illustrates a D-D cross-sectional view of fig. 9; the projections of the flow guiding holes 322 of any two adjacent layers of the flow guiding plates 323 in the plurality of layers of flow guiding plates 323 along the first direction X are at least partially staggered.

The multilayer baffle 323 of the present embodiment may be three or more layers. It is understood that the deflectors 323 of any two adjacent layers are two adjacent deflectors 323 along the first direction X. The diversion holes 322 of the multi-layer diversion plate 323 are staggered along the first direction X, so that the projection of the diversion holes 322 of any two adjacent layers of diversion plates 323 along the first direction X is at least partially staggered; as shown in fig. 8 to 11, the positions of the diversion holes 322 of the diversion plates 323 may be alternately and circularly staggered along the first direction X. For example, as shown in fig. 8 to 11, the baffle 323 may have three layers, that is, a first layer of baffle, a second layer of baffle, and a third layer of baffle in this order, where the baffle holes 322 of the first layer of baffle and the baffle holes 322 of the third layer of baffle are arranged in superposition, and the baffle holes 322 of the first layer of baffle are at least partially staggered from the baffle holes 322 of the second layer of baffle, so that the second layer of baffle is also at least partially staggered from the baffle holes 322 of the third layer of baffle. For another example, the baffle 323 has four layers, which are sequentially a first layer of baffle, a second layer of baffle, a third layer of baffle and a fourth layer of baffle along the first direction X, the baffle holes 322 of the first layer of baffle and the baffle holes 322 of the third layer of baffle are overlapped, the baffle holes 322 of the second layer of baffle and the baffle holes 322 of the fourth layer of baffle are overlapped, and the baffle holes 322 of the first layer of baffle are staggered with at least part of the baffle holes 322 of the second layer of baffle, so that the third layer of baffle is also staggered with at least part of the baffle holes 322 of the fourth layer of baffle, and the second layer of baffle is also staggered with at least part of the baffle holes 322 of the third layer of baffle.

According to the embodiment, the diversion holes 322 of any two adjacent diversion plates 323 are arranged in a staggered manner along the first direction X, so that the stopping effect on the molten substances or other high-temperature particles of the pressure relief structure 212 can be improved, the possibility that the molten substances or other high-temperature particles of the pressure relief structure 212 directly pass through the exhaust structure 32 and drop on the electrode assembly 23 to cause the short circuit of the current battery cell 20, and then cause the thermal runaway of the current battery cell 20 is further caused, the possibility that the thermal runaway further spreads is reduced, and the possibility that the thermal runaway causes a larger danger is reduced.

Optionally, according to some embodiments of the present application, the flow guiding holes 322 of any two layers of the multiple layers of flow guiding plates 323 are at least partially staggered in the projection along the first direction X.

The multilayer baffle 323 of the present embodiment may be three or more layers. The projections of the flow guiding holes 322 of any two layers of flow guiding plates 323 along the first direction X are at least partially staggered, that is, the flow guiding holes 322 of all flow guiding plates 323 are staggered along the first direction X. In other words, the projections of the deflector apertures 322 of all the deflector plates 323 onto the same plane along the first direction X are staggered or only partially overlapped.

In this embodiment, through the staggered arrangement of the diversion holes 322 of all diversion plates 323, after the molten material or other high-temperature particulate matters of the pressure relief structure 212 fall through the diversion holes 322 of the uppermost layer, the molten material or other high-temperature particulate matters can be passed through the multistage stop by the diversion plates 323 below, after the diversion plates 323 adjacent to the uppermost layer of diversion plates 323 are melted, the diversion plates 323 of the lower layer still have a better stop effect, so that the stop effect on the molten material or other high-temperature particulate matters of the pressure relief structure 212 is improved, and the possibility that the molten material or other high-temperature particulate matters of the pressure relief structure 212 directly fall on the electrode assembly 23 through the exhaust structure 32 to cause the short circuit of the current battery cell 20, thereby causing the thermal runaway of the current battery cell 20 is reduced.

Optionally, at least one layer of baffles 323 may be provided with a plurality of baffle holes 322 spaced apart in accordance with some embodiments of the present application.

The plurality of deflector holes 322 refers to two or more deflector holes 322. The diversion holes 322 may be square holes, circular holes, or holes of other shapes. The plurality of deflector holes 322 may each be one shape of hole or may include holes of various shapes, including, for example, both circular holes and square holes.

A plurality of flow guide holes may be provided in a part of the flow guide plates 323 of the plurality of flow guide plates 323, for example, in the three-layer flow guide plates 323, a plurality of flow guide holes may be provided in one or both of the flow guide plates 323; in the multi-layer flow guide plate 323, a plurality of flow guide holes 322 may be provided in each layer of the flow guide plate 323. In the case where the plurality of deflector holes 322 are provided in the deflector 323, when the projections of the deflector holes 322 of the two-layer deflector 323 in the first direction X are offset, the projections of all the deflector holes 322 of one deflector 323 in the first direction X may be spaced from the projections of all the deflector holes 322 of the other deflector 323 in the first direction X. In the case where the projections of the diversion holes 322 of the two diversion plates 323 along the first direction X are partially overlapped, the projection of any one diversion hole 322 of one diversion plate 323 along the first direction X may be overlapped with the projection of one or more diversion holes 322 of the other diversion plate 323 along the first direction X; it is also possible that a projection of a partial number of the flow guiding holes 322 of one flow guiding plate 323 in the first direction X is arranged non-overlapping or partially overlapping with a projection of a partial flow guiding hole 322 of the other flow guiding plate 323 in the first direction X, while the remaining number of flow guiding holes 322 of the one flow guiding plate 323 are arranged completely overlapping with the other number of flow guiding holes 322 of the other flow guiding plate 323.

The multiple diversion holes 322 arranged at intervals on the diversion plate 323 can meet the overall flow area of the diversion plate 323, when thermal runaway occurs to the battery cell 20, the discharged materials in the battery cell 20 are discharged through the diversion holes 322, meanwhile, the diversion holes 322 are arranged in multiple numbers, compared with the mode of one large diversion hole 322, the flow area of the single diversion hole 322 is smaller, high-temperature particles with large particle size can be stopped, the stopping effect on the molten materials or other high-temperature particles of the pressure release structure 212 is improved, the molten materials or other high-temperature particles of the pressure release structure 212 directly pass through the exhaust structure 32 to fall on the electrode assembly 23, the short circuit of the current battery cell 20 is caused, and the thermal runaway possibility of the current battery cell 20 is further caused.

Alternatively, as shown in fig. 4 to 11, the plurality of deflector holes 322 of the deflector 323 positioned at the same layer are arranged in rows, each row including the plurality of deflector holes 322 spaced apart along the second direction Y intersecting the first direction X, according to some embodiments of the present application.

The plurality of deflector holes 322 located in the same layer of deflector 323 are the plurality of deflector holes 322 provided in the same deflector 323. The second direction Y may be a direction substantially perpendicular to the first direction X, specifically, a width direction or a length direction of the insulating protector 30, and this embodiment will be described taking the second direction Y as a length direction of the insulating protector 30 as an example.

The plurality of deflector holes 322 positioned in the same row may be disposed at equal intervals or may be disposed at unequal intervals. The plurality of deflector holes 322 of the same row may be provided in the same size and the same shape.

In this embodiment, the plurality of diversion holes 322 are arranged in rows, so that when the diversion holes 322 of the diversion plates 323 in different layers are arranged in a staggered manner, only each row of diversion holes 322 of the adjacent diversion plates 323 is required to be staggered, and the design of the multi-layer diversion plates 323 is more convenient.

According to some embodiments of the present application, alternatively, as shown in fig. 4 to 11, a plurality of the flow guiding holes 322 on the same layer of the flow guiding plate 323 are arranged in a plurality of rows along a third direction Z, and two adjacent flow guiding holes 322 in adjacent rows are aligned in the third direction Z, and the third direction Z, the second direction Y, and the first direction X intersect each other.

The third direction Z may be substantially perpendicular to both the first direction X and the second direction Y, which in the present embodiment may be understood with reference to the width direction of the insulating protector 30. Adjacent rows refer to adjacent rows on the same layer of baffles 323.

In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 4, 5 and 7, two rows of air guide holes may be provided on each layer of the air guide plate 323. In another embodiment, as shown in fig. 8, 9 and 11, three rows of air guide holes may be provided on each layer of the air guide plate 323. The pitch of the plurality of rows of deflector holes 322 on the same deflector 323 may be the same or different in the third direction Z.

The multiple rows of diversion holes 322 are arranged on each layer of diversion plates 323 in the embodiment, which is beneficial to reasonably utilizing the area of the diversion plates 323 and taking account of the flow area and the supporting strength of the exhaust structure 32.

According to some embodiments of the present application, optionally, as shown in fig. 4 to 11, the insulation protector 30 further includes a body 31, and the body 31 is provided with an exhaust port 311. The pressure release structure 212 and the exhaust structure 32 are disposed corresponding to the position of the exhaust port 311, and the exhaust structure 32 is located at one side of the body 31 facing away from the pressure release structure 212.

The body 31 of the insulating protector 30 and the exhaust structure 32 may be integrally formed, specifically, may be injection-molded integrally formed, or may be integrally connected by adhesion or the like. The material of the body 31 and the exhaust structure 32 may be the same, and may be an insulating material, specifically, a plastic member.

The side of the body 31 facing the first wall 201 (in this embodiment, it can be understood with reference to the top surface of the end cap 21) may be connected to the first wall 201, and the exhaust port 311 on the body 31 may penetrate the side of the body 31 facing the first wall 201 and the side of the body 31 facing away from the first wall 201, that is, the exhaust port 311 may penetrate the top and bottom surfaces of the body 31. The exhaust structure 32 and the pressure relief structure 212 are respectively arranged at positions corresponding to the positions of the exhaust ports 311, are respectively arranged at two sides of the exhaust ports 311, and are opposite through the exhaust ports 311. Since the first wall 201 is disposed on the top surface side of the insulating protector 30, the pressure release structure 212 on the first wall 201 is disposed on the top surface side (the side facing the end cap 21) of the body 31, and the corresponding exhaust structure 32 is disposed on the bottom surface side (the side facing away from the end cap 21) of the body 31. Specifically, the exhaust structure 32 may be disposed directly below the exhaust port 311, and the pressure relief structure 212 may cover directly above the exhaust port 311.

It can be appreciated that the pressure release structure 212 and the exhaust structure 32 are arranged opposite to each other through the exhaust port 311, so that the exhaust structure 32 and the pressure release structure 212 are arranged at intervals, and thus, the exhaust such as smoke in the battery cell 20 can flow smoothly to the pressure release structure 212 after passing through the exhaust structure 32, the timeliness of opening the pressure release structure 212 is improved, and the possibility that the battery cell 20 cannot release pressure in time and cause more serious thermal runaway risk is reduced.

According to some embodiments of the present application, as shown in fig. 4 to 11, the exhaust structure 32 further includes a support wall 321, one end of the support wall 321 is connected to the body 31, the other end of the support wall 321 protrudes toward a side of the body 31 facing away from the first wall 201, and a deflector 323 is connected to the support wall 321.

The support wall 321 may be connected to the body 31 at an upper end thereof, and may be integrally formed between the support wall 321 and the body 31 and between the support wall 321 and the deflector 323. The material of the supporting wall 321, the baffle 323, and the body 31 may be the same, for example, plastic members of the same material.

The supporting wall 321 may be disposed around the circumference of the deflector 323 and connected to the circumferential edge of the deflector 323, that is, the supporting wall 321 is disposed in a ring shape, and the deflector 323 is connected to the inner wall of the supporting wall 321. The support wall 321 may also be disposed around a part of the circumferential direction of the deflector 323, for example, the support wall 321 may be disposed only at opposite ends of the deflector 323. The bottom-most flow guide plate 323 (i.e., the flow guide plate 323 closest to the first wall 201, which can be understood with reference to the second flow guide plate 325) may be connected to the bottom end of the support wall 321, and the top-most flow guide plate 323 (i.e., the flow guide plate 323 farthest from the first wall 201, which is also the flow guide plate 323 that can abut the electrode assembly 23, which can be understood with reference to the first flow guide plate 324) may be connected to the top end of the support wall 321.

In this embodiment, by providing the supporting wall 321, the supporting wall 321 protrudes relative to the body 31, providing a space along the first direction X for the arrangement of the multilayer deflector 323, which is convenient for the arrangement of the multilayer deflector 323 at intervals, and meanwhile, is also beneficial to the abutment of the deflector 323 at the bottommost layer and the electrode assembly 23, which is beneficial to improving the supporting capability of the insulating protector 30 on the electrode assembly 23, reducing the possibility of vibration or shaking of the electrode assembly 23 in the housing, and enabling the electrode assembly 23 to have better stability in the housing.

According to some embodiments of the application, the vent structure 32 is optionally integrally formed with the body 31.

The body 31 and the exhaust structure 32 may be integrally molded by injection molding, or may be integrally connected by bonding, welding, or the like. Specifically, the body 31 and the supporting wall 321 and the deflector 323 may be integrally formed.

By arranging the exhaust structure 32 and the body 31 as an integral structure, the exhaust structure 32 and the body 31 have better connection stability.

According to some embodiments of the application, the insulating protector 30 is optionally a plastic piece.

Optionally, as shown in fig. 3, according to some embodiments of the present application, the housing includes a housing body 22 and an end cap 21, the housing body 22 has an opening, the end cap 21 covers the opening, and the first wall 201 is the end cap 21.

Optionally, according to some embodiments of the application, a deflector 323 closest to the relief structure 212 is spaced from the first wall 201 along the first direction X; and/or, in the first direction X, the deflector 323 farthest from the first wall 201 abuts against the electrode assembly 23.

The baffle 323 closest to the first wall 201, i.e., the topmost baffle 323 of all baffles 323, is defined as the first baffle 324 for ease of description. The first guide plate 324 is arranged at intervals with the first wall 201, so that a gap is formed between the pressure release structure 212 and the exhaust structure 32, and when the pressure release structure 212 is melted, the guide holes 322 on the first guide plate 324 are not easy to block, so that the exhaust such as smoke in the battery cell 20 can smoothly flow out through the exhaust structure 32, the pressure release timeliness of the battery cell 20 is improved, and the possibility that the battery cell 20 causes more serious thermal runaway risk is reduced.

The baffle 323 furthest from the first wall 201, i.e., the lowermost baffle 323 of all baffles 323, is defined as the second baffle 325 for ease of description. The second guide plate 325 may abut against the top surface of the main body 232 of the electrode assembly 23 to limit the movement of the electrode assembly 23 along the first direction X, so as to improve the supporting capability of the insulating protection member 30 on the electrode assembly 23, reduce the possibility of vibration or shaking of the electrode assembly 23 in the housing, and make the electrode assembly 23 have better stability in the housing.

Optionally, as shown in fig. 12, fig. 12 schematically illustrates a split schematic diagram of the end cap and the protection member according to some embodiments of the present application, where a protection member 40 is disposed on a side of the first wall (which may be understood by referring to the end cap 21) facing away from the battery cell 20, the protection member 40 has a shielding portion 41 corresponding to a position of the pressure relief structure 212, and the shielding portion 41 covers the pressure relief structure 212.

The protection member 40 may be an insulating and high temperature resistant protection member 40 such as mica sheet, and the arrangement of the shielding portion 41 should not affect the normal opening of the pressure relief structure 212 when the battery cell 20 is out of control. Specifically, in one implementation, the protection member 40 may further include a connection portion 42, a weak portion 43, and a shielding portion 41, where the connection portion 42 is connected to the first wall 201, specifically, may be bonded by adhesive, and the weak portion 43 is connected between the connection portion 42 and the shielding portion 41, and the strength of the weak portion 43 is smaller than that of the shielding portion 41 and that of the connection portion 42, so that the weak portion 43 can be broken when the pressure relief structure 212 is opened, so as to disconnect the connection portion 42 and the shielding portion 41. The shield 40 may reduce the strength of the frangible portion 43 by providing an opening, groove, score, or the like. Of course, the weak portion 43 may be made of a low-strength material.

The protection member 40 may play a role of protection from the outside of the first wall 201, i.e., the end cap 21, and when thermal runaway occurs in other battery cells 20 adjacent to the current battery cell 20, the discharged emissions of the battery cell 20 that have the thermal runaway may be stopped by the protection member 40, reducing the influence of the discharged emissions of the other battery cell 20 on the pressure release structure 212, so that the possibility of further spreading of the thermal runaway is reduced, and the possibility of causing a greater risk of thermal runaway is reduced. The present embodiment may further provide the protection member 40 on the basis of the exhaust structure 32 according to the present application or any embodiment of the present application, so that the exhaust structure 32 inside the first wall 201 and the protection member 40 outside the first wall 201 form the outer-inner multi-stage protection of the battery cell 20, thereby further reducing the possibility of thermal runaway spreading and the possibility of thermal runaway causing a greater risk.

Optionally, according to some embodiments of the present application, the total flow area of all deflector apertures 322 on each layer of deflector 323 is between 0.5 and 1.2 times the relief area of relief structure 212.

The pressure relief area of the pressure relief structure 212 is the area of the pressure relief area 213 that can be formed by the pressure relief structure 212 when opened, from which the effluent in the cell 20 flows out. The pressure relief area 213 is an area of the first wall 201 corresponding to the pressure relief structure 212, i.e. an area of the first wall 201 that can be opened by the pressure relief structure 212 to communicate with the outside of the housing. The pressure release structure 212 is disposed in the pressure release area 213, and in a natural state, the pressure release structure 212 seals the pressure release area 213, and when the battery cell 20 is out of control, the pressure release structure 212 can open the pressure release area 213. The area of the relief area 213 is the area of the relief area 213 in the plane of the first wall 201, and does not relate to the dimension of the relief area 213 in the thickness direction of the first wall 201.

The total flow area of all of the deflector holes 322 on each layer of deflector 323 is the sum of the flow areas of all of the deflector holes 322 on one layer of deflector 323. The flow area of the pilot hole 322 may be understood with reference to the area of the flow cross section of the pilot hole 322, and the flow cross section of the pilot hole 322 is a cross section perpendicular to the axial direction of the pilot hole 322, i.e., a cross section perpendicular to the flow direction of the effluent in the pilot hole 322, and may be understood with reference to a cross section perpendicular to the first direction X.

Specifically, the total flow area of all of the flow directing holes 322 on each layer of the flow directing plate 323 may be 0.5 times, 0.6 times, 0.7 times, 0.8 times, 0.9 times, 1 times, 1.2 times, etc. the pressure relief area of the pressure relief structure 212.

It should be noted that, the shape of the exhaust structure 32 may be similar to or the same as the pressure relief area 213 of the pressure relief structure 212, for example, the pressure relief area 213 may be a track-type structure with a rectangular middle portion and two ends of the rectangle connected with semi-circular shapes, the pressure relief structure 212 may be configured as a profile structure of a substantially track, and the flow guide plate 323 of the exhaust structure 32 may be configured as a structure that results in a track.

The setting of the total flow area of the flow guiding holes 322 of each layer of the flow guiding plate 323 can give consideration to the strength and the flow area of the flow guiding plate 323, so that the insulating protection member 30 can play a better supporting role on the battery cell 20, and the discharged materials in the battery cell 20 can flow to the pressure release structure 212 in a relatively timely manner.

Some embodiments of the present application also provide a battery 100 including the battery cell 20 according to the present application or any of the embodiments of the present application.

Some embodiments of the present application also provide an electric device, including the battery 100 of any of the above aspects, and the battery 100 is used to provide electric energy for the electric device.

The powered device may be any of the devices or systems described above that employ battery 100.

According to some embodiments of the present application, as shown in fig. 3 to 11, the present embodiment provides a battery cell 20, including a case body 22, an end cap 21, an electrode assembly 23 and an insulating protection member 30, where the case body 22 has an opening, the end cap 21 covers the opening, a pressure relief structure 212 is disposed on the end cap 21, the electrode assembly 23 is disposed in the case body 22, the insulating protection member 30 is disposed on a side of the end cap 21 facing the electrode assembly 23, the insulating protection member 30 has an exhaust structure 32 corresponding to a position of the pressure relief structure 212, the exhaust structure 32 includes multiple layers of flow guide plates 323, each layer of flow guide plates 323 is provided with a flow guide hole 322, the multiple layers of flow guide plates 323 are disposed at intervals along a first direction X, and the flow guide holes 322 of any two layers of flow guide plates 323 in the multiple layers of flow guide plates 323 are staggered or partially overlapped along the projection of the first direction X, where the end cap 21 faces the electrode assembly 23. Each layer of guide plates 323 is provided with a plurality of guide holes 322, the guide holes 322 of each layer of guide plates 323 are arranged in a plurality of rows along the first direction X, each row comprises a plurality of guide holes 322 arranged at intervals along the second direction Y, and the third direction Z, the second direction Y and the first direction X are perpendicular to each other. The insulation protection member 30 further comprises a body 31, an air outlet 311 is arranged on the body 31, the pressure relief structure 212 and the air exhaust structure 32 are oppositely arranged through the air outlet 311 and can be respectively located on two opposite sides of the body 31, wherein the air exhaust structure 32 further comprises a supporting wall 321, one end of the supporting wall 321 is connected with the body 31, the other end of the supporting wall 321 protrudes towards one side, away from the end cover 21, of the body 31, and a guide plate 323 is connected to the supporting wall 321. The supporting wall 321, the body 31 and the multi-layer deflector 323 are an integral structure and are all plastic parts. The baffle 323 (first baffle 324) closest to the pressure relief structure 212 is spaced apart from the end cap 21 along the first direction X; the deflector 323 (second deflector 325) farthest from the cap 21 abuts against the electrode assembly 23 in the first direction X.

The opposite ends of the body 31 may further be provided with protrusions 33, the protrusions 33 are located at a side of the body 31 facing the electrode assembly 23, i.e., a lower side of the body 31, the protrusions 33 are abutted against the electrode assembly 23, and the protrusions 33 are spaced apart from the exhaust structure 32. The protruding portions 33 may be provided at both ends of the body 31 in the longitudinal direction (refer to the second direction Y of the present application) and extend in the width direction of the body 31. The protrusion 33 may support the body 31 and may abut against the electrode assembly 23 to increase the fixing effect on the electrode assembly 23 and reduce the possibility of vibration or shaking of the electrode assembly 23 within the case. The protruding portion 33 may be provided as a hollow structure with an open top surface. The material of the protruding portion 33 and the material of the body 31 may be the same, and may be integrally formed with the body 31.

The foregoing description of various embodiments is intended to highlight differences between the various embodiments, which may be the same or similar to each other by reference, and is not repeated herein for the sake of brevity.

Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present application, and not for limiting the same; although the application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some or all of the technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit of the application, and are intended to be included within the scope of the appended claims and description. In particular, the technical features mentioned in the respective embodiments may be combined in any manner as long as there is no structural conflict. The present application is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed herein, but encompasses all technical solutions falling within the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A battery cell, comprising:

the shell comprises a first wall, and a pressure relief structure is arranged on the first wall;

An electrode assembly disposed within the housing;

The insulating protection piece is arranged on one side of the first wall facing the electrode assembly, the insulating protection piece is provided with an exhaust structure corresponding to the position of the pressure relief structure, the exhaust structure comprises a plurality of layers of guide plates, each layer of guide plates are provided with guide holes, the guide plates are arranged at intervals along a first direction, at least two layers of guide plates are arranged at intervals along the projection of the guide holes of the guide plates along the first direction in a staggered mode, and the first direction is the arrangement direction of the first wall and the electrode assembly.

2. The battery cell of claim 1, wherein the projections of the flow directing holes of any two adjacent layers of the flow directing plates in the plurality of layers of flow directing plates along the first direction are at least partially staggered.

3. The battery cell of claim 2, wherein the projections of the flow directing holes of any two of the plurality of layers of flow directing plates along the first direction are at least partially staggered.

4. The battery cell of claim 1, wherein at least one of the flow guide plates is provided with a plurality of the flow guide holes at intervals.

5. The battery cell of claim 4, wherein a plurality of the flow directing holes in the same layer of the flow directing plate are arranged in rows, each row including a plurality of the flow directing holes spaced apart along a second direction, the second direction intersecting the first direction.

6. The battery cell of claim 5, wherein a plurality of the flow guiding holes on the same layer of the flow guiding plate are arranged in a plurality of rows along a third direction, two adjacent flow guiding holes in adjacent rows are aligned along the third direction, and the third direction, the second direction and the first direction are intersected.

7. The battery cell of claim 1, wherein the insulating protection member further comprises a body, an exhaust port is provided on the body, the pressure relief structure and the exhaust structure are both disposed corresponding to the position of the exhaust port, and the exhaust structure is disposed on a side of the body facing away from the pressure relief structure.

8. The battery cell of claim 7, wherein the vent structure further comprises a support wall, one end of the support wall is connected to the body, the other end of the support wall protrudes toward a side of the body facing away from the first wall, and the baffle is connected to the support wall.

9. The battery cell of claim 7 or 8, wherein the vent structure is of unitary construction with the body.

10. The battery cell of any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the housing comprises a housing body having an opening and an end cap that covers the opening, the first wall being the end cap.

11. The battery cell of any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the baffle closest to the pressure relief structure is spaced from the first wall in the first direction;

And/or, along the first direction, the deflector furthest from the first wall is abutted with the electrode assembly.

12. The battery cell of any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein a side of the first wall facing away from the battery cell is provided with a guard having a shielding portion corresponding to the pressure relief structure, the shielding portion covering the pressure relief structure.

13. The battery cell of any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the total flow area of all of the flow directing holes on each layer of the flow directing plate is 0.5 to 1.2 times the pressure relief area of the pressure relief structure.

14. A battery comprising the battery cell of any one of claims 1 to 13.

15. An electrical device comprising the battery of claim 14 for providing electrical energy.